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Taking the Paleozoic of the Sichuan and Tarim basins in China as example, the controlling effects of the Earth system evolution and multi-spherical interactions on the formation and enrichment of marine ultra-deep petroleum in China have been elaborated. By discussing the development of “source-reservoir-seal” controlled by the breakup and assembly of supercontinents and regional tectonic movements, and the mechanisms of petroleum generation and accumulation controlled by temperature-pressure system and fault conduit system, Both the South China and Tarim blocks passed through the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) of the low-latitude Hadley Cell twice during their drifts, and formed hydrocarbon source rocks with high quality. It is proposed that deep tectonic activities and surface climate evolution jointly controlled the types and stratigraphic positions of ultra-deep hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoirs, and seals in the Sichuan and Tarim basins, forming multiple petroleum systems in the Ediacaran–Cambrian, Cambrian–Ordovician, Cambrian–Permian and Permian–Triassic strata. The matching degree of source-reservoir-seal, the type of organic matter in source rocks, the deep thermal regime of basin, and the burial-uplift process across tectonic periods collectively control the entire process from the generation to the accumulation of oil and gas. Three types of oil and gas enrichment models are formed, including near-source accumulation in platform marginal zones, distant-source accumulation in high-energy beaches through faults, and three-dimensional accumulation in strike-slip fault zones, which ultimately result in the multi-layered natural gas enrichment in ultra-deep layers of the Sichuan Basin and co-enrichment of oil and gas in the ultra-deep layers of the Tarim Basin.

Background/Aims: Despite advances in imaging and endoscopic technology, diagnostic modalities for small bowel tumors are simultaneously performed. We investigated the discrepancy rate between each modality and predictive factors of discrepancy in patients with definite small bowel tumors. Methods: Data of patients with definite small bowel tumors who underwent both device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) and computed tomography (CT) were retrieved from web-based enteroscopy registry database in Korea. Predictive risk factors associated with discrepancy were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 998 patients, 210 (21.0%) were diagnosed with small bowel tumor using DAE, in 193 patients with definite small bowel tumor, DAE and CT were performed. Of these patients, 12 (6.2%) showed discrepancy between examinations. Among 49 patients who underwent DAE and video capsule endoscopy (VCE) examination, 13 (26.5%) showed discrepancy between examinations. No significant independent risk factors were associated with concordance between DAE and CT in multivariate logistic regression analysis among the patients. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, red blood cell transfusion was negatively associated with concordance between DAE and VCE in patients with small bowel tumor (odds ratio, 0.163; 95% confidence interval, 0.026 to 1.004; p=0.050). Conclusion : s: For small bowel tumors, the discrepancy rate between DAE and CT was 6.2%, and 26.5% between DAE and VCE. Despite developments in cross-sectional imaging (VCE and DAE modalities), discrepancies still exist. For small bowel bleeding that require significant transfusion while showing insignificant VCE findings, DAE should be considered as the next diagnostic approach, considering the possibility of missed small bowel tumor.

Abstract Structural deformation modifies the bandgap, exciton fine structure and phonon energy of semiconductors, providing an additional knob to control their optical properties. The impact can be exploited in colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), wherein structural stresses can be imposed in three dimensions while defect formation is suppressed by controlling surface growth kinetics. Yet, the control over the structural deformation of QDs free from optically active defects has not been reached. Here, we demonstrate strain-graded CdSe-ZnSe core-shell QDs with compositionally abrupt interface by the coherent pseudomorphic heteroepitaxy. Resulting QDs tolerate mutual elastic deformation of varying magnitudes at the interface with high structural fidelity, allowing for spectrally stable and pure emission of photons at accelerated rates with near unity luminescence efficiency. We capitalize on the asymmetric strain effect together with the quantum confinement effect to expand emission envelope of QDs spanning the entire visible region and exemplify their use in photonic applications.

Abstract We present a transmon qubit fabrication technique that yields systematic improvements in T 1 relaxation times. We encapsulate the surface of niobium and prevent the formation of its lossy surface oxide. By maintaining the same superconducting metal and only varying the surface, this comparative investigation examining different capping materials, such as tantalum, aluminum, titanium nitride, and gold, as well as substrates across different qubit foundries demonstrates the detrimental impact that niobium oxides have on coherence times of superconducting qubits, compared to native oxides of tantalum, aluminum or titanium nitride. Our surface-encapsulated niobium qubit devices exhibit T 1 relaxation times 2–5 times longer than baseline qubit devices with native niobium oxides. When capping niobium with tantalum, we obtain median qubit lifetimes above 300 μs, with maximum values up to 600 μs. Our comparative structural and chemical analysis provides insight into why amorphous niobium oxides may induce higher losses compared to other amorphous oxides.

Abstract Semi-infinite single-atom-thick graphene is an ideal reinforcing material that can simultaneously improve the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of matrix. Here, we present a float-stacking strategy to accurately align the monolayer graphene reinforcement in polymer matrix. We float graphene-poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) membrane (GPM) at the water–air interface, and wind-up layer-by-layer by roller. During the stacking process, the inherent water meniscus continuously induces web tension of the GPM, suppressing wrinkle and folding generation. Moreover, rolling-up and hot-rolling mill process above the glass transition temperature of PMMA induces conformal contact between each layer. This allows for pre-tension of the composite, maximizing its reinforcing efficiency. The number and spacing of the embedded graphene fillers are precisely controlled. Notably, we accurately align 100 layers of monolayer graphene in a PMMA matrix with the same intervals to achieve a specific strength of about 118.5 MPa g−1 cm3, which is higher than that of lightweight Al alloy, and a thermal conductivity of about 4.00 W m−1 K−1, which is increased by about 2,000 %, compared to the PMMA film.

SMART100 has a containment pressure and radioactivity suppression system (CPRSS) for passive containment cooling system (PCCS). This prevents overheating and over-pressurization of a containment through direct contact condensation in an in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) and wall condensation in a CPRSS heat exchanger (CHX) in an emergency cool-down tank (ECT). The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) constructed scaled-down test facilities, SISTA1 and SISTA2, for the thermal-hydraulic validation of the SMART100 CPRSS. Three separate effect tests were performed using SISTA1 to confirm the heat removal characteristics of SMART100 CPRSS. When the low mass flux steam with or without non-condensable gas is released into an IRWST, the conditions for mitigation of the chugging phenomenon were identified, and the physical variables were quantified by the 3D reconstruction method. The local behavior of the non-condensable gas was measured after condensation inside heat exchanger using a traverse system. Stratification of non-condensable gas occurred in large tank of the natural circulation loop. SISTA2 was used to simulate a small break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLCOA) transient. Since the test apparatus was a metal tank, compensations of initial heat transfer to the material and effect of heat loss during long-term operation were important for simulating cooling performance of SMART100 CPRSS. The pressure of SMART100 CPRSS was maintained below the design limit for 3 days even under sufficiently conservative conditions of an SBLOCA transient.

The recent emergence of innovative learning spaces, Future Classroom Lab (FCL), provides educators the use of physical learning spaces (to research, interact, exchange, develop, create, and present) and diverse technological tools to work according to active methodologies. Learners become more active in the learning process with the introduction of innovative learning environments that enable the application of interdisciplinary STEAM methodology and foster the development of 21st century competences. This study aims to uncover the probable link between application active and gamified STEAM educational interventions in the FCL and Pre-Service Teachers’ (PSTs) affective domain. The findings obtained showed statistically significant variations and, therefore, positive effects on the PSTs’ affective domain (self-efficacy, attitude, and emotion) after performing the intervention. The sample consisted of a total of 54 PSTs enrolled in the second year of Primary Education. Limited studies regarding the affective domain in the FCL were found, which restricted the comparison with prior research. This study has several implications, such as the introduction of innovative educational proposals to PSTs at the university level and, consequently, the implementation of similar interventions in elementary schools. This research intended to reveal how the different variables work as a support system for students’ learning process in mathematics and science disciplines.

The Lower Cambrian petroleum system in the Tarim Basin has undergone multiple periods of tectonic movements, leading to successive hydrocarbon expulsion events and adjustments. The complex process of hydrocarbon accumulation occurred under deep burial conditions, persisting at depths of nearly 6,000 m over an extended period. This has resulted in the current occurrence of various phases including light oil, condensate, and gas in the deep-ultradeep strata of the Tarim Basin. The intricacies of formation of hydrocarbon accumulations and phase evolution have posed challenges to understanding the accumulation mechanisms and enrichment patterns of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin, consequently lowering the success rate of oil and gas exploration. Such characteristics of multi-stage accumulation and adjustment are prevalent in deep hydrocarbon systems. Therefore, based on data from Well ZH1 in the Tazhong Uplift, combined with basin simulation, Compositional kinetics model, and PVT performance simulation, this study investigates the hydrocarbon generation and phase evolution processes in the deep hydrocarbon systems of the Tazhong Uplift. The results indicate that Well ZH1 entered the hydrocarbon generation peak during the Late Ordovician, followed by secondary cracking as the predominant hydrocarbon evolution process. Hydrocarbon fluids within the Lower Cambrian reservoir transitioned into the condensate phase towards the end of the Cambrian, with increasing depth resulting in higher gas-oil ratios and a decreasing trend in viscosity and density.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the composition of intestinal and nasal microbiota in septic patients and identify potential microbial biomarkers for diagnosis. A total of 157 subjects, including 89 with sepsis, were enrolled from the affiliated hospital. Nasal swabs and fecal specimens were collected from septic and non-septic patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. DNA was extracted, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Illumina technology. Bioinformatics analysis, statistical processing, and machine learning techniques were employed to differentiate between septic and non-septic patients. The nasal microbiota of septic patients exhibited significantly lower community richness (P = 0.002) and distinct compositions (P = 0.001) compared to non-septic patients. Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas were identified as enriched genera in the nasal microbiota of septic patients. The constructed machine learning model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 89.08, indicating its efficacy in differentiating septic and non-septic patients. Importantly, model validation demonstrated the effectiveness of the nasal microecological diagnosis prediction model with an AUC of 84.79, while the gut microecological diagnosis prediction model had poor predictive performance (AUC = 49.24). The nasal microbiota of ICU patients effectively distinguishes sepsis from non-septic cases and outperforms the gut microbiota. These findings have implications for the development of diagnostic strategies and advancements in critical care medicine.IMPORTANCEThe important clinical significance of this study is that it compared the intestinal and nasal microbiota of sepsis with non-sepsis patients and determined that the nasal microbiota is more effective than the intestinal microbiota in distinguishing patients with sepsis from those without sepsis, based on the difference in the lines of nasal specimens collected.

ABSTRACT The upper and lower respiratory tract may share microbiome because they are directly continuous, and the nasal microbiome contributes partially to the composition of the lung microbiome. But little is known about the upper and lower airway microbiome of early postoperative lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared paired nasal swab (NS) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) microbiome from 17 early postoperative LTRs. The microbiome between the two compartments were significantly different in Shannon diversity and beta diversity. Four and eight core NS‐associated and BALF‐associated microbiome were identified, respectively. NS samples harbored more Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas, while BALF contained more Ralstonia, Stenotrophomonas, Enterococcus, and Pedobacter. The within-subject dissimilarity was higher than the between-subject dissimilarity, indicating a greater impact of sampling sites than sampling individuals on microbial difference. There were both difference and homogeneity between NS and BALF microbiome in early postoperative LTRs. High levels of pathogens were detected in both samples, suggesting that both of them can reflect the diseases characteristics of transplanted lung. The differences between upper and lower airway microbiome mainly come from sampling sites instead of sampling individuals.IMPORTANCELung transplantation is the only therapeutic option for patients with end-stage lung disease, but its outcome is much worse than other solid organ transplants. Little is known about the NS and BALF microbiome of early postoperative LTRs. Here, we compared paired samples of the nasal and lung microbiome from 17 early postoperative LTRs and showed both difference and homogeneity between the two samples. Most of the “core” microbiome in both NS and BALF samples were recognized respiratory pathogens, suggesting that both samples can reflect the diseases characteristics of transplanted lung. We also found that the differences between upper and lower airway microbiome in early postoperative LTRs mainly come from sampling sites instead of sampling individuals.

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a leading cause of respiratory failure, with substantial attributable morbidity and mortality. The small animal models that are currently used for ARDS do not fully manifest all of the pathological hallmarks of human patients, which hampers both the studies of disease mechanism and drug development. Objectives: To examine whether the phenotypic changes of primate-like tree shrews in response to a one-hit lipopolysaccharides (LPS) injury resemble human ARDS features. Methods: LPS was administered to tree shrews through intratracheal instillation; then, the animals underwent CT or PET/CT imaging to examine the changes in the structure and function of the whole lung. The lung histology was analyzed by H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining of inflammatory cells. Results: Results demonstrated that tree shrews exhibited an average survival time of 3–5 days after LPS insult, as well as an obvious symptom of dyspnea before death. The ratios of PaO2 to FiO2 (P/F ratio) were close to those of moderate ARDS in humans. CT imaging showed that the scope of the lung injury in tree shrews after LPS treatment were extensive. PET/CT imaging with 18F-FDG displayed an obvious inflammatory infiltration. Histological analysis detected the formation of a hyaline membrane, which is usually present in human ARDS. Conclusion: This study established a lung injury model with a primate-like small animal model and confirmed that they have similar features to human ARDS, which might provide a valuable tool for translational research.

Recent studies actively researching user identification utilizing physiological information to verify identity. However, there is a problem with biometric information exposed to the outside of the body being susceptible to forgery and falsification. Therefore, studies on user identification systems based on biometric signals generated as electrical signals inside the body are necessary to strengthen security with high security and continuous authentication. Among the time-frequency (TF) features applied to existing nonlinear biosignals, short-time fourier transform (STFT) cannot simultaneously improve time-frequency resolution, so there is a limit to improving user identification accuracy. Therefore, this paper introduces a customized constant q transform (CQT) for time-frequency resolution adjustment applied to multiple biosignals. Additionally, a multi-stream conformer combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer is employed to improve user identification accuracy. Test results confirmed that when using CQT features and a multi-stream conformer for electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the accuracy of user identification using both ECG and EEG signals was 97.6%, an improvement of 0.8% or more compared to the accuracy of ECG and EEG single biosignals and CNN-based user identification.

Abstract Introduction Recent studies showed the presence of microplastic in human lungs. There remains an unmet need to identify the biodistribution of microplastic after inhalation. In this study, we traced the biodistribution of inhaled micro-sized polystyrene (mPS) and/or nano-sized PS (nPS) using 64Cu with PET in mice. Methods We used 0.2–0.3-µm sized mPS and 20-nm sized nPS throughout. 64Cu-DOTA-mPS, 64Cu-DOTA-nPS and/or 64CuCl2 were used to trace the distribution in the murine inhalation model. PET images were acquired using an INVEON PET scanner at 1, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after intratracheal instillation, and the SUVmax for interesting organs were determined, biodistribution was then determined in terms of percentage injected dose/gram of tissue (%ID/g). Ex vivo tissue-radio thin-layer chromatography (Ex vivo-radioTLC) was used to demonstrate the existence of 64Cu-DOTA-PS in tissue. Results PET image demonstrated that the amount of 64Cu-DOTA-mPS retained within the lung was significantly higher than 64Cu-DOTA-nPS until 72 h; SUVmax values of 64Cu-DOTA-mPS in lungs was 11.7 ± 5.0, 48.3 ± 6.2, 65.5 ± 2.3, 42.2 ± 13.1, and 13.2 ± 2.3 at 1, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h respectively whereas it was 31.2 ± 3.1, 17.3 ± 5.9, 10.0 ± 3.4, 8.1 ± 2.4 and 8.9 ± 3.6 for 64Cu-DOTA-nPS at the corresponding timepoints. The biodistribution data supported the PET data with a similar pattern of clearance of the radioactivity from the lung. nPS cleared rapidly post instillation in comparison to mPS within the lungs. Higher accumulation of %ID/g for nPS (roughly 2 times) were observed compared to mPS in spleen, liver, intestine, thymus, kidney, brain, salivary gland, ovary, and urinary bladder. Ex vivo-radioTLC was used to demonstrate that the detected gamma rays originated from 64Cu-DOTA-mPS or nPS. Conclusion PET image demonstrated the differences in accumulations of mPS and/or nPS between lungs and other interesting organs. The information provided may be used as the basis for future studies on the toxicity of mPS and/or nPS. Graphical abstract

Abstract Background Recent studies using single-cell transcriptomic analysis have reported several distinct clusters of neoplastic epithelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment. However, their molecular characteristics and biological significance have not been clearly elucidated due to intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. Methods We performed single-cell RNA sequencing using enriched non-immune cell populations from 17 pancreatic tumor tissues (16 pancreatic cancer and one high-grade dysplasia) and generated paired spatial transcriptomic data from seven patient samples. Results We identified five distinct functional subclusters of pancreatic cancer cells and six distinct cancer-associated fibroblast subclusters. We deeply profiled their characteristics, and we found that these subclusters successfully deconvoluted most of the features suggested in bulk transcriptome analysis of pancreatic cancer. Among those subclusters, we identified a novel cancer cell subcluster, Ep_VGLL1, showing intermediate characteristics between the extremities of basal-like and classical dichotomy, despite its prognostic value. Molecular features of Ep_VGLL1 suggest its transitional properties between basal-like and classical subtypes, which is supported by spatial transcriptomic data. Conclusions This integrative analysis not only provides a comprehensive landscape of pancreatic cancer and fibroblast population, but also suggests a novel insight to the dynamic states of pancreatic cancer cells and unveils potential therapeutic targets. Graphical Abstract

The indiscriminate evolution of urban configurations aggravates flood vulnerabilities, threatening sustainable urban expansion. Present methodologies fall short in supplying urban planners with flood mitigative strategies centered on urban configuration facets. Leveraging the power of the XGBoost algorithm, this study posits an advanced optimization schema, adroitly balancing the dual objectives of mitigating urban flooding and enhancing economic growth, with minimal disruption to established urban layouts. Shenzhen serves as the investigative ground, where the model displays exceptional accuracy, resilience, and interpretability in predicting Pluvial Flooding Susceptibility (PFS) and Economic Contribution (EC). Model interpretation divulges the profound influence of three-dimensional urban configuration elements, primarily the Building Congestion Degree, on PFS and EC. Pareto solution exploration for multi-objective optimization unveils the ideal urban configuration interval. To minimize PFS while maximizing EC, the research suggests pertinent measures: augmenting vegetation density, regulating the impervious coverage ratio within 50–70%, limiting two- and three-dimensional building density thresholds, and moderately escalating urban drainage network density. Additionally, it encourages a comprehensive appreciation of function-oriented land usage and intrinsic site topographical characteristics to reconcile varied urban development goals during planning. By fusing data-derived insights with multi-objective optimization, this research anticipates influencing urban planning models, thus enhancing decision-making related to urban configuration and fostering flood-resilient, sustainable, and economically prosperous urban habitats.

Chemical synthesis of natural products is typically inspired by the structure and function of a target molecule. When both factors are of interest, such as in the case of taxane diterpenoids, a synthesis can both serve as a platform for synthetic strategy development and enable new biological exploration. Guided by this paradigm, we present here a unified enantiospecific approach to diverse taxane cores from the feedstock monoterpenoid (S)-carvone. Key to the success of our approach was the use of a skeletal remodeling strategy which began with the divergent reorganization and convergent coupling of two carvone-derived fragments, facilitated by Pd-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage tactics. This coupling was followed by additional restructuring using a Sm(II)-mediated rearrangement and a bioinspired, visible-light induced, transannular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. Overall, this divergent monoterpenoid remodeling/convergent fragment coupling approach to complex diterpenoid synthesis provides access to structurally disparate taxane cores which have set the stage for the preparation of a wide range of taxanes.

The position of universities is of great importance in climate change education (CCE) if the scientific, environmental, social, and political challenges the world confronts are to be met. It is, therefore, crucial to comprehend the CCE being engaged in globally by higher education institutions (HEIs). It is also important to discover and analyze the ways that HEIs can better address this challenge. Consistent with the requirements of research, this study offers an analysis of climate change awareness-raising of preservice teachers (PSTs) in a university science classroom with a flipped class intervention. A total of 109 students participated in this research: 55 students in the control group (Group 1) and 54 students in the experimental group (Group 2). A questionnaire was used to detect any significant difference in the students' awareness of climate change for the two groups and before and after course completion. The analyzed results exposed the improved awareness of climate change in PSTs after a flipped class intervention, and, therefore, PSTs were more willing to engage in climate change teaching. Hence, the results of this study will contribute significantly to reducing existing drawbacks, which will be vital to comprehend the professional teaching developments of preservice teachers. Thus, this research can offer various instances of clarifying how climate change education may be placed in a higher science education context with certain adaptations.

In recent times, there has been growing disinterest by students in STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). This trend is especially acute in those students who do not take STEM content during their secondary or high school education. This disinterest might be conditioned by negative emotions towards science developed by students during the different educational stages, even from an early age. In this sense, active teaching methodologies, such as gamification, play a fundamental role in fostering positive emotions towards learning STEM content. Within the wide range of gamification methodologies, we find educational Escape Rooms. Due to the current situation generated by COVID-19, many of the lessons have had to be adapted to a virtual format through various online platforms. In this study, in a preliminary manner, we aim to analyze the effects on the affective domain produced by a virtual Escape Room used in a STEM course as an instructional tool to teach contents about the Universe to teachers in training. According to the results obtained, the positive emotions of "happiness", "satisfaction" and "fun" are significantly increased after the intervention. At the same time, some negative emotions, such as "nervousness", "frustration" and "worry" also increase, partly due to the components typically found in this type of games. Based on these results, it is concluded that, despite the existence of both positive and negative emotions, the results are promising and the intervention is motivating and stimulating for the students.

This study presents a comprehensive methodology for the implementation of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in the context of urban flood mitigation, specifically within the heritage city of Guangzhou, China. The investigation delves into the roles of urban morphology and impermeability in exacerbating flood risk through enhanced runoff accumulation and reduced infiltration. A key focus is the spatial heterogeneity of flood susceptibility, influenced by the disparate distribution of various building types and demographic segments. This research integrates susceptibility and vulnerability assessments with spatial analysis of NbS and multi-criteria decision-making, facilitating the identification of pivotal zones for NbS application. Findings underscore the critical role of urban design in flood risk management and reveal the efficacy of vegetation-based strategies, namely vegetated swales and bioretention cells, which account for 8.41% and 7.08% of the total area, respectively, in curbing urban flood impacts. Recommendations for heritage city innovation include the prioritization of vegetation-integrated road layouts coupled with a gradual enhancement of grey infrastructure in historical areas. The study culminates in providing strategic insights for policymakers and urban planners in heritage cities, underscoring the necessity of a balanced approach to technical feasibility and conservation imperatives in NbS deployment.

Abstract Objectives To identify, describe and synthesise the views and experiences of adults living with asthma regarding shared decision‐making (SDM) in the existing qualitative literature Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of 10 databases (list databases) from inception until September 2023. Screening was performed according to inclusion criteria. Tools from the Joanna Briggs lnstitute were utilised for the purposes of data extraction and synthesis in this study. The data extraction process in this study employed the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM‐B model) as a framework, and a pragmatic meta‐aggregative approach was employed to synthesise the collected results. Results Nineteen studies were included in the metasynthesis. Three synthesised themes were identified: the capability of people living with asthma, the opportunities of people living with asthma in SDM, and the motivation of the people living with asthma in SDM. Conclusions We have identified specific factors influencing people living with asthma engaging in SDM. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for the implementation of SDM in people living with asthma and provide insights for the development of their SDM training programs. The ConQual score for the synthesised findings was rated as low. To enhance confidence, future studies should address dependability and credibility factors. Practice Implications This review contemplates the implementation of SDM from the perspective of people living with asthma, with the aim of providing patient‐centred services for them. The results of this review can benefit the implementation of SDM and facilitate information sharing. It offers guidance for SDM skills training among adults living with asthma, fosters a better doctor–patient relationship and facilitates consensus in treatment decisions, thereby enabling personalised and tailored medical care. Patient or Public Contribution Three nursing graduate students participated in the data extraction and integration process, with two students having extensive clinical experience that provided valuable insights for the integration.

Abstract Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for personalized medicine, as they can be differentiated into specific cell types, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, our study sought to assess the feasibility of deriving MSCs from teratomas generated from human iPSCs. Teratomas serve as a model to mimic multilineage human development, thus enriching specific somatic progenitors and stem cells. Here, we discovered a small, condensed mass of MSCs within iPSC‐generated teratomas. Afterward, we successfully isolated MSCs from this condensed mass, which was a byproduct of teratoma development. To evaluate the characteristics and cell behaviors of iPSC‐derived MSCs (iPSC‐MSCs), we conducted comprehensive assessments using qPCR, immunophenotype analysis, and cell proliferation‐related assays. Remarkably, iPSC‐MSCs exhibited an immunophenotype resembling that of conventional MSCs, and they displayed robust proliferative capabilities, similar to those of higher pluripotent stem cell‐derived MSCs. Furthermore, iPSC‐MSCs demonstrated the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages in vitro. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of iPSC‐MSCs using an osteochondral defect model. Our findings demonstrated that teratomas are a promising source for the isolation of condensed MSCs. More importantly, our results suggest that iPSC‐MSCs derived from teratomas possess the capacity for tissue regeneration, highlighting their promise for future therapeutic applications.

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and environment-friendly fabrication are the main requirements enabling their production in industrial scale. While the use of non-halogenated solvent processing is inevitable for the PSC fabrication, it significantly reduces the processability of polymer donors (PDS) and small-molecule acceptors (SMAs). This often results in unoptimized blend morphology and limits the device performance. To address this issue, hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol (OEG) side-chains are introduced into a PD (2EG) to enhance the molecular compatibility between the PD and L8-BO SMA. The 2EG PD induces higher crystallinity and alleviates phase separation with the SMA compared to the reference PD (PM7) with hydrocarbon side-chains. Consequently, the 2EG-based PSCs exhibit a higher PCE (15.8%) than the PM7-based PSCs (PCE = 14.4%) in the ortho-xylene based processing. Importantly, benefitted from the reduced phase separation and increased crystallinity of 2EG PDS, the 2EG-based PSCs show enhanced thermal stability (84% of initial PCE after 120 h heating) compared to that of the PM7-based PSCs (60% of initial PCE after 120 h heating). This study demonstrates the potential of OEG side-chain-incorporated materials in developing efficient, stable, and eco-friendly PSCs.