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Summary: Margarine contains trans fatty acids, which have been linked to adverse effects on human health. It is therefore of the utmost importance to develop superior margarine substitutes for use in baked foods. The protein‐polyphenol‐polysaccharide ternary supramolecular system displays remarkable stability and can be utilised in the formulation of emulsions for partial margarine replacement. The aim of this study was to examine the stability of an ovalbumin (OVA)‐ferulic acid (FA)‐sodium alginate (SA) ternary supramolecular emulsion with varying water‐to‐oil ratios. The emulsion was evaluated for its potential as a substitute for margarine in cookies. The findings revealed that the specific emulsion instability of the system initially increased and subsequently decreased with an increase in corn oil content, reaching an optimal point of stability and dispersibility at a water‐to‐oil ratio of 5:11. As the emulsion was incorporated into the cookie dough at levels ranging from 0% to 100% margarine, the viscoelasticity of the dough was enhanced and the hardness was reduced. As the emulsion content increased in place of margarine, the cookies exhibited visible cracks on the surface, accompanied by an increase in hardness, baking loss rate and a notable change in colour. The cookies demonstrated the optimal quality when the emulsion content was 40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a nonautonomous stochastic $ p $-Laplacian lattice equation with multiplicative noise and a nonlinearity that is not locally Lipschitz. For each $ q\geq1 $, a pullback $ (\ell^2, \ell^q) $-attractor is obtained, and the measurability of the pullback attractor in both spaces by more complicated estimates. Then, the time-dependent invariant sample Borel probability measures are constructed and carried by the pullback random attractor. Moreover, the invariant sample measures satisfy a stochastic Liouville type theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic electrode materials have attracted a lot interest in batteries in recent years. However, most of them still suffer from low performance such as low electrode potential, slow reaction kinetics, and short cycle life. In this work, we report a strategy of fabricating donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers for facilitating the charge transfer and therefore accelerating the reaction kinetics by using the copolymer (p‐TTPZ) of dihydrophenazine (PZ) and thianthrene (TT) as a proof‐of‐concept. The D–A conjugated polymer as p‐type cathode could store anions and exhibited high discharge voltages (two plateaus at 3.82 V, 3.16 V respectively), a reversible capacity of 152 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent rate performance with a high capacity of 124.2 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 (≈50 C) and remarkable cyclability. The performance, especially the rate capability was much higher than that of its counterpart homopolymers without D–A structure. As a result, the p‐TTPZ//graphite full cells showed a high output voltage (3.26 V), a discharge specific capacity of 139.1 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and excellent rate performance. This work provides a novel strategy for developing high performance organic electrode materials through molecular design and will pave a way towards high energy density organic batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound infections affect the health of nearly 300 million people worldwide, and biofilm formation is a major factor that contributes to their persistence. In this study, we designed a combined photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT)/nitric oxide (NO) antibacterial nanoplatform (MSC@CaCO3). First, photothermally responsive molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanospheres (90–110 nm) were prepared, then sodium nitroxide alginate (SANO) and dihydroporphyrin e6 (Ce6) were attached to allow the release of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to illumination. While acid-sensitive calcium carbonate comes into contact with the microacidic environment of biofilm, it will crack and release drugs, and free Ca2+ can assist sodium alginate (SA) to promote wound healing. The results showed that the photothermal conversion efficiency of the nanoplatform was 48.9%. The bacterial inhibition rates of MSC@CaCO3 for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) and MDR Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were both more than 96%. MSC@CaCO3 also showed effective inhibition for the growth of drug-resistant bacterial biofilm. A single-factor experiment was carried out to assess the bacterial inhibition efficiency by PTT or PDT. The mouse wound infection model recovered after 10 days of treatment by MSC@CaCO3 under illumination. The toxicity assay demonstrated that the nanoplatform had no significant toxicity. In conclusion, the prepared MSC@CaCO3 nanoplatform can effectively utilize the characteristics of the biofilm microenvironment to confer protection against drug-resistant bacterial infections and promote wound healing. This study provides a basic reference for the application of cost-effective and multifunctional nano-anti-infective drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-resistant bacterial infections pose a significant threat to global public health. Furthermore, the formation of biofilms makes traditional antibiotic treatments significantly less effective in killing multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this work, we prepared a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosphere-based nanocomposite that utilized both photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for effectively eradicating biofilms. A layer of manganese dioxide (MnO2) was adsorbed onto the surface of the MoS2 nanospheres by redox and electrostatic adsorption methods, and the resulting MoS2/MnO2 were loaded with 2,2′-azobis-[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-propane]-dihydrochloride (AIPH) to form the MoS2/MnO2-AIPH nanocomposite (MMA). The microenvironment of biofilms is slightly acidic, lacks oxygen, and has a high concentration of glutathione (GSH). The MnO2 was capable of reacting with GSH to deplete it while also generating •OH radicals for CDT. In the presence of NIR light (808 nm), the temperature increase brought about by PTT further enhanced the CDT efficacy synergistically. The results showed that the photothermal conversion efficiency of the MMA was 40.5% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and the biofilm eradication rate of both MDR Escherichia coli and MDR Staphylococcus aureus was above 90%. The high bacterial inhibition rate (above 96%), as well as the excellent biosafety and biocompatibility of the MMA nanocomposite enabled it to effectively promote wound healing, which has significant implications in treating bacterial infections and promoting wound healing in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-resistant bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human public health. Biofilm formation is one of the main factors contributing to the development of bacterial resistance, characterized by a hypoxic and microacidic microenvironment. Traditional antibiotic treatments have been ineffective against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Novel monotherapies have had little success. On the basis of the photothermal effect, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanoparticles were used to link quaternized polyethylenimine (QPEI), dihydroporphyrin e6 (Ce6), and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). A multifunctional nanoplatform (MQCP@ZIF-8) was constructed with dual response to pH and near-infrared light (NIR), which resulted in synergistic photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial effects. The nanoplatform exhibited a photothermal conversion efficiency of 56%. It inhibited MDR Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and MDR Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) by more than 95% and effectively promoted wound healing in mice infected with MDR S. aureus . The nanoplatform induced the death of MDR bacteria by promoting biofilm ablation, disrupting bacterial cell membranes and intracellular DNA, and interfering with intracellular material and energy metabolism. In this study, a multifunctional nanoplatform with good antibacterial effect was developed. The molecular mechanisms of MDR bacteria were also elucidated for possible clinical application.