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Background: The associations of muscle mass and strength with new-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain controversial. We aimed to longitudinally evaluate muscle mass and strength in predicting T2DM among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Methods: We enrolled 6033 participants aged ≥ 45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a cohort survey, between 2011 and 2012. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass (normalized by weight, ASM/BW%), relative hand grip strength (normalized by weight, HGS/BW), and five-repetition chair stand test (5CST). were all categorized into tertiles (lowest, middle, and highest groups) at baseline, respectively. Individuals were followed up until the occurrence of diabetes or the end of CHARLS 2018, whichever happened first. Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and mediation analysis were used. Results: During follow-up, 815 (13.5%) participants developed T2DM. After adjusting for covariates, lower ASW/BW% was not associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Compared with individuals in the highest tertile of HGS/BW, those in the lowest tertile had 1.296 (95%CI 1.073–1.567) higher risk of diabetes. Compared with individuals in the lowest tertile of 5CST, those in the highest tertile had 1.329 times (95%CI 1.106–1.596) higher risk of diabetes. By subgroup, both the lowest HGS/BW and highest 5CST were risk factors for diabetes among obesity. The mediation analysis revealed that the effect of HGS/BW on the risk of diabetes is mainly mediated by insulin resistance. Conclusions: Lower muscle strength is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, especially in obese populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly recognized for their association with oxidative stress, which leads to progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons, manifesting in cognitive and motor impairments. This study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective role of peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) in counteracting oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage, a key pathological feature of neurodegeneration. Methods: We investigated the impact of Prx II deficiency on endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction using HT22 cell models with knocked down and overexpressed Prx II. We observed alcohol-treated HT22 cells using transmission electron microscopy and monitored changes in the length of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and their contact with endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria contact sites (EMCSs). Additionally, RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were conducted to identify the role of Prx II in regulating mitochondrial transport and the formation of EMCSs. Results: Our results indicated that Prx II preserves mitochondrial integrity by facilitating the formation of EMCSs, which are essential for maintaining mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Further, we identified a novel regulatory axis involving Prx II, the transcription factor ATF3, and miR-181b-5p, which collectively modulate the expression of Armcx3, a protein implicated in mitochondrial transport. Our findings underscore the significance of Prx II in protecting neuronal cells from alcohol-induced oxidative damage and suggest that modulating the Prx II-ATF3-miR-181b-5p pathway may offer a promising therapeutic strategy against neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusions: This study not only expands our understanding of the cytoprotective mechanisms of Prx II but also offers necessary data for developing targeted interventions to bolster mitochondrial resilience in neurodegenerative conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dryopteris jinpingensis, a new species of diploid, sexually reproductive ferns of Dryopteridaceae from Yunnan, southwestern China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, D. jinpingensis is similar to D. gaoligongensis but unique in elongated lanceolate laminae, sessile or subsessile pinna stalks, and overlapping membranous scales adnate to stipe base. Phylogenetic analyses based on both plastome and the nuclear AK1 gene sequences showed that D. jinpingensis is sister to D. gaoligongensis. A detailed taxonomic description with line drawings is provided, and its conservation status is evaluated to be critically endangered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lessertia frutescens is a perennial shrub of commercial importance in South Africa, but the scarcity of plant resources has limited current product production. In this study, to provide an alternative approach for obtaining L. frutescens material, adventitious roots (ARs) were induced from sterilized seedlings and cultured in a suspension culture system. During this process, selection tests were conducted to find a suitable auxin and its concentration for AR induction and a suitable basal medium for AR growth and metabolite accumulation; a kinetic study was then performed to constructure kinetic models. The results showed that compared to other auxins and concentrations, indole-3-butyric acid at 3 mg/L was suitable for increasing the number and length of ARs during AR induction. In AR suspension culture, Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) was better than other basal media, and the maximum AR fresh (86.9 g/L) or dry weight (5.5 g/L), total triterpenoid saponin (92.6 mg/g DW), and polysaccharide (114.7 mg/g DW) contents were determined in the 1.5×SH medium. In addition, AR biomass and metabolite contents reached the maximum on day 42. The kinetic models for AR growth and triterpenoid and polysaccharide production were constructed, providing the basis for further optimization of culture conditions and large-scale culture. • Auxin type and concentration affected AR induction and 3 mg/L IBA was most suitable. • The 1.5×SH basal medium was advantageous for AR suspension culture. • The most suitable time for harvesting ARs was 42 days of suspension culture. • The kinetic models of AR growth and metabolite production were successfully constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin (MT) on the expression patterns of lncRNA, mRNA and miRNA in Liaoning cashmere goat (LCG) skin fibroblasts. A quantity of 200 ng L -1 MT (MT group) stimulated LCG skin fibroblasts for 48 h, and RNA sequencing was conducted with the control group (Con group) (n=3). The ceRNA network was constructed by bioinformatics analysis of the sequencing data and transmission electron microscopy observation of coated pits and endocytic vesicles. In this study, the results indicated that MT treatment significantly facilitated the proliferation of LCG skin fibroblasts and increased the number of coated pits and vesicles. A total of 775 mRNAs, 57 lncRNAs and 10 miRNAs had differential expression, as indicated by RNA sequencing of skin fibroblasts administrated on the MT group and Con group. The regulatory network of ceRNA was studied, and the results suggested that inositol phosphate metabolism, the cGMP–PKG signaling pathway, endocytosis and other pathways played a certain role in the growth and development of the LCG cashmere. Moreover, the key genes (e.g., CREB1, PIK3C3, AGAP3, MEF2A, ASAP2, IRAG1, PNISR, PIP5K1A, SRSF11, ZRANB2, RBM39 and CBL) were regulated by chi-miR-34c-5p, chi-miR-34c-3p and chi-miR-195-5p. The above mRNAs were competitively bound by 15 lncRNAs (e.g., MSTRG.28630.12, MSTRG.28660.14, MSTRG.28099.7). And through dual luciferase and other experiments, it was further confirmed that PIP5K1A is the target gene of miR-34c-5p. This finding provides new insights into the molecular mechanism by which melatonin promotes villi growth in cashmere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt 5,15-diazaporphyrin as a novel molecular catalyst immobilized onto carbon nanotubes was developed for highly efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO with a faradaic efficiency above 99% at −0.7 V and −0.8 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode. Compared to cobalt phthalocyanine, the decrease in electronegative nitrogen atoms at the meso position effectively increases the electron density of the central metal, making it easier to react with Lewis acid CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continued spread of Candida auris in healthcare facilities has increased the demand for widely available screening to aid in containment and inform treatment options. Current methods of detection can be unreliable and require bulky and expensive instruments to lyse and identify fungal pathogens. Here, we present a quick, low-cost, instrument-free method for lysis of C. auris suitable for streamlined sample processing with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Chemical, thermal, and bead beating lysis techniques were evaluated for lysis performance and compatibility with nucleic acid extraction and downstream PCR reactions. Using only 10 s of manual shaking with glass beads, this method demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of C. auris at 500 colony forming units per mL, a 20-fold improvement compared to the LOD without manual shaking, and a 60-fold reduction in time compared to common fungal lysis kits, all while maintaining repeatability and reproducibility across multiple users. This work highlights a simple method for increasing sensitivity and reducing turnaround time of PCR-based C. auris detection and exhibits promise for integration into point-of-care platforms towards real-time triage of colonized patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing experiments have found a new intergenic lncRNA activated by melatonin, which is called lncRNA MTC. However, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA MTC in Liaoning Cashmere goat skin fibroblasts has not been clarified. Specific knockdown of lncRNA MTC inhibits cell proliferation and increases apoptosis. iTRAQ reagent was used for relative and absolute quantification of proteins in lncRNA MTC-KD and NC groups to evaluate changes in protein expression during dermal fibroblast development following lncRNA MTC deletion. A total of 5931 proteins were found in Liaoning Cashmere goat skin fibroblasts, of which 123 were differentially expressed, including 32 up-regulated proteins and 91 down-regulated proteins. Of the 91 down-regulated proteins, 32 act mainly through related pathways (e.g., cell cycle, mitochondrial function, ribosomal structure, vesicular transport, cytoskeletal components and skin morphogenesis). LncRNA MTC facilitates the proliferation of Liaoning Cashmere goat skin fibroblasts by regulating ITGB5, TlN2, CTSS, POLG, RAP1B, CHAF1A, CDCA8 and other proteins involved in cell proliferation. The results of this study provide some candidate proteins for the in-depth investigation of the molecular mechanism of lncRNA MTC, which facilitates hair growth in cashmere goats and provides more insights into their regulatory networks and biochemical pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the accumulation of leukocytes and inflammatory mediators within the synovial tissue. Leukocyte counts are proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of RA. However, the causality remains unclear. To investigate the causal relationship between various leukocytes and RA by implementing two-sample univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) and multivariable MR. MR analysis was performed using respective genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for the exposure traits (eosinophil counts, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, monocyte counts, basophil counts, and white blood cell counts) and outcome trait (RA). Summary statistics for leukocytes were extracted from the Blood Cell Consortium meta-analysis and INTERVAL studies. Public GWAS information for RA included 14,361 cases and 43,923 controls. Inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and multivariable MR analyses were performed in MR analysis. Univariable MR found elevated eosinophil counts (OR 1.580, 95% CI 1.389–2.681, p = 1.30 × 10–7) significantly increased the risk of RA. Multivariable MR further confirmed that eosinophil counts were a risk factor for RA. Increased eosinophils were associated with higher risk of RA. Further elucidations of the causality and mechanisms underlying are likely to identify feasible interventions to promote RA prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal hybrid terpenoid saccharides constitute a new and growing family of natural products with significant biomedical and agricultural activities. One representative family is the cosmosporasides, which feature oxidized terpenoid units and saccharide moieties; however, the assembly line of these building blocks has been elusive. Herein, a cos cluster from Fusarium orthoceras was discovered for the synthesis of cosmosporaside C (1) by genome mining. A UbiA family intramembrane prenyltransferase (UbiA‐type PT), a multifunctional cytochrome P450, an α,β‐hydrolase, an acetyltransferase, a dimethylallyl transferase (DMAT‐type PT) and a glycosyltransferase function cooperatively in the assembly of the scaffold of 1 using primary central metabolites. The absolute configuration at C4, C6 and C7 of 1 was also established. Our work clarifies the unexpected functions of UbiA‐type and DMAT‐type PTs and provides an example for understanding the synthetic logic of hybrid terpenoid saccharides in fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal hybrid terpenoid saccharides constitute a new and growing family of natural products with significant biomedical and agricultural activities. One representative family is the cosmosporasides, which feature oxidized terpenoid units and saccharide moieties; however, the assembly line of these building blocks has been elusive. Herein, a cos cluster from Fusarium orthoceras was discovered for the synthesis of cosmosporaside C (1) by genome mining. A UbiA family intramembrane prenyltransferase (UbiA‐type PT), a multifunctional cytochrome P450, an α,β‐hydrolase, an acetyltransferase, a dimethylallyl transferase (DMAT‐type PT) and a glycosyltransferase function cooperatively in the assembly of the scaffold of 1 using primary central metabolites. The absolute configuration at C4, C6 and C7 of 1 was also established. Our work clarifies the unexpected functions of UbiA‐type and DMAT‐type PTs and provides an example for understanding the synthetic logic of hybrid terpenoid saccharides in fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying essential targets in the genome-scale metabolic networks of cancer cells is a time-consuming process. The present study proposed a fuzzy hierarchical optimization framework for identifying essential genes, metabolites and reactions. On the basis of four objectives, the present study developed a framework for identifying essential targets that lead to cancer cell death and evaluating metabolic flux perturbations in normal cells that have been caused by cancer treatment. Through fuzzy set theory, a multiobjective optimization problem was converted into a trilevel maximizing decision-making (MDM) problem. We applied nested hybrid differential evolution to solve the trilevel MDM problem to identify essential targets in genome-scale metabolic models for five consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) of colorectal cancer. We used various media to identify essential targets for each CMS and discovered that most targets affected all five CMSs and that some genes were CMS-specific. We obtained experimental data on the lethality of cancer cell lines from the DepMap database to validate the identified essential genes. The results reveal that most of the identified essential genes were compatible with the colorectal cancer cell lines obtained from DepMap and that these genes, with the exception of EBP, LSS, and SLC7A6, could generate a high level of cell death when knocked out. The identified essential genes were mostly involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolisms, and the glycerophospholipid biosynthetic pathway. The genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway were also revealed to be determinable, if a cholesterol uptake reaction was not induced when the cells were in the culture medium. However, the genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway became non-essential if such a reaction was induced. Furthermore, the essential gene CRLS1 was revealed as a medium-independent target for all CMSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a time‐dependent treatment with a narrow therapeutic time window, in which the time delay could result from the deadline effect. Methods: One hospital‐based cohort was recruited to detect the factors contributing to the deadline effect, where patients with the deadline effect were defined as those who were presented with the onset‐to‐door time (ODT) in the first 50%, while the door‐to‐needle time (DNT) was in the last quartile. DNT (in‐hospital delay) was further subdivided into several time intervals [door‐to‐examination time (DET), door‐to‐imaging time (DIT), door‐to‐laboratory time (DLT), and decision‐making time (DMT) of the patients or their proxies. Results: A total of 186 IVT cases were enrolled, of which 17.2% (32/186) suffered a delay of the deadline effect. The median age was 66 years, and 35.5% were female. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups (all p >.05). For the comparisons of the time intervals, DIT (26 versus 15 min, p =.001) was significantly longer in the group with deadline effect, while the differences of DET, DLT, DMT, and ONT did not reach statistical significance (all p >.05). Upon multivariable adjustment in the binary logistic regression model, longer DIT [odds ratio (OR), 1.076; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.036–1.118; p <.001], and history of coronary heart disease (OR, 3.898; 95%CI, 1.415–10.735; p =.008) were independently associated with deadline effect in the binary logistic regression model, while admitted in the working day (OR, 0.674; 95%CI, 0.096–0.907; p =.033), and having medical insurance (OR, 0.350; 95% CI, 0.132–0.931; p =.035) were negatively associated with the deadline effect. Conclusions: A speed‐safety tradeoff phenomenon from the deadline effect was observed in 17.2% of IVT cases during the COVID‐19 pandemic, where longer DIT contributed a lot to this time delay. Patients without medical insurance, or admitted in official holidays were more likely to experience a delay of the deadline effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes containing various biological cargoes have potential to be novel diagnostic biomarkers for metabolic diseases. In this study, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) was found to be enriched in serum exosomes, and its increased levels could be considered as an independent risk factor for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Exosomal RBP4 (exo-RBP4), primarily derived from hepatocytes, significantly enhanced the M1-like polarization of Kupffer cells (KCs) via promoting the activation of NOX2 and NF-κB and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, resulting in the over-production of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α. Subsequently, those excess cytokines remarkably increased the levels of intracellular free fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis-related genes (FAS and SREBP-1c) but decreased fatty acid degradation-related genes (CPT-1 and PPARα) in palmitic acid-treated LO2 cells. More notably, TNF-α significantly elevated RBP4 transcription by activating STAT3 in hepatocytes, playing a positive role in NAFLD development. Intravenous injection with RBP4 (50 μg/kg) potentiated hepatic lipid accumulation, M1-type KC proportion, and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hepatic tissues of high-fat-diet-fed mice. Collectively, these data indicated that exo-RBP4 converted KCs to M1 subtype by mediating the NOX2/ROS/NF-κB pathway, subsequently promoting de novo lipogenesis in hepatocytes by TNF-α secretion to activate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, this study uncovered a novel intercellular communication between the inflammatory microenvironment and lipid metabolism for fostering NAFLD progression and found the potential of exo-RBP4 as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NAFLD. [Display omitted] • Elevated peripheral exo-RBP4 levels were closely correlation with NAFLD progression. • Exo-RBP4 induced M1 polarization of Kupffer cells via activating NOX2/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway. • Elevated TNF-α promoted RBP4 transcription by activating STAT3 in hepatocytes. • Exo-RBP4 had potential as a new diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NAFLD. • The study displayed a novel intercellular communication for fostering NAFLD progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paired electrolysis coupling the reduction of CO2 to value‐added molecules like HCOOH with the oxidation of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is one promising strategy of great economic and environmental benefits. Herein, a Ni(OH)2 anode for the selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA was fabricated, revealing the significant part of the membrane in electrocatalytic procedure. With the FDCA product as a di‐carboxylic acid ligand, one new bismuth‐based metal‐organic framework material was synthesized, which is capable of catalyzing the reduction of CO2 to HCOOH with over 95 % Faradaic efficiency (FE) and an average current density of 19.6 mA cm−2 at −1.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). With this inner relationship, paired electrolysis was conducted with cathodic potential fixed at −1.2 V vs. RHE, producing the HCOOH with 95.6 % FE and FDCA with 75 % FE in one single electrolyzer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study explores the meaning of life and end-of-life coping strategies among patients in China with advanced lung cancer. We conducted in-depth interviews with 21 hospitalized patients with advanced lung cancer and analysed the data using the 7-step Colaizzi method. The analysis revealed themes in patients' experiences and feelings about living with a terminal illness. These include: 1) The core of the meaning of life is "self-iteration," which includes self-recognition and cherishing life; 2) The existence form of the meaning of life is "yu-wei," including self-reliance and altruism; 3) The meaning of life is embodied in three levels: the past, present, and future. The past includes gratitude, guilt and remorse, and avoidance; the present includes using the support system, positive response, independence, and integrity; the future includes accompanying relatives, preparing for death, living a high quality of life, and worrying. Meaning of life is a multidimensional and diverse concept among patients with advanced lung cancer. Medical care providers and family members can provide targeted professional guidance and psychological support according to patients' characteristics to help them discover their meaning of life, improve their quality of life, and achieve a positive end-of-life perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the genes related to the Downy growth of Liaoning cashmere goats were screened for their expression with simultaneous melatonin administration, so as to investigate the effects of target genes on the proliferation of skin fibroblasts in this animal species. Genes related to the villus growth of skin fibroblasts were screened by in vitro transcriptome sequencing and verified by qPCR. In addition, gene overexpression and interference were used to study the effects of target genes on the proliferation of skin fibroblasts. Groups treated with M1_24H, M2_24H and M2_72H exhibited significant differences compared with the control group. Among them, the differentially expressed transcripts in the M2_72H group were significantly enriched in the TNF and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, which are associated with the villus. In addition, eight differentially expressed genes were screened from the TNF and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Verification by qPCR showed that the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, TNFAIP3, PYCARD and NFKBIA genes were significantly upregulated, which was consistent with the sequencing results. Melatonin treatments can significantly lead to an increase in the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α genes. Besides, melatonin treatments can affect cashmere growth in Liaoning cashmere goats by regulating several signaling pathways, including TNF, NOD-like receptor and NF-κB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) is one promising method for storing intermittent clean energy in chemical bonds and producing fuels. Among various kinds of catalysts for ECO2RR, molecular metal complexes with well‐defined structures are convenient for studies of their rational design, structure–reactivity relationships, and mechanisms. In this Review, we summarize the molecular engineering of several N‐based metal complexes including Re/Mn bipyridine compounds and metal macrocycles, concluding with general modification strategies to devise novel molecular catalysts with high intrinsic activity. Through physical adsorption, covalent linking, and formation of a periodic backbone, these active molecules can be heterogenized into immobilized catalysts with more practical prospects. Finally, significant challenges and opportunities based on molecular catalysts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polypodiales suborder Dennstaedtiineae contain a single family Dennstaedtiaceae, eleven genera, and about 270 species, and include some groups that were previously placed in Dennstaedtiaceae, Hypolepidaceae, Monachosoraceae, and Pteridaceae. The classification and phylogenetic relationships among these eleven genera have been poorly understood. To explore the deep relationships within suborder Dennstaedtiineae and estimate the early diversification of this morphologically heterogeneous group, we analyzed complete plastomes of 57 samples representing all eleven genera of suborder Dennstaedtiineae using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Results: The phylogenetic relationships of all the lineages in the bracken fern family Dennstaedtiaceae were well resolved with strong support values. All six genera of Hypolepidoideae were recovered as forming a monophyletic group with full support, and Pteridium was fully supported as sister to all the other genera in Hypolepidoideae. Dennstaedtioideae (Dennstaedtia s.l.) fell into four clades with full support: the Microlepia clade, the northern Dennstaedtia clade, the Dennstaedtia globulifera clade, and the Dennstaedtia s.s. clade. Monachosorum was strongly resolved as sister to all the remaining genera of suborder Dennstaedtiineae. Based on the well resolved relationships among genera, the divergence between Monachosorum and other groups of suborder Dennstaedtiineae was estimated to have occurred in the Early Cretaceous, and all extant genera (and clades) in Dennstaedtiineae, were inferred to have diversified since the Late Oligocene. Conclusion: This study supports reinstating a previously published family Monachosoraceae as a segregate from Dennstaedtiaceae, based on unique morphological evidence, the shady habitat, and the deep evolutionary divergence from its closest relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate predictive value of CT-based radiomics features on visceral pleural invasion (VPI) in ≤3.0 cm peripheral type early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A total of 221 NSCLC cases were collected. Among them, 115 are VPI-positive and 106 are VPI-negative. Using a stratified random sampling method, 70% cases were assigned to training dataset (n = 155) and 30% cases (n = 66) were assigned to validation dataset. First, CT findings, imaging features, clinical data and pathological findings were retrospectively analyzed, the size, location and density characteristics of nodules and lymph node status, the relationship between lesions and pleura (RAP) were assessed, and their mean CT value and the shortest distance between lesions and pleura (DLP) were measured. Next, the minimum redundancy-maximum relevance (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) features were extracted from the imaging features. Then, CT imaging prediction model, texture feature prediction model and joint prediction model were built using multifactorial logistic regression analysis method, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was applied to evaluate model performance in predicting VPI. RESULTS: Mean diameter, density, fractal relationship with pleura, and presence of lymph node metastasis were all independent predictors of VPI. When applying to the validation dataset, the CT imaging model, texture feature model, and joint prediction model yielded AUC = 0.882, 0.824 and 0.894, respectively, indicating that AUC of the joint prediction model was the highest (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that the joint prediction model containing CT morphological features and texture features enables to predict the presence of VPI in early NSCLC preoperatively at the highest level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) is one promising method for storing intermittent clean energy in chemical bonds and producing fuels. Among various kinds of catalysts for ECO2RR, molecular metal complexes with well‐defined structures are convenient for studies of their rational design, structure–reactivity relationships, and mechanisms. In this Review, we summarize the molecular engineering of several N‐based metal complexes including Re/Mn bipyridine compounds and metal macrocycles, concluding with general modification strategies to devise novel molecular catalysts with high intrinsic activity. Through physical adsorption, covalent linking, and formation of a periodic backbone, these active molecules can be heterogenized into immobilized catalysts with more practical prospects. Finally, significant challenges and opportunities based on molecular catalysts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Present study aimed to illustrate the role of miR-144-3p in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: N1511 chondrocytes were stimulated by interleukin (IL)-1β to mimic RA injury model in vitro. Rats were subjected to injection of type II collagen to establish an in vivo RA model, and the arthritis index score was calculated. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8. The expression of cartilage extracellular matrix proteins (collagen II and aggrecan) and matrix metalloproteinase protein were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blots. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to test the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α). Tissue injury and apoptosis were detected by haematoxylin-eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling assay staining. Interaction of miR-144-3p and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) was verified by dual-luciferase assay. Results: miR-144-3p was dramatically increased in IL-1β-induced N1511 cells. miR-144-3p depletion elevated cell viability, suppressed apoptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine releasing, and extracellular matrix loss in IL-1β-induced N1511 cells. Moreover, miR-144-3p targeted BMP2 to modulate its expression negatively. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling compromised inhibition of BMP2 induced aggravated N1511 cell injury with IL-1β stimulation. Inhibition of miR-144-3p alleviated cartilage injury and inflammatory in RA rats. Conclusion: Collectively, miR-144-3p could aggravate chondrocyte injury inflammatory response in RA via BMP2/PI3K/Akt axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the regulation of the expression of genes related to chorionic villus growth by the binding of LncRNA MTC (XLOC_005914) and p65 (transcription factor p65 [Capra hircus], XP_017898873.1). In addition, the regulation of LncRNA MTC and p65 binding on the proliferation of Liaoning Cashmere Goat skin fibroblasts is investigated. The upregulation of LncRNA MTC promoted the proliferation of skin fibroblasts, and the NF-κB signaling pathway played an important role in this process. Compared with the negative control (NC group), the expression of TNFα and NFKB2(NF-κB) genes was highly significantly up-regulated (P < 0.001), and NFKBIA(IκBɑ) genes were highly significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01) after LncRNA MTC overexpression (OE group). The expression levels of TNFα and NFκB-P-p65 proteins were upregulated in the OE group; NF-κB-p65 expression levels were upregulated in the nucleus, IκBα expression levels were downregulated in the cytoplasm, and P-IκBα expression levels were upregulated. LncRNA MTC and p65 proteins were co-localized in the cells. Meanwhile, LncRNA MTC and p65 protein showed significant nucleation in the OE group. RNA pull-down and LC–MS/MS verified that p65 protein was indeed an interacting protein of LncRNA MTC. LncRNA MTC binds to p65 protein, upregulates the expression of TNFα protein, nucleates p65 protein, and activates NF-κB signaling pathway to promote the proliferation of skin fibroblasts in Liaoning Cashmere Goat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on 6D pose estimation for weakly textured targets from RGB-D images. A 6D pose estimation algorithm (DOPE++) based on a deep neural network for weakly textured objects is proposed to solve the poor real-time pose estimation and low recognition efficiency in the robot grasping process of parts with weak texture. More specifically, we first introduce the depthwise separable convolution operation to lighten the original deep object pose estimation (DOPE) network structure to improve the network operation speed. Second, an attention mechanism is introduced to improve network accuracy. In response to the low recognition efficiency of the original DOPE network for parts with occlusion relationships and the false recognition problem in recognizing parts with scales that are too large or too small, a random mask local processing method and a multiscale fusion pose estimation module are proposed. The results show that our proposed DOPE++ network improves the real-time performance of 6D pose estimation and enhances the recognition of parts at different scales without loss of accuracy. To address the problem of a single background representation of the part pose estimation dataset, a virtual dataset is constructed for data expansion to form a hybrid dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PZT 95/5 ferroelectric ceramics have been used in shock-driven pulsed-power supplies for many years; their mechanical failure under shock compression plays an important role in their applications. Multi-field coupling shock experiments have been conducted to understand such failure by measuring the interface particle velocity of the quartz buffer/window interface, and the wave evolution was analyzed with or without the existence of failure zone inner PZT 95/5. Results confirm that the delay time of the failure wave decreased with increasing the electric field, and when the electric field reaches the dielectric strength, the electrical breakdown happens, which makes the threshold stress of mechanical failure shift to the low stress (2.0 GPa) and the delay time of the failure wave decreases dramatically at high stress. The phenomena that the delay time decreases with increasing shock stress are also observed. At the same time, ferroelectric → antiferroelectric phase transformation makes it so that the delay time of the poled state is longer than that of the unpoled state, so it has the effect of phase transformation toughening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often leads to functional disabilities and deformities. MiRNA plays a vital role in cell pyroptosis. Nevertheless, the function and underlying mechanism of miR-144-3p in pyroptosis during the progression of RA remains unclear. In this study, N1511 cells were stimulated with IL-1β to construct a RA model. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to assess the cell viability. Cell pyroptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship among specific protein 1 (SP1), microRNA-144-3p (miR-144-3p), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was explored by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), respectively. The level of miR-144-3p in N1511 cells was upregulated by IL-1β. MiR-144-3p knockdown inhibited IL-1β-induced pyroptosis in N1511 cells, and the expressions of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), Cleaved caspase-1, Gasdermin D (GSDMD), and Cleaved caspase-3 in IL-1β-stimulated N1511 cells were increased. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in N1511 cells were increased by IL-1β, which were restored by miR-144-3p knockdown. MiR-144-3p knockdown abolished IL-1β-induced inactivation of putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein (Parkin) signalling. Moreover, transcription factor SP1 could upregulate miR-144-3p expression and miR-144-3p negatively regulated PTEN expression. In summary, MiR-144-3p induced by SP1 could promote IL-1β-induced chondrocyte pyroptosis via inhibiting PTEN expression and suppressing the activation of PINK1/Parkin signalling, which provided a new strategy against RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel scenario analysis framework to evaluate the collision risk of ships. • Collision risk evolution mechanism is integrated into Bayesian networks. • The influence of intelligent technologies on navigational safety is quantified. Safety is an important premise and foundation for the operation of intelligent ships. This paper introduces a novel scenario analysis framework that employs disaster system theory to produce more comprehensive results for identifying scenario elements and calculating collision risks for inland intelligent ships. The framework is utilized to investigate the collision accident risk evolution mechanism. This process is incorporated into Bayesian Network (BN) modeling for ship collisions on inland rivers. By comparing the change in occurrence probability and consequence severity of risk factors for inland ship collision accidents with and without selected intelligent technologies, the collision risk of intelligent ships is quantified. The results indicate that the application of intelligent technologies, such as ship speed optimization and situational awareness, can reduce the occurrence probability of collision accidents and mitigate the severity of their consequences. Moreover, it has been discovered that such intelligent technologies have a greater impact on accidents with severe consequences than those with minor consequences. This research provides a framework for the preliminary safety evaluation of inland intelligent ships. It is of great significance to accelerate the improvement of navigational risk prevention and response-ability of inland intelligent ships in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airway epithelial cells, the first barrier of the respiratory tract, play an indispensable role in innate immunity. Integrin β4 (ITGB4) is a structural adhesion molecule that is involved in the pathological progression of acute inflammatory diseases and is downregulated in asthmatic patients. Research has shown that endothelial ITGB4 has proinflammatory properties in acute lung injury (ALI). However, the role of epithelial ITGB4 in a murine ALI model is still unknown. This study investigated the role of ITGB4 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI. We found that ITGB4 in the airway epithelium had remarkably increased after the introduction of LPS in vivo and in vitro. Then, we constructed airway epithelial cell‐specific ITGB4 knockout (ITGB4−/−) mice to study its role in ALI. At a time point of 12 h after the tracheal injection of LPS, ITGB4−/− mice showed increased macrophages (mainly M1‐type macrophages) and neutrophil infiltration into the lungs; inflammation‐related proteins including interleukin (IL)‐6, tumor necrosis factor, and IL‐17A were significantly elevated compared to their levels in ITGB4+/+ mice. Furthermore, we investigated the role of ITGB4 in the anti‐inflammatory response. Intriguingly, in the ITGB4−/− + LPS group, we found significantly reduced expression of anti‐inflammatory factors, including IL‐10 messenger RNA (mRNA) and ARG‐1 mRNA. We also observed that monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP‐1) increased significantly both in vivo and in vitro. Airway epithelium activates macrophages, most likely driven by MCP‐1, which we confirmed in the coculture of epithelia and macrophages. These phenomena indicate that ITGB4 in airway epithelial cells plays an important role in the process of inflammation and activation of macrophages in ALI. Overall, these data demonstrated a novel link between airway epithelial ITGB4 and the inflammatory response in LPS‐induced ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate the direct economic burden of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in China for the first time. Methods: Patients who were first diagnosed with TBM from December 2015 to December 2018 in Western China Hospital were enrolled. We retrospectively collected data on demographic and clinical features, resource utilization, costs, and long‐term outcomes. The patients were followed up for 15–53 months. We performed a cost‐of‐illness study and analyzed the cost contributors with a generalized linear model. Results: In total, the cases of 154 TBM patients (95 males, 59 females, aged 14–82 years) were reviewed. The average total direct cost per person was USD (United States dollars) 9,484 (range 1,822–67,285), with a mean direct medical cost of USD 8,901 (range 1,189–67,049). The average inpatient cost and drug cost after discharge were USD 6,837 (range 845–52,921) and USD 1,967 (range 0–60,423), respectively. The mean direct nonmedical cost was USD 583 (range 33–3,817), which accounted for 6.2% of the total direct cost. The average length of stay (LOS) in hospital was 25.0 days (range 6–152). A total of 117 of the patients (76.0%) had good outcomes (mRS = 0–2). There was no significant difference in the costs, LOS, or outcomes between rural and urban patients. Contributors to total direct cost were definite TBM, fever, coma, seizures, multidrug resistance, hydrocephalus, and poor long‐term outcome. Conclusions: Although the accessibility of medical resources in remote and rural regions has significantly improved in China, the cost of TBM imposes a catastrophic burden on patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in chondrocyte growth and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). Due to the rapid metabolism, controlled release systems for TGF-β1 have attracted increasing interest recently. OBJECTIVE: In this study, a silk fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) scaffold incorporated with TGF-β1-loaded microspheres (MSs) was created for cartilage reparation. METHOD: The optimal proportion of the SF/CS composite scaffold was determined by evaluating their micromorphology and the proliferation rate of fibroblasts on the surface. Then, SF/CS/TGF-β1-loaded MS scaffolds were prepared by the adsorption method. TGF-β1 release capacity, degradation patterns, cytocompatibility and in vivo implantation were evaluted. RESULTS: The SF/CS/TGF-β1-loaded MS scaffold showed good TGF-β1 release over more than 16 days, which could sequentially stimulate chondrocyte synthetic activity. In vitro cell proliferation experiments showed the SF/CS/TGF-β1-loaded MS scaffold could promote chondrocytes adhesion, growth, proliferation and maintained the cellular morphology. An in vivo study demonstrated that a low inflammatory response was observed in rats and that the materials exhibited good biocompatibility. CONCLUSION: the results indicated that our SF/CS/TGF-β1-loaded MS scaffold constitute a promising therapeutic option for cartilage reparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprising about 82% of the extant fern species diversity, Polypodiales are generally believed to have diversified in the Late Cretaceous. We estimated the divergence times of Polypodiales using both penalized likelihood and Bayesian methods, based on a dataset consisting of 208 plastomes representing all 28 families and 14 fossil constraints reflecting current interpretations of fossil record. Our plastome phylogeny recovered the same six major lineages as a recent nuclear phylogeny, but the position of Dennstaedtiineae was different. The present phylogeny showed high resolution of relationships among the families of Polypodiales, especially among those forming the Aspleniineae. The divergence time estimates supported the most recent common ancestor of Polypodiales and its closest relative dating back to the Triassic, establishment of the major lineages in the Jurassic, and a likely accelerated radiation during the late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. The estimated divergence patterns of Polypodiales and angiosperms converge to a scenario in which their main lineages were established simultaneously shortly before the onset of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, and further suggest a pre‐Cretaceous hidden history for both lineages. The pattern of simultaneous diversifications shown here elucidate an important gap in our understanding of the Terrestrial Revolution that shaped today's ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study was conducted to explore the relationship between mobile phone addiction, work procrastination, and burnout among newly graduated nurses. Design and Methods: A cross‐sectional survey involving 220 newly graduated nurses in China was conducted from June to July 2020. Findings: Approximately 60.9% of newly graduated nurses experienced occupational burnout; 72.7% of newly graduated nurses were characterized by moderate or greater procrastination and mobile phone addiction was at a moderate level. Mobile phone addiction and work procrastination were significant factors leading to emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Work procrastination was also an independent predictor of reduced professional efficacy. Practice Implications: Reducing the level of mobile phone addiction and work procrastination among newly graduated nurses might be effective for burnout prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To date, many efforts have been made to understand the resistance mechanism of trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast and gastric cancer. However, there is still a huge unmet medical need for patients with trastuzumab resistance. Methods: In our study, we generated four trastuzumab-resistant (HR) cancer cell lines from ERBB2-amplified gastric and biliary tract cancer cell lines (SNU-216, NCI-N87, SNU-2670, and SNU-2773). Results: Here, we found higher PD-L1 expression in trastuzumab-resistant (HR) HER2-positive cancer cells than in parental cells, and blocking PD-L1 reversed the resistance to trastuzumab in HR cells. Trastuzumab upregulated PD-L1 expression via NF-κB activation in both parental and HR cells, however, led to DNA damage only in parental cells. The WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib, which downregulates PD-L1 expression, enhanced trastuzumab efficacy by blocking BRCA1-CMTM6-PD-L1 signals and the HER2-CDCP-1-SRC axis. Additionally, the levels of galectin-9, CD163, FoxP3, and CTLA-4 were diminished by blocking WEE1 in the presence of human PBMCs in vitro. Conclusion: Taken together, the strategy of co-targeting HER2 and WEE1 could overcome resistance to trastuzumab in HER2-positive cancers, supporting further clinical development in HER2-positive cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All compounds ( B 1-12 b ) were tested for cytotoxicity against HeLa, A549, and HepG2 cells. The cytotoxicity activities of all compounds ( B 1-12 b ) were evaluated on HeLa, A549, and HepG2 cells. Among them, compounds B 1 b , B 4 b , and B 12 b were isolated for the first time from the Lamiaceae family, compounds B 2 b and B 7-10 b were identified from the genus of I Dracocephalum i for the first time, and compound B 11 b was reported from the I D. moldavica i for the first time. [Extracted from the article]

The versatility of multicolor imaging of human tissues based on staining with perylene monoimide–mannose conjugates PMI-Man and co-staining with PMI-Man and eosin (P&E) was investigated for human cancer and normal tissues. Staining with PMI-Man or co-staining with PMI-Man and eosin showed a perfect histological morphology both in confocal fluorescence microscopy and light microscopy. This approach provided a universal colorful staining method for cancer tissues and normal tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is very important to accurately assess the transannular patch (TAP) in the surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The pulmonary annulus index (PAI; the actual pulmonary annulus diameter divided by the expected pulmonary annulus diameter), GA ratio (the ratio of pulmonary annulus and aortic annulus), PAAI (the ratio of pulmonary annulus cross-section and aortic annulus cross-section), and pulmonary annulus Z score (PA Z score) were compared. This study aimed to analyze and explore the application value of PAI in predicting the need for TAP in children undergoing TOF repair.Methods: In total, 130 patients who were diagnosed with TOF and underwent TOF repair in Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively studied. In total, 112 cases were included in this study and 18 cases were excluded, of which 16 cases were aged above 18 years and 2 cases suffered from Down syndrome. They were divided into TAP group and no TAP group; the values of the pulmonary annulus and aortic annulus were measured. GA ratio, PAI, PAAI, the pulmonary annulus Z score, and main pulmonary artery (MPA) Z score were calculated to perform statistical analysis.Results: A total of 112 patients were included in the study, aged 4-177 months, with an average of 22.87 ± 30.21 months; 66 males and 46 females; weighing 5.3-29 kg, with an average of 9.94 ± 4.08 kg; three cases died, one case died of sepsis caused by pulmonary infection, one case died of low cardiac output syndrome, and one case died of multiple organ failure. In total, 62 cases (55.8%) did not undergo TAP and 50 cases (44.2%) underwent TAP. The pulmonary annulus Z score, main pulmonary artery Z score, and PAI in the TAP group were smaller than those in the no TAP group (p < .05). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed that when the cut-off value of pulmonary annulus was -1.98, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88, the sensitivity was 80%, and the specificity was 71%; when the cut-off value of PAI was 0.53, AUC was 0.85, the sensitivity was 75%, and the specificity was 80%; when the cut-off value of GA ratio was 0.55, AUC was 0.85, the sensitivity was 76%, and the specificity was 80%. The area under the PAAI curve was 0.85, the sensitivity was 76%, and the specificity was 79%. When the pulmonary valve Z score, PAI, GA ratio, PAAI, and MPA Z score were all greater than the dividing value, TAP was avoided in more than 90% of children with TOF. When the pulmonary valve Z score, PAI, GA ratio, PAAI, and the main pulmonary artery Z score were all below the dividing value, more than 90% of children with TOF needed TAP.Conclusion: The predictive effect of PAI as a simple and effective predictor of TAP in TOF radical operation is the same as that of pulmonary annulus Z score, and combining it with the main pulmonary artery Z score was the most accurate method of prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of locating the ulnar nerve compression sites and guiding the small incision so as to decompress the ulnar nerve in situ on the elbow by high‐frequency ultrasound before operation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 patients who underwent ultrasound‐assisted in situ decompression for cubital tunnel syndrome from May 2018 to August 2019. The patients' average age was 51.13 ± 7.35 years, mean duration of symptoms was 6.51 ± 1.96 months, and mean postoperative follow‐up was 6.07 ± 0.82 months. Nine patients had Dellon's stage mild, 39 had stage moderate, and eight had stage severe. Ultrasound and electromyography were completed in all patients before operation. The presence of ulnar nerve compressive lesion, the specific location, and the reason and extent of compression were determined by ultrasound. A small incision in situ surgery was given to decompress the ulnar nerve according to the pre‐defined compressive sites. Results: All patients underwent in situ decompression. The compression sites around the elbow were as follows: two in the arcade of Struthers, one in the medial intermuscular septum, four in the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle, five beside the cyst of the proximal flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and the remaining 44 cases were all from the compression between Osborne's ligament to the two heads of the FCU. The compression localizations diagnosed by ultrasound were confirmed by operations. Preoperative ultrasound confirmed no ulnar nerve subluxation in all cases. The postoperative outcomes were satisfactory. There was no recurrence or aggravation of symptoms in this group of patients according to the modified Bishop scoring system; results showed that 43 cases were excellent, 10 were good, and three were fair. Conclusions: High‐frequency ultrasound can accurately and comprehensively evaluate the ulnar nerve compression and the surrounding tissues, thus providing significant guidance for the precise minimally invasive treatment of ulnar nerve compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new ursane-type triterpenoid, 20-taraxastene-22α-methoxy-3β-ol (1) together with nine known triterpenoids (2–10), was isolated from the leaves of Rhododendron dauricum L. Their structures were established from spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS) and comparison with reported values. Among the isolates, compounds 1 and 8 were found in the family Ericaceae for the first time, and compounds 5, 6, and 10 from this species for the first time. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cells; compound 1 exhibited better cytotoxic activity against A549, HeLa, and SK-Hep1 cells than the other compounds with IC50 values of 34.04 ± 1.01, 64.04 ± 1.75, and 44.04 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E‐DRS is a novel salvianolic acid A (SAA) analog, which was synthesized from resveratrol (RES) and methyldopate. Its structure is similar to that of SAA, but the 3′,4′‐dihydroxy‐trans‐stilbene group and the ester structure in SAA were replaced by the RES structure and an amine group, respectively. E‐DRS scavenged free oxygen radicals effectively, including superoxide anion (ascorbic acid > E‐DRS > SAA ≥ rutin > RES) and DPPH radical (rutin > E‐DRS ≥ ascorbic acid > SAA > RES), and exhibited powerful total antioxidant capacity (ascorbic acid > E‐DRS > SAA ≥ rutin > RES) in vitro. Furthermore, oral administration of E‐DRS dose‐dependently and significantly decreased CCl4‐induced oxidative stress in mice as indicated by the decreased content of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, oral administration of E‐DRS also increased the content of nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of mice. All these results demonstrated that E‐DRS had good antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo, and could be a potential antioxidant agent after further optimization and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of triphenylamine and π-bridge minimally affect the complete reaction process. For the light emitters, the injection abilities of hole and electron can be largely improved by introduction of triphenylamine and π-bridge, meanwile, the absorption and emission spectra appeared at longer wavelengths. [Display omitted] • The oxygenation reaction occurs through the triplet state PES, firstly. • After intersysterm crossing, dioxetanone formed along singlet diradical state PES. • Efficient chemiexcitation is associated with decomposition of neutral dioxetanone. • Triphenylamine and π-Bridge produce a bathochromic emission spectrum. • The hole and electron injection abilities can be largely improved. As light emitter of most marine organisms bioluminescence, coelenteramide (CLM) received much attention due to some exciting application in the field of bioinspired organic light-emitting devices (OLED). Nevertheless, native CLM only emit bright blue light. In order to obtain light of different colors, two CLM analogues, TPA-CLM and TPA-TP-CLM were designed by introduction of triphenylamine group and (thiophene) π-bridge. On the other hand, because the light emitter, CLM was produced by the chemical reaction which originates from the oxidation of bioluminescent substrate, coelenterazine (CLZ), it must be evaluated if and how substituent group tune the chemiluminescent (CL) reaction mechanism, firstly. In this article, the complete chemiluminescent reaction mechanism of TPA-CLZ and TPA-TP-CLZ and the photophysical properties of light emitters, TPA-CLM and TPA-TP-CLM were investigated by (time-dependent) density functional theory, (TD) DFT calculations. The calculations indicate that the introduction of triphenylamine and π-bridge minimally affect the complete reaction process. For the light emitters, TPA-CLM and TPA-TP-CLM, the calculation results indicate that the injection abilities of hole and electron can be largely improved by introduction of triphenylamine and π-bridge. The absorption and emission spectra appeared at longer wavelengths than native CLM. These results illustrate that TPA-CLM and TPA-TP-CLM are good candidates for bioinspired OLED application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results indicated that among the test compounds B 1-6 b , compounds B 1 b and B 3-6 b exhibited moderate antifungal activity against I F. solani i with MIC value 64 g/mL, while compound B 5 b also exhibited moderate antifungal activity against I P. cucumerina i and I A. panax i with MIC value 64 g/mL. Fraction 3 was separated by gel chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 (MeOH) and further separated by silica gel CC, eluting with petroleum ether (PE)-ethyl acetate (1:1) to obtain compounds B 5 b (6 mg) and B 6 b (5 mg). In the course of searching for antibiotics from the genus I Streptomyces i [[6]], strain YIM PH20103 exhibited antifungal activities against some phytopathogenic fungi of root-rot diseases of I Panax notoginseng i . [Extracted from the article]

Apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells is involved in the pathogenesis of type I and II diabetes. Peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) serves an important role in regulating cellular apoptosis; however, the role of Prx I in pancreatic β-cell apoptosis is not completely understood. In the present study, the role of peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx I) during streptozotocin (STZ)-induced apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells was investigated. The expression level of Prx I was decreased by STZ treatment in a time-dependent manner, and apoptosis of Prx I knockdown MIN6 cells was increased by STZ stimulation, compared with untransduced MIN6 cells. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal injection of STZ increased pancreatic islet damage in Prx I knockout mice, compared with wild-type and Prx II knockout mice. AKT and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β phosphorylation significantly decreased following Prx I knockdown in MIN6 cells. However, phosphorylated β-catenin and p65 levels significantly increased after STZ stimulation, compared with untransduced cells. The results of the present study indicate that deletion of Prx I mediated STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell death in vivo and in vitro by regulating the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, as well as NF-κB signaling. These findings provide a theoretical basis for treatment of pancreatic damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: No studies have been performed to examine the association of sexual activity and pelvic floor muscle (PFM) morphology or function during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to survey the frequency of sexual intercourse and examine the associations between the frequency of sexual intercourse and the PFM morphology in pregnant women of mainland China. The relationship between sexual intercourse frequency and stress urinary incontinence (SUI)-related symptoms was also evaluated. Methods: Pregnant women in their first or second trimester were enrolled from January 2017 and November 2017. The morphology of the PFM was examined by transperineal ultrasound, and SUI-related symptoms were assessed by the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Multivariable regression analyses were used to estimate coefficients [95% confidence intervals (CI)] with adjustment for the possible effects of cofounders. Results: In total, 323 pregnant women (mean age, 29.66 ± 4.32 years) were included in the analysis. Almost 49% of the women had no sexual intercourse during pregnancy. Compared with pregnant women who had no sexual intercourse, those who had sexual intercourse more than once a month had stronger LA th at rest (β = 0.59, P = 0.004 for two or three times per month; β = 0.59, P = 0.044 for weekly or more). No significant relationship was found between the frequency of sexual intercourse and any ICIQ-SF-related items. Conclusions: Chinese women had inactive sexual intercourse during pregnancy. There is a slight association between increased sexual intercourse frequency and a thicker levator ani muscle in pregnant women. Future work may be directed at determining the causality of this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Vitiligo is a dermatological disorder characterized by the depletion of melanocytes. The key to its treatment lies in the promotion of melanin regeneration. The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway assumes a pivotal role in this regenerative process. Fire needle therapy (FNT), a traditional Chinese medical technique, has emerged as a promising intervention. Methods. We analyzed gene expression associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in both normal skin and the lesions of patients with vitiligo in the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO database). Furthermore, we evaluated the gene expression of this pathway and assessed the effects of FNT on pigmentation and its influence on the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in a vitiligo mouse model. Results. Compared to that of the normal skin, the mRNA levels of WNT10A, WNT10B, WNT2, WNT2B, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT4, WNT5B, WNT7B, and LEF1 displayed significant decreases in the lesions of patients with vitiligo. Moreover, vitiligo mouse skin lesions improved following FNT, and the number of melanocytes and melanin levels increased. In addition, posttreatment, genes associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway were revealed to be upregulated. Conclusion. FNT may play an important role in promoting pigmentation in vitiligo through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. This adds to the growing body of literature supporting the use of FNT to treat vitiligo. This, in turn, may inform clinical practice and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the relationships among perceived social support, psychological resilience, and work readiness of final-year nursing students. Participants included 376 Chinese final-year nursing students (female = 83.8%; mean age = 20.24 years, SD = 1.37 years). They completed the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Work Readiness Scale for graduate nurses. Hierarchical regression analysis results showed that social support was significantly associated with higher work readiness. Further, social support was associated with higher psychological resilience. Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and work readiness to be higher. These study findings suggest a need for targeted student social support programs to increase their psychological resilience, which is important for increasing their work readiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a series of novel compounds Ba3MX5 (M = Fe, Ti, V; X = Se, Te) with hexagonal crystal structures composed of quasi-1-dimensional (1D) magnetic chains has been synthesized by our research team using high-pressure and high-temperature methods. The initial hexagonal phases persist to the maximum achievable pressure, while spin configurations and magnetic interactions may change dramatically as a result of considerable reductions in interchain separations upon pressurization. These compounds therefore offer unique possibilities for studying the evolution of intrinsic electronic structures in quasi-1D magnetic systems. Here we present a systematic investigation of Ba9Fe3Te15, in which the interchain separations between trimerized 1D chains (∼ 10.2 Ĺ) can be effectively modulated by external high pressure. The crystal structure especially along the 1D chains exhibits an abnormal expansion at ∼5 GPa, which accompanies trimerization entangled anomalous mixed-high-low spin transition. An insulator-metal transition has been observed under high pressure as a result of charge-transfer gap closing. Pressure-induced superconductivity emerges at 26 GPa, where the charge-transfer gap fully closes, 3D electronic configuration forms and local spin fully collapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The nucleoli, including their proteomes, of higher eukaryotes have been extensively studied, while few studies about the nucleoli of the lower eukaryotes – protists were reported. Giardia lamblia, a protist with the controversy of whether it is an extreme primitive eukaryote or just a highly evolved parasite, might be an interesting object for carrying out the nucleolar proteome study of protists and for further examining the controversy. Results: Using bioinformatics methods, we reconstructed G. lamblia nucleolar proteome (GiNuP) and the common nucleolar proteome of the three representative higher eukaryotes (human, Arabidopsis, yeast) (HEBNuP). Comparisons of the two proteomes revealed that: 1) GiNuP is much smaller than HEBNuP, but 78.4% of its proteins have orthologs in the latter; 2) More than 68% of the GiNuP proteins are involved in the "Ribosome related" function, and the others participate in the other functions, and these two groups of proteins are much larger and much smaller than those in HEBNuP, respectively; 3) Both GiNuP and HEBNuP have their own specific proteins, but HEBNuP has a much higher proportion of such proteins to participate in more categories of nucleolar functions. Conclusion: For the first time the nucleolar proteome of a protist - Giardia was reconstructed. The results of comparison of it with the common proteome of three representative higher eukaryotes -- HEBNuP indicated that the simplicity of GiNuP is most probably a reflection of primitiveness but not just parasitic reduction of Giardia, and simultaneously revealed some interesting evolutionary phenomena about the nucleolus and even the eukaryotic cell, compositionally and functionally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most wide-spread "hostile" environmental factor for marine microorganisms is low temperature, which is usually accompanied by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). Metabolic mechanisms of marine microorganisms adapting to prolonged low temperature under HHP remain to be clarified. To reveal the underlying metabolic mechanisms, we performed NMR-based metabolomic analysis of aqueous extracts derived from a psychrotolerant Microbacterium sediminis YLB-01, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment and possess great biotechnology potentials. The YLB-01 cells were firstly cultivated at the optimal condition (28 °C, 0.1 MPa) for either 18 h (logarithmic phase) or 24 h (stationary phase), then continually cultivated at either 28 °C or 4 °C under HHP (30 MPa) for 7 days. The cells cultivated at low temperature, which experienced cold stress, were distinctly distinguished from those at normal temperature. Cold stress primarily induced metabolic changes in amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, the logarithmic and stationary phase cells cultivated at low temperature exhibited distinct metabolic discrimination, which was mostly reflected in the significantly disturbed carbohydrate metabolism. The logarithmic phase cells displayed suppressed TCA cycle, while the stationary phase cells showed decreased pyruvate and increased lactate. In addition, we performed transcriptome analysis for the stationary phase cells to support the metabolomic analysis. Our results suggest that the cold adaptation of the psychrotroph YLB-01 is closely associated with profoundly altered amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. Our work provides a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic adaptation of marine psychrotrophs to prolonged low temperature under HHP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel chiral derivatization reagent, the N‐[1‐oxo‐5‐(triphenylphosphonium)pentyl]‐ (R)‐1,3‐thiazolidinyl‐4‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester bromide salt (OTPTHE), was developed for the separation and selective detection of chiral DL‐amino acids by RP‐HPLC analysis. The OTPTHE reacted with DL‐amino acids at 60°C maintained for 30 minutes in the presence of 100 mM borate buffer (pH 9.5). The separability of the diastereomeric derivatives was evaluated in terms of the resolution value (Rs) using 13 kinds of DL‐amino acids, which were completely separated by reversed‐phase chromatography using C18 column at 254 nm. The Rs of the DL‐amino acids varied from 1.62 to 2.51. As for the application of the DL‐amino acids, the determination of DL‐Ser in the human plasma of healthy volunteers was performed based on our developed method. It was shown that linear calibrations were available with high coefficients of correlation (r2 > 0.9997). The limit of detection (S/N = 3) of the DL‐Ser enantiomers was 5.0 pmol; the relative standard deviations of the intraday and interday variations were below 4.56%; the accuracy ranged between 95.40%‐110.06% and 95.45%‐109.80%, respectively; the mean recoveries (%) of the DL‐Ser spiked in the human plasma were 99.49%‐103.74%. The amounts of DL‐Ser in the human plasma of healthy volunteers were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]