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With global warming, the global ocean is experiencing more and stronger marine heatwaves (MHWs) and less and weaker marine cold spells (MCSs). On the regional scale, the complex circulation structure means that the changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and extreme temperature anomaly events in the Taiwan Strait (TWS) exhibit unique regional characteristics. In summer (autumn), the SST in most regions of the TWS has a significant increasing trend with a regionally averaged rate of 0.22 °C (0.19 °C) per decade during the period 1982–2021. In winter and spring, the SST in the western strait shows a significant decreasing trend with a maximum decreasing rate of −0.48 °C per decade, while it shows an increasing trend in the eastern strait. The annual mean results show that the TWS is experiencing more MHWs and MCSs with time. The frequency of the MHWs in the eastern strait is increasing faster than that in the western strait. In the western region controlled by the Zhe-Min Coastal Current, the MCSs have an increasing trend while in the other areas they have a decreasing trend. The MHWs occur in most areas of the TWS in summer and autumn, but the MCSs are mainly concentrated in the west of the TWS in spring and winter. The cooling effect of summer upwelling tends to inhibit the occurrence of MHWs and enhance MCSs. The rising background SST is a dominant driver for the increasing trend of summer MHWs. By contrast, both the SST decreasing trend and internal variability contribute to the winter MCSs increasing trend in the strait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]