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Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has shown good performance in screening common aneuploidies. However, its performance in detecting fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) needs to be evaluated in a large cohort. In this retrospective observation, a total of 116,862 women underwent NIPS based on DNA nanoball sequencing from 2015 to 2022. SCAs were diagnosed based on karyotyping or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Among them, 2,084 singleton pregnancies received karyotyping and/or CMA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of NIPS for fetal SCAs were evaluated. The sensitivity was 97.7% (95%CI, 87.7–99.9), 87.3% (95% CI, 76.5–94.4), 96.1% (95%CI, 86.5–99.5), and 95.7% (95% CI, 78.1–99.9), the PPV was 25.8% (95%CI, 19.2–33.2), 80.9% (95%CI, 69.5–89.4), 79.0% (95%CI, 66.8–88.3), and 53.7% (95%CI, 37.4–69.3) for 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX, and 47,XYY, respectively. The specificity was 94.1% (95%CI, 93.0–95.1) for 45,X, and more than 99.0% for sex chromosome trisomy (SCT). The NPV was over 99.0% for all. NIPS screening for fetal SCAs has high sensitivity, specificity and NPV. The PPV of SCAs was moderate, but that of 45,X was lower than that of SCTs. Invasive prenatal diagnosis should be recommended for high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Solute Carrier Family 10 Member 5 ( SLC10A5 ) is a member of SLC10, comprising transporters of bile acids, steroidal hormones and other substrates, but its function remains unclear. The aim of the current investigation was to clarify its function in the metabolism of bile acid and hypercholanemia., Approach: Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to identify and confirm the variant in the subjects of hypercholanemia. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering was used to establish the knockout and point mutation mice. Primary mouse hepatocytes were isolated and cell lines were cultured. SLC10A5 was silenced by siRNA and overexpressed by wild-type and mutant plasmids. The fluorescent bile acid derivative was used for bile acid uptake assay. Bile acids were assessed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry., Results: A heterozygous variant SLC10A5 : c.994_995del (p.D332X) was identified in subjects with elevated total bile acid or altered bile acid profiles. Bile acids were increased in the serum and liver of knockout and point mutation mice. The expressions of FXR and SHP , regulators involved in the negative feedback of bile acid synthesis, were downregulated, while the bile acid synthesis genes CYP8B1 and CYP7A1 were upregulated in both gene-edited mice. Both the wild and mutant SLC10A5 protein were localized on the plasma membrane. Knockdown, knockout or targeted mutation of SLC10A5 led to the inhibition of bile acid uptake by cell lines and primary mouse hepatocyte., Conclusion: SLC10A5 is involved in the uptake of bile acid and its deficiency causes hypercholanemia., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Objective: To perform gene mutation analysis in a patient with atypical clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis (TSC) for definite diagnosis., Methods: Peripheral blood DNA was obtained from a patient with clinically suspected TSC and her parents, and all exons and their flanking sequences of TSC1 and TSC2 genes in the proband were sequenced by whole exome sequencing to determine the candidate pathogenic mutations. At the same time, Sanger sequencing was performed to verify the peripheral blood DNA of the patient and her parents. And the mosaic percentage of the mutation in the proband's somatic cells was detected by the droplet digital PCR method., Results: A heterozygous nonsense mutation c.1096G>T (p.E366*) was identified in the exon 11 of the TSC2 gene, which only had a small mutation peak. A lower percentage of the mutation was found in the DNA of the patient than that in the public database, therefore the possibility of mosaicism might not be excluded. In addition, the droplet digital PCR method demonstrated that the proband was a c.1096G>T mutant mosaicism, and the mosaic percentage was 14%., Conclusions: The somatic mosaic mutation c.1096G>T (p.e366*) may be responsible for the phenotype of TSC in this patient. And the drop digital PCR is expected to be a diagnostic method for somatic cells mosaicism.