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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that brings heavy burdens to families and the society. This case-control study explored risk factors for ASD based on 74,252 children aged 3-12 years who were recruited from general education kindergartens, primary schools, and special education schools in Shanghai, China. One hundred ninety-two children were identified with ASD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--Fifth Edition. Male sex, the presence of anoxia or asphyxia at birth, artificial feeding, adverse maternal psychological status, complications during pregnancy and higher paternal education were associated with ASD even after controlling for age, residential district, family history of mental disorders, parental personality, and amount of daily TV viewing.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that brings heavy burdens to families and the society. This case-control study explored risk factors for ASD based on 74,252 children aged 3-12 years who were recruited from general education kindergartens, primary schools, and special education schools in Shanghai, China. One hundred ninety-two children were identified with ASD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition. Male sex, the presence of anoxia or asphyxia at birth, artificial feeding, adverse maternal psychological status, complications during pregnancy and higher paternal education were associated with ASD even after controlling for age, residential district, family history of mental disorders, parental personality, and amount of daily TV viewing., Author(s): Yuanyuan Lin [sup.1] , Guanghai Wang [sup.2] [sup.3] , You Yang [sup.1] , Xingming Jin [sup.1] , Hong Huang [sup.4] , Yiwen Zhang [sup.1] , Zhijuan Jin [sup.1] Author [...]

We estimated the prevalence of ASD in a population-based sample comprising children aged 3-12 years (N = 74,252) in Shanghai. This included a high-risk group sampled from special education schools and a low-risk group randomly sampled from general schools. First, we asked parents and then teachers to complete the Social Communication Questionnaire for participating children. Children who screened positive based on both parental and teachers' reports were comprehensively assessed. ASD was identified based on DSM-5 criteria. We identified 711 children as being at-risk for ASD, of which 203 were identified as ASD cases. The prevalence of ASD was 8.3 per 10,000, which is likely an underestimate, given that 81.6% of the children diagnosed with ASD had IQs below 40. This is the first report on the prevalence of ASD according to DSM-5 in China.

We estimated the prevalence of ASD in a population-based sample comprising children aged 3-12 years (N = 74,252) in Shanghai. This included a high-risk group sampled from special education schools and a low-risk group randomly sampled from general schools. First, we asked parents and then teachers to complete the Social Communication Questionnaire for participating children. Children who screened positive based on both parental and teachers' reports were comprehensively assessed. ASD was identified based on DSM-5 criteria. We identified 711 children as being at-risk for ASD, of which 203 were identified as ASD cases. The prevalence of ASD was 8.3 per 10,000, which is likely an underestimate, given that 81.6% of the children diagnosed with ASD had IQs below 40. This is the first report on the prevalence of ASD according to DSM-5 in China., Author(s): Zhijuan Jin [sup.1] [sup.2] , You Yang [sup.1] , Shijian Liu [sup.2] [sup.3] , Hong Huang [sup.2] , Xingming Jin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0004 0368 8293, grid.16821.3c, [...]

We present array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) characterization of a novel Xq21.1–25 duplication in a 2-year-old girl with facial dysmorphism, mental retardation and short stature. Analysis of aCGH results revealed a 47,232 kb duplication region that harbored 231 RefSeq genes, including 32 OMIM genes. Ten genes (i.e., ZNF711 , SRPX2 , RAB40AL , MID2 , ACSL4 , PAK3 , UBE2A , UPF3B , CUL4B , and GRIA3 ) in the duplication interval have been associated with mental retardation. We discuss the genotype–phenotype correlation in this case. Our case provides evidence for an association of mental retardation with X chromosome duplication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The effects of chronic exercise interventions (CEIs) on core symptoms and executive functions (EFs) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how different characteristics of CEIs could modify the effect remain unclear. We synthesized the current evidence on the effects of CEIs on core symptoms and EFs in children and adolescents with ADHD., Methods: Data sources include PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from database inception to July 31, 2022. Study selection includes randomized controlled trials that reported on the effects of CEIs on core symptoms and/or EFs in ADHD aged 6 to 18 years., Results: Twenty-two randomized controlled trials were included. CEIs had a small beneficial effect on overall core symptoms (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.64 to -0.14), as well as inattention (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.004) among children and adolescents with ADHD. Closed-skill exercise showed a large improvement in core symptoms (SMD = -0.83, 95% CI: -1.30 to -0.35), whereas open-skill exercise did not. Additionally, CEIs had a moderately beneficial effect on overall EFs (SMD = -0.68, 95% CI: -0.91 to -0.45) and a moderate-to-large effect on the specific domains of EFs. The pooled effects on overall core symptoms and EFs were not significantly modified by study population (children or adolescents), exercise session duration (≤50 or >50 minutes per session, median), or total exercise sessions (<24 or ≥24 sessions, median)., Conclusions: CEIs have small-to-moderate beneficial effects on overall core symptoms and EFs in children and adolescents with ADHD., (Copyright © 2023 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.)

Background: The evidence for adverse effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution on mental health is limited. Studies in Western countries suggested higher risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) associated with PM air pollution, but no such study has been done in developing countries., Methods: A case-control study was performed in Shanghai with a multi-stage random sampling design. Children's exposures to PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 1 μm, < 2.5 μm and < 10 μm, respectively) during the first three years after birth were estimated with satellite remote sensing data. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the PM-ASD association., Results: In total, 124 ASD cases and 1240 healthy controls were included in this study. The median levels of PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposures during the first three years of life were 48.8 μg/m 3 , 66.2 μg/m 3 and 95.4 μg/m 3 , respectively, and the interquartile range (IQR) for these three pollutants were 4.8 μg/m 3 , 3.4 μg/m 3 and 4.9 μg/m 3 , respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of ASD associated with an IQR increase for PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 1.86 (1.09, 3.17), 1.78 (1.14, 2.76) and 1.68 (1.09, 2.59), respectively. Higher ORs of ASD associated with PM pollution were observed in the second and the third year after birth., Conclusions: Exposures to PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 during the first three years of life were associated with the increased risk of ASD and there appeared to be stronger effects of ambient PM pollution on ASD in the second and the third years after birth., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)