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Background: The Essen risk score improves stratification of patients with acute ischemic stroke by early stroke recurrence. Recent study showed it could also predict myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to compare the Essen score's ability to predict cerebrovascular events with compared cardiovascular events., Methods: We included patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack within seven days from the Third China National Stroke Registry. One-year cumulative event rates of combined vascular events (a composite of MI, stroke recurrence or vascular death) and cardiac events (a composite of MI, heart failure or cardiac death) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The predictive value of the Essen score was assessed with C-statistics. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, we assessed whether Essen score, etiological subtype and imaging parameters were associated with outcomes., Results: Of 13,012 patients were included, the cumulative one-year event rates were 10.03% for combined vascular events and 0.77% for cardiac events, respectively. Compared with those with an Essen score < 3, patients with an Essen score ≥ 3 were more likely to have a subsequent combined vascular event [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.24-1.55] and cardiac events (HR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.53-3.44). The score tended to be more predictive of the risk of MI (C-statistic = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.55-0.71) and cardiac events (C-statistic = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.56-0.67) than stroke recurrence (C-statistic = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.54-0.57) and combined vascular events (C-statistic = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.54-0.57). In multivariable analysis after adjusted Essen score, patients with multiple acute infarctions or single acute infarctions and large artery atherosclerosis subtype were independently associated with an increased risk of combined vascular events. While the cardioembolism subtype was associated with an increased risk of cardiac events., Conclusions: The Essen score is potentially more suitable for risk stratification of cardiovascular events than cerebrovascular events. Moreover, future predictive tools should take brain imaging findings and cause of stroke into consideration., (Copyright and License information: Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022.)

Background: Subintimal plaque modification (SPM) is often performed to restore antegrade flow and facilitate subsequent lesion recanalization. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of modified SPM with traditional SPM., Methods: A total of 1454 consecutive patients who failed a chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO PCI) attempt and underwent SPM from January 2015 to December 2019 at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Fifty-four patients who underwent SPM finally were included in this study. We analyzed the outcomes of all the patients, and the primary endpoint was recanalization rate, which was defined as Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grades 2-3 flow on angiography 30 to 90 days post-procedure., Results: The baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. In the follow-up, the recanalization rate was noticeably higher in the modified SPM group compared with the traditional SPM group (90.9% vs. 62.5%, P < 0.05). The proposed strategy in the modified group was more aggressive, including a larger balloon size (1.83 ± 0.30 vs. 2.48 ± 0.26 mm, P < 0.05) and longer subintimal angioplasty (0.59 ± 0.16 vs. 0.92 ± 0.12 mm, P < 0.05). Also, the common use of a Stingray balloon and guide catheter extension resulted in improvement of patients in the modified SMP group (12.5% vs. 100%, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Modified SPM, which is associated with a high likelihood of successful recanalization, is an effective and safe CTO PCI bail out strategy., (Copyright and License information: Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020.)

Objective: To evaluate a very long-term clinical outcomes of patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) for ostial/shaft lesions in unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA)., Methods & Results: A total of 472 patients with isolated ostial/shaft lesions in ULMCA were enrolled, who received DES implantation or underwent CABG between January 2003 and July 2009 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. The major endpoints of this study were death, repeat revascularization, non-procedural myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. The median follow-up was twelve years (interquartile range: 9.4-14.0 years) in the overall patients. There were no significant differences of incidence of death (23.3% vs. 25.6%, P = 0.227), repeat revascularization (27.3% vs. 28.4%, P = 0.423), non-procedural MI (20.0% vs. 14.5%, P = 0.561), and stroke (6.1% vs. 9.3%, P = 0.255) between PCI and CABG groups before multivariate adjusting. After adjusting covariates with multivariate Cox hazard regression model, there were still no significant differences between PCI and CABG groups., Conclusions: During the median follow-up of twelve years, we found that PCI with DES was as effective and safe as CABG in patients with left main ostial/shaft lesion in this observational study., (Institute of Geriatric Cardiology.)

Objective: Small coronary vessel disease (disease affecting coronary vessels with main branch diameters of ≤ 2.75 mm) is a common and intractable problem in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study was designed to test the theory that the effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting balloons for the treatment of de novo lesions in small coronary vessels are non-inferior to those of drug-eluting stents., Methods: We designed a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial aiming to assess the effectiveness and safety of the RESTORE ® (Cardionovum, Bonn, Germany) drug-eluting balloon (DEB) versus the RESOLUTE ® (Medtronic, USA) drug-eluting stent (DES) in the treatment of small coronary vessel disease. This trial started in August 2016. A total of 230 patients with a reference vessel diameter (RVD) ≥ 2.25 mm and ≤ 2.75 mm were randomly assigned to treatment with a DEB or a DES at a 1:1 ratio. The study was also designed to enroll 30 patients with an RVD ≥ 2.00 mm and ≤ 2.25 mm in the tiny vessel cohort., Results: The key baseline data include demographic characteristics, relative medical history, baseline angiographic values and baseline procedural characteristics. The primary endpoint is in-segment diameter stenosis at nine months after the index procedure. Secondary endpoints include acute success, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, target lesion revascularization and stent thrombosis., Conclusions: The study will evaluate the clinical efficacy, angiographic outcomes, and safety of DEBs compared to DESs in the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions in small vessels.

Background: The genes encoding adiponectin receptor 1 ( ADIPOR1 ) and small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 ( SUMO4 ) have been linked to anti-atherogenic effects, but little is known about whether polymorphisms in the two genes, acting separately or interacting, affect risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) without diabetes., Methods: We genotyped 200 CAD patients without diabetes and 200 controls without CAD or diabetes at three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOR1 and one SNP in SUMO4 , which were chosen based on previous studies. Potential associations were also explored between these SNPs and clinical characteristics of CAD without diabetes., Results: Risk alleles at three SNPs in ADIPOR1 (rs7539542-G, rs7514221-C and rs3737884-G) and the G allele at SNP rs237025 in SUMO4 significantly increased risk of CAD without diabetes, with ORs ranging from 1.79 to 4.44. Carriers of any of these four risk alleles showed similar adverse clinical characteristics. Compared with individuals with a CC or GC genotype, those with a GG genotype at rs3737884 were at significantly higher risk of CAD that affected the left anterior descending coronary artery (OR: 6.77, P = 0.009), the right coronary artery (OR: 4.81, P = 0.028) or a relatively large number of vessels ( P = 0.04). Individuals carrying a risk allele at one or more of the three SNPs in ADIPOR1 as well as a risk allele at the SNP in SUMO4 were at significantly higher risk of CAD without diabetes than individuals not carrying any risk alleles (OR: 5.82, 95% CI: 1.23-27.7, P = 0.013)., Conclusions: SNPs in ADIPOR1 and SUMO4 are associated with elevated risk of CAD without diabetes, and SNPs in the two genes may interact to jointly affect disease risk.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common cause of resistant hypertension, which has been proposed to result from activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We meta-analyzed the effects of OSA on plasma levels of RAAS components., Methods: Full-text studies published on MEDLINE and EMBASE analyzing fasting plasma levels of at least one RAAS component in adults with OSA with or without hypertension. OSA was diagnosed as an apnea-hypopnea index or respiratory disturbance index ≥ 5. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I (2) statistic. Results from individual studies were synthesized using inverse variance and pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression were performed, and risk of publication bias was assessed., Results: The meta-analysis included 13 studies, of which 10 reported results on renin (n = 470 cases and controls), 7 on angiotensin II (AngII, n = 384), and 9 on aldosterone (n = 439). AngII levels were significantly higher in OSA than in controls [mean differences = 3.39 ng/L, 95% CI: 2.00-4.79, P < 0.00001], while aldosterone levels were significantly higher in OSA with hypertension than OSA but not with hypertension (mean differences = 1.32 ng/dL, 95% CI: 0.58-2.07, P = 0.0005). Meta-analysis of all studies suggested no significant differences in aldosterone between OSA and controls, but a significant pooled mean difference of 1.35 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.88-1.82, P < 0.00001) emerged after excluding one small-sample study. No significant risk of publication bias was detected among all included studies., Conclusions: OSA is associated with higher AngII and aldosterone levels, especially in hypertensive patients. OSA may cause hypertension, at least in part, by stimulating RAAS activity.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors related to in-hospital bleeding for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)., Methods: Clinical and therapeutic data of 3807 patients who were registered with acute coronary syndrome in SINO-GRACE in China from March 2001 to December 2007 were reviewed. A total of 57 patients were grouped to bleeding group and 234 out of the remaining 3750 patients without bleeding were randomly chosen and served as non-bleeding group. Hemorrhage-related factors were screened and compared between the two groups. Unitary logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the possible factors related to hemorrhage. Factors with P < 0.1 were further analyzed by stepwise regression method and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses., Results: (1) Age, history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), previous hemorrhage, renal failure and heart failure as well incidence of acute coronary syndrome were significantly higher in bleeding group than in non-bleeding group (all P ≤ 0.05). Patients were more often treated with clopidogrel and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist in bleeding group than in non-bleeding group. (2) Single factor logistic regression analysis showed that age > 70 years, history of previous bleeding, renal failure, heart failure, clopidogrel and GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists use, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, inferior wall, lateral myocardial infarction, CABG were risk factors for bleeding (all P < 0.05). (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of renal failure (OR = 19.77, 95%CI 4.38 - 89.18, P < 0.01) and clopidogrel (OR = 19.77, 95%CI 4.38 - 89.18, P < 0.01) and GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (OR = 343.57, 95%CI 40.39 - 999.99, P < 0.01) use were the independent risk factors for bleeding., Conclusion: Our results show that renal failure history and clopidogrel and GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist use are independent risk factors for in-hospital bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Objective: To assess the role of small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4) gene polymorphisms (rs237025, rs237024 and rs600739) in the susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chinese Han ethnic population in Beijing., Methods: In this case-control study, 558 subjects with angiography-proven CAD were divided into two groups according to the WHO 1999 criteria: 369 with normal glucose tolerance (CAD group) and 189 with T2DM (T2DM+ CAD group). Meanwhile 500 healthy subjects free of T2DM and CAD were selected as normal controls (control group). Allelic and genotypic distributions of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined with polymerase chain reaction-high resolution melting curve (PCR-HRM) and gene sequencing. Clinical and biochemical data were compared among carriers of different genotypes through a stratified analysis., Results: No significant difference was found in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of each SNP between different groups (P> 0.05). Nevertheless, stratified analysis indicated a significant difference in plasma triglycerides (rs237025) and body mass index (rs600739) among individuals of different genotypes from the T2DM+ CAD group (P= 0.020 and P= 0.049, respectively). Multiple comparison also indicated that GG genotype of rs237025 had a higher level of plasma triglycerides than AA genotype (P< 0.01)., Conclusion: No association between SUMO4 gene polymorphisms and CAD with and without T2DM was detected. Such polymorphisms may not be a risk factor for Chinese Han ethnic patients in Beijing.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with acute coronary syndrome suffering hemorrhage during hospitalization., Methods: The clinical symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics and in-hospital outcome of 3807 inpatients who were recruited into SINO-GRACE study in China due to acute coronary syndrome from March, 2001 to December, 2007 were collected. Statistical methods were adopted to compare the differences in clinical data between hemorrhage group and non-hemorrhage group., Results: Hemorrhage had happened in 57 out of 3807 inpatients with the incidence of 1.50%. Five patients, which accounted for 9.6% of the overall hemorrhage cases, were fatal hemorrhage. Nine patients were intracranial hemorrhage with the incidence of 0.24%. There were 155 deaths among the 3807 patients, with an overall mortality rate of 4.1%. The mortality of hemorrhage accounted for 3.2% in overall mortality. Patients with one of the following factors were more apt to hemorrhage: > 70 years old, previous hemorrhage history, renal failure history, heart failure history and clopidogrel and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist administration for coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients who developed hemorrhage might need prolonged hospitalization and were liable to develop heart-related adverse events, including re-infarction and sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation after they were admitted in hospital over 24 hours., Conclusion: Patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, with advanced age, previous hemorrhage history, renal failure history, heart failure history or treated with clopidogrel and GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist are more vulnerable to hemorrhage.

This study investigated the association between small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4) gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chinese Han of Beijing area. Using the case-control method, we included 404 T2DM patients in T2DM group and 500 age- and gender- matched healthy subjects in control group. We detected the distribution of alleles and genotypes of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs237025, rs237024 and rs600739) with the polymerase chain reaction-high resolution melting curve (PCR-HRM) combined with gene sequencing, analysed the differences of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among different genotypes carriers in T2DM group, and conducted a haplotype analysis. In this study, the results showed that the frequency of the G allele of rs237025 was significantly higher in T2DM group than that of control group (0.334 vs. 0.282, P = 0.017). Compared with control group, the GA genotype carriers of T2DM patients had 1.563 times more susceptibility to T2DM [P =0.001; odds ratio (OR), 1.563; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.189-2.053]. Meanwhile, the G allele carriers (GG+GA) of T2DM patients had 1.525 times more susceptibility to T2DM in the dominant model (GG+GA vs. AA, P = 0.002; OR,1.525; 95% CI,1.169-1.989). However, as for rs237024 and rs600739, no significant differences were found in the distribution of the genotypes and alleles between two groups (P >0.05).Although our study didn't observe any statistically significant results, we found that T2DM patients with GG and GA genotypes of rs237025, TT genotype of rs237024 and GG genotype of rs600739 had a higher level of HbA1c than counterparts in control group. In addition, the AAC, AGC and GGT haplotypes might contribute to susceptibility to T2DM (OR>1) , while the AAT and GAC haplotypes might be considered as protective factors against T2DM (OR<1). The results suggested that rs237025 polymorphisms was associated with susceptibility to T2DM, but rs237024 and rs600739 were not.

Objective: To assess the relationship between pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and culprit coronary plaque morphology in patients with unstable angina (UA)., Methods: Sixty-eight UA patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound were included in this study. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to assay the circulating PAPP-A. Plaque characteristics of culprit lesion were analyzed for UA patients with various PAPP-A levels., Results: PAPP-A level was significantly higher in high-risk UA than in non-high-risk UA [(19.9 ± 20.1) mIU/L vs. (6.9 ± 5.7) mIU/L, P = 0.002]. Optimal threshold of PAPP-A to predict high-risk UA was determined as 11.0 mIU/L with a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 77.5%. Patients with higher PAPP-A level (≥ 11.0 mIU/L) was associated with larger external elastic membrane cross-sectional area, plaque area and more plaque burden compared with patients with lower PAPP-A level (all P < 0.01). Positive remodeling, attenuated plaque and plaque rupture were significantly more often in patients with higher PAPP-A than in patients with lower PAPP-A level (all P < 0.01). PAPP-A ≥ 11.0 mIU/L (OR = 5.921, P = 0.014) and attenuated plaque (OR = 7.541, P = 0.038) were independent risk predictors for high-risk UA., Conclusions: PAPP-A was associated with instability of culprit plaque in UA patients. PAPP-A ≥ 11.0 mIU/L and attenuated plaque were independent predictors for high-risk UA.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the guidelines issued by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) in 2004 and the changes in early reperfusion, drug treatment and outcome of inpatients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China, and to explore what extent the guidelines are followed in the management of AMI in China, and the differences in managements and patients' outcome after its issue., Methods: A retrospective study of clinical data of 1 278 patients with AMI admitted to 12 Chinese Hospitals from January 2002 to December 2006 was carried out. They were divided into two groups: group A included 734 patients admitted from January 2002 to August 2004, and group B comprised 544 patients admitted from August 2004 to December 2006. The baseline characteristics, early reperfusion, drug treatment, reinfarction, angina pectoris, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, bleeding and death were compared between two groups. The correlation between therapeutic measure and mortality was analyzed to estimate the difference between two groups, and relationship between the differences and the guidelines issued in 2004 was also analyzed., Results: The age, sex, systolic blood pressure, history of past illness excepting old myocardial infarction of patients with AMI bore no significant difference between two groups. The incidence of Killip≥III in group B was lower significantly than that in group A (7.5% vs. 14.7%, P<0.01). Reperfusion therapy was used more often in group B than in group A (78.5% vs. 71.2%, P<0.05). And percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy was used more often in group B than in group A (71.5% vs. 61.0%, P<0.01). However, the rate of lytic treatment was lower in group B than that in group A (8.6% vs. 16.3%, P<0.01). ³ The percentage of use of antiplatelet drug and aspirin was both over 97.0%. The tidopidine was used more frequently in group A than in group B (54.9% vs. 8.3%), and the clopidogrel and glycoprotein IIIa/IIb antagonists was used more frequently in group B than in group A (83.8% vs. 27.4%, 4.8% vs. 0.7%, both P<0.01). The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ACEI/ARB) were administered more frequently in group B than in group A (98.2% vs. 93.5%, P<0.01), and the increasing trend of ARB was obvious (13.6% vs. 4.4%, P<0.05), but the decreasing trend of ACEI was obvious also (84.6% vs. 89.1%, P<0.01). Heparin/low molecular heparin, β-blocker and statin were used more often in group B than in group A (97.4% vs. 94.8%, 80.1% vs. 74.8%, 87.7% vs. 82.4%, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (4) In-hospital mortality, reinfarction, angina pectoris were lower in group B than in group A (4.6% vs. 7.6%, 2.8% vs. 4.8%, 8.4% vs. 12.4%, all P<0.05). (5) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that reperfusion, antiplatelet drug, statin and heparin/low molecular heparin were associated significantly with in-hospital mortality (all P<0.05)., Conclusion: After guideline was issued by ACC/AHA in 2004, the regime of early reperfusion and drug treatment in China had followed more closely the recommendations of the guidelines. At the same time, in-hospital mortality, reinfarctions, angina pectoris were decreased. And the changes in strategy of early reperfusion, antiplatelet drug, statin and heparin/low molecular heparin are closely related with in-hospital mortality. However, current management of AMI in China has not followed the recommendations of guidelines closely. It is essential to promote the use of β-blocker and ACEI/ARB drug treatment in China in accordance with the guidelines.

Objective: Novel stents loaded with antibody against CD105 were analyzed for their potential to limit coronary neointima formation and to accelerate endothelialization by attracting activated endothelial cell., Methods: Thirty Stents coated with antibody against CD105, thirty unloaded polymer, and thirty bare metal stents were deployed in 90 coronary arteries of 30 minipigs. Oral aspirin (300 mg before operation and 100 mg post operation) and clopidogrel (300 mg before operation and 75 mg post operation) were orally administrated. Coronary artery quantitative analysis was completed by coronary arteriography, the vascular endothelium changes were observed under scanning electron microscope and the vascular morphological changes were observed under light microscope 7 and 14 days after operation., Results: Complete procedural and angiographic success was achieved in all 30 minipigs. There were no major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. At 7 days, there was no difference for mean neointimal area and percent area stenosis among various groups. At 14 days, endothelialization scores were significantly higher in the CD105 antibody-loaded stents and bare metal stents group than in sirolimus-eluting stents group (1.78 ± 0.49, 1.50 ± 0.67 vs. 1.08 ± 0.29, all P < 0.05), mean percent area stenosis in the CD105 antibody-loaded stents, sirolimus-eluting stents group were less than that in bare metal stents group [(23.8 ± 4)%, (24.2 ± 2)% vs. (38.0 ± 3)%, all P < 0.05], mean angiographic late luminal loss in the CD105 antibody-loaded stents, sirolimus-eluting stents group were less than that in bare metal stents group [(0.29 ± 0.28) mm, (0.28 ± 0.02) mm vs. (0.41 ± 0.01) mm, all P < 0.05]. There was no difference for mean percent area stenosis in the CD105 antibody-loaded stents and sirolimus-eluting stents group. The mean neointimal area in the CD105 antibody-loaded stents, and sirolimus-eluting stents group were less than that in bare metal stents group [(0.88 ± 0.08) mm(2), (0.89 ± 0.12mm)(2) vs. (1.00 ± 0.14) mm(2), all P < 0.05] and there was no difference for the mean neointimal area in the CD105 antibody-loaded stents and sirolimus-eluting stents group. At 7 and 14 days, there was no difference for the injury score and the inflammation score among various groups, scanning electron microscopy evidenced enhanced endothelial coverage on CD105 antibody-loaded stents compared to sirolimus-eluting stents group., Conclusion: Stent coated with antibody against CD105 could effectively reduce in-stent restenosis and accelerate endothelialization in the minipigs.

Objective: To investigate whether the gene transfer of phospholamban antisense RNA could inhibit remodeling and preserve cardiac function after myocardial infarction., Methods: Wistar rats received a ligation of left coronary with a direct intramyocardial injection of phospholamban antisense RNA eukaryote vector PcDNA4-asPLB. The cardiac function, hemodynamics and ventricular geometry of three groups (shame, saline injection and PcDNA4-asPLB injection) were studied by echocardiography and left ventricle hemodynamic recording. The levels of phospholamban (PLB) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) were analyzed by Western blot and the expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) examined by RT-PCR. The histological study was performed to evaluate the collage content and cardiomyocyte fiber size., Results: The PcDNA4-asPLB injection group had significantly better systolic cardiac function and diastolic function [LVEF (39.4 +/- 7.8)% vs (30.9 +/- 7.4)%, P < 0.05; dp/dt Max (1545 +/- 127) mm Hg x s(-1) vs (1172 +/- 91) mm Hg x s(-1), P < 0.05)]. Compared with saline injection, the PLB expression was inhibited by 50% in PcDNA4-asPLB injection group (PLB/beta-actin ratio, 0.28 +/- 0.07 vs 0.57 +/- 0.11, P < 0.05) and the function of SERCA2a was enhanced [(1.47 +/- 0.21) micromol x min(-1) x g(-1) protein vs (0.34 +/- 0.13) micromol x min(-1) x g(-1) protein, P < 0.05]. The expressions of ANP and BNP in the saline injection group were elevated as compared to those in the PcDNA4-asPLB injection group. Histological study also showed that the collage density and the cardiomyocyte fiber size in the saline injection group were worse than those in the PcDNA4-asPLB injection group., Conclusion: Intramyocardial injection of phospholamban antisense RNA eukaryote vector PcDNA4-asPLB after myocardial infarction results in PLB expression inhibition, attenuates ventricular remodeling and improves systolic and diastolic cardiac functions.

Objective: To compare the value of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and assess the value of quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and 64 multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) on unstable anginas (UAP) risk stratification., Method: A total of 61 UAP patients (low risk: 17, middle risk: 33 and high risk: 11) were recruited, 71 vessels were examined by MDCT, QCA and IVUS. Plaque characteristics (soft, fibrous, calcified and mixed plaques) and plaque burden at minimum area (< or = 50%, 51% - 74% and > or = 75%) were detected, calculated and analyzed. Results derived from various detection methods were compared., Results: Plaque burden detection by QCA was comparable to IVUS results for low and middle risk UAP (r = 0.768 and r = 0.721, respectively; all P < 0.01) but not for high risk UAP (67% + or - 14% vs.75% + or - 16%, P < 0.01) due to significant positive vessel remodeling (remodeling index = 1.21 + or - 0.31). The high negative predict value of MDCT for stenosed coronary vessels (87.8% - 96.3%)was valuable for exclusion of coronary heart disease but MDCT was not able to identify fibrous cap (kappa = 0.235) and lipid core (kappa = 0.245). Extent of remodeling index, external elastic membrane area, minimum lumen area, plaque burden, plaque rupture and thrombosis increased in proportion to increasing risks of UAP patients., Conclusions: QCA is a suitable tool for assessing UAP patients with low and middle vessel stenosis but underestimated the stenosis degree in UAP patients with high vessel stenosis. MDCT is valuable for exclusion vessel disease but not useful for identifying soft and fibrous plaque. Soft plaque with positive remodeling index and minimum lumen area < 4 mm(2) derived from IVUS could correctly identify UAP patients with high degree of vessel stenosis.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) assessment on target lesion and reference vessel in patients with diabetes mellitus with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) measurements as golden standard., Methods: QCA and IVUS were performed in 52 diabetes mellitus patients [35 males, mean age (62.3 +/- 7.1) years]. Regression equation was ascertained with the IVUS derived plaque burden as dependent and QCA derived vessel stenosis as independent variable. The measurement results derived from the two modalities on proximal and distal reference vessels were compared., Result: The regression equation (constant = 0.8286, P = 0.001) of plaque burden and vessel stenosis derived from two modalities were significantly correlated (r = 0.691, P < 0.001) but QCA overestimated the stenosis severity (57.9% +/- 15.5% vs. 53.5% +/- 12.9%, P < 0.01). Target vessels negative remodeling index in these patient was 0.87 +/- 0.23. QCA significantly underestimated the proximal and distal reference segments vessel diameters [(0.81 +/- 0.24) mm, (0.64 +/- 0.17) mm, all P < 0.05] as compared to IVUS results., Conclusion: Due to the significant negative vessel remodeling, QCA overestimated the stenosis severity and underestimated the reference segments vessel diameters in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To observe the incidence and the predictors of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGH) in patients underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI)., Methods: UGH occurred in 21 out of 2279 PCI patients (0.92%). The clinical characteristics, procedural and prognostic status of all UGH patients were analyzed., Results: The incidence of UGH was significantly higher in patients aged more than 70 years, female, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer history, admission with ACS than patients without above factors. Platelet glucoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist use during the procedure and primary PCI also contributed to the development of UGH. Hospitalization time was significantly longer in patients with UGH compared with patients without UGH (13.8 versus 5.1 days, P < 0.001). The total MACCEs including myocardial infarction, TVR and death rate in patients with UGH were higher than that in patients without UGH (23.0% versus 9.3%, P < 0.01). Stepdown multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age more than 70 years (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.01 - 4.13, P < 0.01), admission with acute coronary syndrome (OR 1.91, 95% CI 0.57 - 2.52, P < 0.05) and history of peptic ulcer (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.17 - 2.25, P < 0.05) were the predictors of in-hospital UGH post PCI., Conclusion: Age more than 70 years, admission with ACS and peptic ulcer history were closely related to the development of in-hospital UGH post PCI and hospitalization was prolonged in UGH patients.

Objective: To identify the potential predictors of restenosis after bare mental stent (BMS) deployment in diabetic patients in Chinese diabetic patients., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients implanted with BMS (n = 1126 with 2376 lesions) in our department from 2002 to 2004. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was made to compare the clinical and angiographic characteristics between diabetic patients with and without restenosis. Restenosis was defined as > or = 50% diameter stenosis within the stent and 5 mm in adjacent., Results: The 6-month follow-up angiograms were available in 889 out of 1126 patients (78.9%) and 151 out of 889 patients (17%) were diabetic patients. Restenosis rate in nondiabetic patients group was 21.2% and 35.9% in diabetic patients (P < 0.001). The predictors of restenosis in diabetics were reference vessel diameter (< or = 3.0 mm), length of lesion (> 15 mm) and insulin use (P < 0.05). The restenosis predicting model showed that reference vessel caliber was the paramount predictor for restenosis in diabetic patients., Conclusions: Restenosis rate post BMS implantation is significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients. Vessel caliber, lesion length and insulin use are predictors of restenosis in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients with reference vessel diameter of > 3.0 mm combined with lesion length < 15 mm and non-diabetic patients with lesion length < 15 mm regardless of the vessel caliber could be treated with BMS since the predicted restenosis rate is lower than 15% in these patients, otherwise DES would be a better choice.