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Daily meteorological data from 1981 to 2022 and citrus growth periods data were used in this paper. The daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature and their duration were selected as indicators of heat stress in citrus to clarify the spatial distribution characteristic and temporal variation trend of heat stress during citrus growth periods. The spatial and temporal differences of heat stress in different growing periods of citrus were compared using a paired t-test. The results show that (1) the average frequency, times and intensity of heat stress during flowering-fruit expanding stage of citrus are 87.73%, 2.23times•y-1 and 5.28d•times -1, respectively. High-value areas are mainly concentrated in the southeast of Jiangxi province. The average frequency, times and intensity of heat stress during the fruit expanding-fruit coloring stage of citrus are 56.43%, 1.15times•y-1 and 2.74d•times -1, respectively. High-value areas are mainly in the northern and central parts of Jiangxi province. (2) The station ratios, times and intensity of heat stress during the flowering-fruit expanding stage of citrus show a decreasing trend, with an average decrease of 0.90 percent points, 0.02 times and 0.06 d•time -1 every 10 years, respectively. The station ratios, times and intensity of heat stress during fruit expanding-fruit coloring stage of citrus show an increasing trend, with an average increase of 6.80 percent points, 0.26times and 0.50d•times -1 every 10 years, respectively. (3) The paired t-test results show that, the frequency, times and intensity of heat stress during flowering-fruit expanding stage of citrus are significantly higher than that during fruit expanding-fruit coloring stage of citrus. However, the climate tendency of times and intensity of heat stress during flowering-fruit expanding stage of citrus are significantly lower than that during fruit expanding-fruit coloring stage of citrus. The flowering-fruit expanding stage of citrus in Jiangxi province is the most frequent period of heat stress. For now, it is necessary to strengthen citrus defenses against heat stress during the flowering-fruit expanding stage. In the future, we should improve the prevention of heat stress in citrus during the fruit expanding-fruit coloring stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of comprehensive reforms and renovations were conducted in the construction of clinical practice teaching system, team huilding, management mode operating mechanism and people-oriented facilities hy taking the construction of the state clinical skiils experimental teaching demonstration center as an opportunity. The experimental teaching philosophy of "one center, two environments three platforms and four requirements" were proposed. The advanced experimental teaching platform for training hasic clinical skiils and thinking were reconstructed. The clinical experiment courses were adjusted and updated according to Clinical Practitioners Practical Skiils Examination Syllahus and Clinical Skiils of Chinese Medical Students Operation Guide. We focused on comhining with simulative and real clinical environment, integrating the clinical skiil training content and exploring a set of clinical skiils training modes that possessed advanced teaching ideas, reasonahle curriculum structure, lifelike simulative environment, and teaching effects feedhack. Many outstanding achievements were made. It is useful as reference to promote development of clinical skiils training center of local comprehensive university. This paper introduced the characteristics of teaching reforms and management mode of clinical skiils training center of Nantong University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) has been therapeutically used for several decades to increase peripheral and cerebral blood flow so as to prevent cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. However, the role of EGb in neuroprotective effects has received much attention recently. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGb on the development of NOS and AChE positive neurons in the rat embryonic basal forebrain. The results showed that treated with EGb, the OD of MTT staining analysis, and the numbers, the cell sizes and circumferences of NOS and AChE positive neurons were greatly promoted. These data suggest that EGb had similar effects of the neurotrophins such as NGF and BDNF in promoting the development of NOS and AChE positive neurons in the rat embryonic basal forebrain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POME) is an emerging minimally invasive endoscopic technique involving the establishment of a submucosal tunnel around the pyloric sphincter. In 2013, Khashab et al used G-POME for the first time in the treatment of gastroparesis with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, providing a new direction for the treatment of gastroparesis. With the recent and rapid development of G-POME therapy technology, progress has been made in the treatment of gastroparesis and other upper digestive tract diseases, such as congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and gastric sleeve stricture, with G-POME. This article reviews the research progress and future prospects of G-POME for the treatment of upper digestive tract gastrointestinal diseases., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

With the development and generalization of endoscopic technology and screening, clinical application of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG) has been increasing. In recent years, various types of MCCG are used globally. Therefore, establishing relevant guidelines on MCCG is of great significance. The current guidelines containing 23 statements were established based on clinical evidence and expert opinions, mainly focus on aspects including definition and diagnostic accuracy, application population, technical optimization, inspection process, and quality control of MCCG. The level of evidence and strength of recommendations were evaluated. The guidelines are expected to guide the standardized application and scientific innovation of MCCG for the reference of clinicians., (© 2023 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

The regulation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) is critical for lifelong neurogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small, endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and influence signaling networks responsible for several cellular processes. In this study, miR-103-3p was transfected into neural stem cells derived from embryonic hippocampal neural stem cells. The results showed that miR-103-3p suppressed neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and promoted apoptosis. In addition, miR-103-3p negatively regulated NudE neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1 (Ndel1) expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of Ndel1. Transduction of neural stem cells with a lentiviral vector overexpressing Ndel1 significantly increased cell proliferation and differentiation, decreased neural stem cell apoptosis, and decreased protein expression levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin, phosphor-GSK-3β, LEF1, c-myc, c-Jun, and cyclin D1, all members of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Ndel1 is a novel miR-103-3p target and that miR-103-3p acts by suppressing neural stem cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis and differentiation. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Nantong University, China (approval No. 20200826-003) on August 26, 2020., Competing Interests: None

High temperature stress occurs frequently in rice due to global warming. High-temperature hazard during the booting-flowering and grain-filling stages is one of the major factors limiting rice yield and quality. Here, we summarized the occurrence characteristics (identification, classification, region, and time) of high-temperature hazards, and the effects of high temperature on rice growth and development, including physiology, grain yield, and grain quality. Furthermore, we reviewed molecular biology aspects including quantitative trait locus mapping, transcriptome analysis, proteome analysis, and the monitoring, early warning, risk assessment of high-temperature hazards in rice. The defensive measures against high temperature in rice including selecting heat-resistant varieties, improving field management practices and spraying exogenous substances were intensively described. Finally, future research work on high-temperature hazards in rice was prospected to provide the scientific support for rice high-temperature defense, agricultural disaster reduction, and agricultural efficiency improvement.

Growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is an anti-oncogene that has been extensively studied in tumors. However, research on GAS5 in the context of nervous system disease is rare at present. This study aimed to investigate the role of the long non-coding RNA GAS5 in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells). GAS5-overexpressing lentivirus was transfected into PC12 cells, and expression levels of GAS5 and C-myc were detected by real-time PCR. Ratios of cells in S phase were detected by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the immunoreactivity of neuron microtubule markers Tuj1, doublecortin, and microtubule-associated protein 2. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, while expression of acetylcholine in cells was detected by western blot assay. We found that GAS5 can promote PC12 cells to differentiate into Tuj1-positive neuron-like cells with longer processes. In addition, cell proliferation and cell cycle were significantly suppressed by GAS5, whereas it had no effect on apoptosis of PC12 cells. Our results indicate that GAS5 could increase the expression of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine release. Thus, we speculate that GAS5 is beneficial to the recovery of neurons and the cholinergic nervous system., Competing Interests: None

Aim: To evaluate effects of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO(-)) on lung injury following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rats., Methods: A rat model of intestinal ischemia was made by clamping superior mesenteric artery and lung injury was resulted from reperfusion. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation (Sham), 2 h ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion (IR) and IR pretreated with aminoguanidine (AG) - an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 15 minutes before reperfusion (IR+AG). The lung malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrate/nitrite (NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-)) contents and morphological changes were examined. Western blot was used to detect the iNOS protein expression. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the change of nitrotyrosine (NT)- a specific "footprint" of ONOO(-)., Results: The morphology revealed evidence for lung edema, hemorrhage and polymorphonuclear sequestration after intestinal IR. Compared with sham group, lung contents of MDA and NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) in IR group were significantly increased (12.00+/-2.18 vs 23.44+/-1.25 and 76.39+/-6.08 vs 140.40+/-4.34, P<0.01) and the positive signals of iNOS and NT were also increased in the lung. Compared with IR group, the contents of MDA and NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) in IR+AG group were significantly decreased (23.44+/-1.25 vs 14.66+/-1.66 and 140.40+/-4.34 vs 80.00+/-8.56, P<0.01) and NT staining was also decreased., Conclusion: Intestinal IR increases NO and ONOO(-) production in the lung, which may be involved in intestinal IR-mediated lung injury.

To investigate the role of endogenous heme oxygenase (HO)/carbon monoxide (CO) system in the lung injury as assessed by lung histology, polymorphonuclear count, malondialdehyde content and wet-to-dry weight ratio following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of hind limbs, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), an inhibitor of HO activity, was used, and the lung HO activity and blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level were measured. The results showed that HO activity and COHb level were increased significantly and lung injury occurred after limb I/R. After administration of ZnPP, the lung injury was further aggravated while the HO activity and COHb level were significantly decreased. These findings suggest that upregulation of HO activity followed by subsequent CO production attenuates the lung injury induced by limb I/R in rats.