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The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis by orchestrating the protein degradation, but is impaired in various diseases, including cancers. Several proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, are currently used in cancer treatment, but associated toxicity limits their widespread application. Recently metal complex-based drugs have attracted great attention in tumor therapy; however, their application is hindered by low water-solubility and poor absorbency. Herein, we synthesized a new type of gold (I) complex named Na-AuPT, and further characterized its anticancer activity. Na-AuPT is highly water-soluble (6 mg/mL), and it was able to potently inhibit growth of a panel of 11 cancer cell lines (A549, SMMC7721, H460, HepG2, BEL7402, LNCap, PC3, MGC-803, SGC-7901, U266, and K562). In A549 and SMMC7721 cells, Na-AuPT (in a range of 2.5-20 μM) inhibited the UPS function in a dose-dependent fashion by targeting and inhibiting both 20 S proteasomal proteolytic peptidases and 19 S proteasomal deubiquitinases. Furthermore, Na-AuPT induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in A549 and SMMC7721 cells, which was prevented by the metal chelator EDTA. Administration of Na-AuPT (40 mg · kg

Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites and cause a major public health threat worldwide. Development of anti-tick vaccines is regarded to be an optimal alternative for tick control. AV422, a unique protein in ticks, is secreted into hosts during blood-feeding, but its roles are not confirmed in Haemaphysalis flava ticks. We retrieved a gene fragment encoding AV422 from a transcriptome dataset of H. flava, and based on it, we reconstructed the full length of AV422 from H. flava (Hf-AV422) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Expression profiles of Hf-AV422 in whole ticks and organs of different engorgement levels were determined by qPCR. Then its opening reading frame (ORF) was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) assays were conducted to test anticoagulant activities of the purified recombinant protein (rHf-AV422). The full length of AV422 was 1152 bp. Hf-AV422 showed to be conserved as indicated by multiple sequence alignment. Expression of Hf-AV422 was significantly higher in salivary glands and cuticles than in ovaries. Its expression in whole ticks decreased during engorgement with the highest levels in 1/4 engorged ticks. rHf-AV422 prolonged PT, APTT and TT when incubated with rabbit plasma. Our data demonstrated that Hf-AV422 is a conserved salivary protein with anticoagulant activity. Further studies are needed to test in detail its functional properties to ensure it an adequate antigen candidate for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against ticks.

Objective: To explore novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) by the method of network pharmacology. Methods: The compounds contained in the Huashi Baidu Formula were searched by TCMSP database, the active components and their action targets were screened, and the proteins were standardized by Uniprot database, and the drug-active ingredienttarget network was constructed by Cytoscape3.7.2 software. The targets related to COVID- 19 were screened by GeneCards database. STRING database and DAVID database were used to construct and analyze PPI network, GO analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis(P < 0.05). Results: The "drug-active ingredient-target" network of Huashi Baidu Formula consists of 176 components and 149targets, including AR, ESR1, PTGS2, PPARG, NOS2 and so on. 251 targets related to COVID-19. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that there were 179 biological processes, mainly related to inflammation, regulation of apoptosis and immune response, and 82 KEGG related signaling pathways were obtained, including HIF-1, TNF, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, tuberculosis, PI3K-Akt, NF- κ B, MAPK and so on. Conclusion: Huashi Baidu Formula may regulate the immune and inflammatory response of the body by acting on AR, ESR1, PTGS2, PPARG, NOS2 and other targets, which is the result of multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel interaction.

The full-length cDNA of two ferritins of Haemaphysalis flava were cloned after which recombinant Hf-FER1 and Hf-FER2 were expressed and their function was analyzed. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) based on the injection of Hf-fer1 or Hf-fer2 dsRNA into fully engorged female ticks was performed. The cDNA encoding Hf-FER1 is 834 bp in length. It contains an iron-responsive element in the 5' untranslated region and encodes 174 amino acid residues. The full-length cDNA of Hf-FER2 contains 696 bp and encodes 199 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide sequence. Hf-FER1 and Hf-FER2 both have the ferroxidase iron center and the ferrihydrite nucleation center. The evolutionary relationship of Hf-FER1 and Hf-FER2 was established, and the predicted quaternary structures were assembled as typical spherical shells composed of 24 subunits which was demonstrated by nature PAGE. Real-time PCR showed that Hf-fer1 and Hf-fer2 were expressed in all developmental stages, with the highest expression in fully engorged females. The expression of Hf-fer1 and Hf-fer2 were relatively high in unfed larvae. Hf-fer1 was expressed in all tissues and was especially abundant in the salivary glands of fully engorged females. In contrast, the highest levels of Hf-fer2 were found in the midgut of fully engorged females, and no expression was found in the salivary glands of this life stage. Both recombinant Hf-FER1 and Hf-FER2 had iron-binding capabilities. Silencing of both Hf-fer1 and Hf-fer2 affected fecundity. Compared to the control, the percentage of ticks that laid eggs in the Hf-fer1 and Hf-fer2 RNAi groups was 73.3% and 66.7%, respectively. The silenced ticks that laid eggs had lower egg weight to body weight ratios, and the eggs had abnormal morphologies. The hatchability of eggs with normal morphology in the Hf-fer1 and Hf-fer2 silenced groups was 47.8% and 22.8%, respectively, which was significantly different from the control group (P0.005). These findings indicate that Hf-FER1 and Hf-FER2 play important roles in the iron storage of H. flava.

C15H11F, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.2490(3) Å, b = 7.6343(4) Å, c = 24.2376(9) Å, β = 90.914(4)°, V = 1156.15(9) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0619, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1829, T = 293(2) K.

The PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is frequently dysregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the mechanisms are not well-understood. The present study found that the ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 is highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and promotes NSCLC cell survival and tumor growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that TRIM25 binds to PTEN and mediates its K63-linked ubiquitination at K266. This modification prevents the plasma membrane translocation of PTEN and reduces its phosphatase activity therefore accumulating PI(3,4,5)P3. TRIM25 thus activates the AKT/mTOR signaling. Moreover, we found that the antibacterial nitroxoline can activate PTEN by reducing its K63-linked polyubiquitination and sensitizes NSCLC to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. This study thus identified a novel modulation on the PTEN signaling pathway by TRIM25 and provides a potential target for NSCLC treatment.

Atmospheric-pressure air plasma, powered by alternating current (AC) sine-wave high voltage, can in-situ regenerate deactivated Au nanocatalysts during CO oxidation, but it needs high-humidity air as the discharge gas. To overcome the limitation on humidity for in-situ regeneration of air plasma, a square-wave pulsed plasma is applied in this work. Differently from the AC plasma, the pulsed plasma exhibits excellent regeneration performance at any humidity. Further, surface carbonate decomposition, nitrogen oxides poisoning species and electric discharge of the pulsed plasma regeneration are investigated. For the pulsed plasma regeneration at any humidity, the evolution of CO2 concentration with the regeneration time almost keeps the same profile, featuring zero-order kinetics for the carbonate decomposition; on the other hand, whether in the gas phase or on the catalyst surface, there are no formation of poisoning nitrogen oxides. The pulsed plasma at any humidity has the powerful ability in carbonate decomposition and simultaneously prevents the formation of poisoning nitrogen oxides, which is ascribed to its highly centralized energy deposition with high instantaneous power and long interval of instantaneous power. For practical application, normal air is also confirmed to be qualified for the pulsed plasma regeneration.

In order to study the effects of atmospheric transport and the wet/dry deposition on the content and distribution of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in remote areas, seven types of OPEs including tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP), tridichloropropyl phosphate (TDCPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP), and tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) were analyzed in plants and snow samples in Hailuogou using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the pollution levels of the seven OPEs (∑7OPEs) in the plant samples ranged from 43.1 ng·g

Then the pixel shape index method is used to extract the pixel shape index features of high spatial resolution remote sensing images and supplement the spectral features.The experimental results show that the pixel shape index feature can effectively distinguish the ground objects with similar spectral features but different geometric shapes, and is superior to the spectral feature classification method in accuracy.Compared with the small ripple feature method and the multi-scale region feature method, the pixel shape index method also achieves better results.On the other hand, it is found in the experiment that the method is easily affected by the detailed information in the high spatial resolution remote sensing image, and the classification effect of the region rich in detailed information is not ideal.In this paper, pixel shape index method is used to effectively distinguish ground object targets with similar spectral features but different shapes, and extract pixel shape index features of high-resolution remote sensing images. Compared with spectral features, pixel shape index features have great advantages in accuracy, and it is also conducive to the supplement of spectral features.

Background Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is the pathological process caused by the death of the active components of the head of the femur due to the high dose of hormones, which has become a common public health problem. BuShenHuoXue capsule (BSHXC) has been clinically proven to be effective against the SONFH, the main pharmacological action of BSHXC is tonifying kidney and promoting blood circulation, but the mechanism remains to be explored. Methods We established a rat SONFH model by injecting Methylprednisolone (MPS) into the right gluteus muscle 30 mg/kg/d, 3 days of continuous injection every week, 4 weeks in total. According to the clinical dosage of BSHXC (Herba epimedium 3 g, Eucommia ulmoides 15 g, Salvia miltiorrhizae 30 g, Chuanxiong 15 g, Paeonia lactiflora Pall 15 g, Poria cocos 12 g, Achyranthes bidentata 12 g, antler gum 10 g, Cyperus rotundus L. Nine g and Radix Glycyrrhizae 9 g), it was converted into the equivalent dose of rats, and gavage was performed at the weight of 10 mL/kg, once per day. The BSHXC was subjected to experiments in vivo, SONFH pharmacodynamics, bioinformatics, and network of pharmacology to determine the active ingredients, and its protective role against SONFH, Enrichment analysis was performed to explore the possible mechanism of BSHXC, and cell experiments were undertaken to analyze the impact of BSHXC on the hormones associated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) between osteogenesis and apoptosis. Results Experiments confirmed that BSHXC could effectively reduce bone loss in SONFH rat models. From bioinformatics and a network constructed from 10 drugs-208 pharmacology-126 targets, the enrichment analysis showed that the core targets were inflammatory reaction, steroid hormones, estrogen receptors, osteoporosis, and adjustment of osteogenesis and osteoclast differentiation, among others. The cell proliferation and staining supported that the mechanism of BSHXC promoted osteogenesis and intervening in apoptosis. Conclusions The BSHXC reduced the inflammatory response, changed steroid response, regulated estrogen receptors, delayed osteoporosis, regulated osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation by regulating related targets, and improved the local microenvironment by a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-link process to delay or reverse the progression of SONFH.

Objective To use Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database coupled with Connectivity Map (CMap) databases to screen potential therapeutic drugs for osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) rapidly. Methods Raw genetic data with accession number GSE74089 that contained eight hip articular cartilage specimens from four ONFH patients and four healthy controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and were then integrated using R to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, to identify several potential small molecular compounds that were most strongly negatively correlated with ONFH, a search query of DEGs was explored by using CMap. Results Filtering revealed 1937 DEGs with log (fold‐change) ≥1 and adjust P value < 0.001. Finally, a network of candidate targets for ONFH with 135 nodes and 660 edges was constructed through network topology analysis, including 96 up‐regulated genes and 39 down‐regulated genes. Several significant gene functions and signaling pathways associated with pathological processes of ONFH were identified via gene enrichment analysis. Based on the CMap database, some potential small molecular components that may be possible to counteract the effects of molecular signal imbalance for ONFH were identified. Neostigmine bromide with low CMap score and P value and specificity score was predicted to be the most candidate compound, involved in the “positive regulation of stem cell proliferation,” “regulation of protein autophosphorylation,” “VEGF signaling pathway,” and “ECM‐receptor interaction.” Conclusions The GEO and CMap databases can be effectively used in understanding the molecular changes in ONFH and provide a systematic manner to identify potential drugs for ONFH prevention and treatment. However, additional clinical and experimental research of the candidate compound is warranted.

Chemoresistance is a leading obstacle in effective management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in PCa chemoresistance could improve treatment of patients with PCa. In the present study, using immune histochemical, chemistry, and precipitation assays with cells from individuals with benign or malignant prostate cancer or established PCa cell lines, we found that the oncogenic transcription factor pre-B cell leukemia homeobox-1 (PBX1) promotes PCa cell proliferation and confers to resistance against common anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin and cisplatin. We observed that genetic PBX1 knockdown abrogates this resistance, and further experiments revealed that PBX1 stability was modulated by the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. To directly probe the impact of this pathway on PBX1 activity, we screened for PBX1-specific deubiquitinases (Dubs) and found that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9x) interacted with and stabilized the PBX1 protein by attenuating its Lys-48-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, the USP9x inhibitor WP1130 markedly induced PBX1 degradation and promoted PCa cell apoptosis. The results in this study indicate that PBX1 confers to PCa chemoresistance and identify USP9x as a Dub of PBX1. We concluded that targeting the USP9x/PBX1 axis could be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing advanced prostate cancer.

With the aim of understanding the arc behaviors of a gliding arc (GA) in a magnetic field, arc shape, voltage-current characteristics, plasma parameters, rotational frequency and force analysis of a GA in a magnetically-driven 3D GA reactor are investigated. Three modes, straight (S-arc), forward-bent (FB-arc) and reverse-bent (RB-arc) arcs are observed by moving the magnet axially. It is demonstrated that the arc mode depends on the magnetic field, but is independent of the discharge current. The GA is a glow-like discharge with similar plasma parameters in all the modes. The S-arc mode has the fastest rotational frequency and the highest gas-treated fraction, thus is the optimal for gas conversion (ammonia decomposition to hydrogen as a model reaction in this work). A criterion of the S-arc mode, that the azimuthal Lorentz force applied by the magnetic field is proportional to the square of the radial distance, is deduced from the force analysis. In addition, a method to calculate the arc rotational frequency based on the torque balance between the Lorentz and drag forces is set up to explain why the S-arc has the fastest rotational frequency, and the calculated values agree well with the experimental results.

In-situ regeneration of deactivated Au nanocatalysts during CO oxidation, was conducted effectively by pure oxygen plasma, but poisoned by dry air plasma in our previous work (Appl. Catal. B 2012, 119–120, 49–55). With extension of previous study, a simple and effective technique of atmospheric-pressure cold plasma of humid air is explored for in-situ regeneration of Au nanocatalysts. In comparison with ineffective regeneration by dry plasma, humid plasma using synthetic air (20% O2 balance N2) as discharge gas surprisingly exhibited effective regeneration performance over Au catalyst due to significant contribution of water vapor. After plasma regeneration for 5 min, the regeneration degree of Au catalysts significantly increased up to 98% under humid plasma in presence of 2.77 vol.% water, while decreased down to negative 29% under dry plasma. To disclose the mechanism of water vapor contribution to greatly improved regeneration degree, the characterizations of regenerated catalysts, and the analyses of electric discharge characteristics and gaseous products during the plasma regeneration were conducted. The significant contribution of water vapor embodies in that it speeds up the decomposition of carbonate species and simultaneously inhibits the formation of poisoning species of nitrogen oxides. Furthermore, normal air instead of synthetic air in humid plasma regeneration was implemented on the evaluations of the deactivated Au catalysts after a long-term reaction and during ten deactivation-regeneration cycles, which ensured the feasibility and reliability of in-situ plasma regeneration of Au nanocatalysts as a simple, effective and promising technique.

The restrictions of the geo-environment are often ignored in urban planning, thereby directly causing a variety of geological hazards, including large areas of land subsidence in soft soil area. Based on the control objective of land subsidence, the geo-environmental capacity of ground buildings (GECGB) is defined. The relationship between floor area ratio (FAR) and land subsidence in Shanghai, China is analyzed. The results illustrate that land subsidence increases as FAR increases, and that the engineering environmental effect of the high-rise building group is the main factor affecting land subsidence in Shanghai, China. Hayashi’s Quantification Theory type I is selected to evaluate the GECGB of four typical areas in Shanghai. The prediction model is established based on existing background materials and the GECGB expressed by allowable FAR of the four typical areas are calculated. The evaluation approach promoted in this paper can be applied in urban planning to control the land subsidence induced by dense high-rise buildings.

The inverse problem of parameter identification is deal with by minimizing an objective function that contains the difference between observed and calculated dam displacements. The optimization problem of minimizing objective function is solved with genetic algorithm. The calculated dam displacements are simulated by using finite element method according to water level change acting on dam upstream. The practical dam displacements are observed on the dam crest. The investigation shows that the forecasted dam displacements agree well with observed ones. The effectiveness of proposed inversion procedure is validated.

Based on plastic-damage constitutive model of concrete, the developing process of damage domains is simulated for the earthquake analysis of concrete dam by taking account of the change of strain speed and stiffness degradation effect caused by material damage. The plastic-damage constitutive model is applied and the dam-reservoir dynamic interaction resulting from the transverse component of ground motion is modeled using the developed and generalized Westergaard formula added mass technique. Numerical simulation results show that the damaged domains mainly distribute at the change in geometry of upper part of the dam and vertical construction joints. The damaged domains of dam are same as the maximum tensile stress because the tensile strength of concrete is less its compress strength.

In order to improve the bearing capacity of dredged sediment dump pond for succeeding foundation reinforcement construction, upper layer was placed with a layer of cement solidified crust (CSC). For the special double layer foundation, field plate load tests were conducted to study the behaviors of failure mode, deformation and ultimate bearing capacity. Test results show the failure mode of the double layer foundation takes punch failure mode, the settlement around 10-15cm, the failure angle around 33-36 degree, the ultimate bearing capacities have a lineal relationship with the unconfined compressive strength and thickness of CSC, respectively.

A gliding arc discharge, as a source of warm plasma combining advantages of both thermal and cold plasmas, would have promising application prospects in the fields of fuel conversion, combustion enhancement, material synthesis, surface modifications, pollution control, etc. In order to gain insight into the features of an alternating-current gliding arc discharge plasma, three dimensionless factors, i.e., the extinction span (ψ), current lag (δ), and heating lag (χ) factors are proposed in this letter based on the measured waveforms of the discharge voltage and current in an AC gliding arc discharge plasma. The influences of the driving frequency of the power supply (f) on these three dimensionless parameters are investigated experimentally with the explanations on the physical meanings of these factors. The experimental results show that a higher value of f would lead to the lower values of ψ and δ, as well as a higher value of χ. These experimental phenomena indicate a lower threshold ignition voltage o...

Nowadays, global change has drawn world attention of scientists and governments. As the unique region unit, The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has become the essential area and the hot spot of studying climate change because of its unique nature in the global environmental variation. Glaciers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are very sensitive to the climate change as one of the important components in environment. In the last thirty years, climate change over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is obvious. More and more scientists pay attention to its modern climate change and its impact. Taking the topographic map (1:50000) in 1980 as the common base, the series of Landsat MSS, TM/ETM+ images that we used in the research are reprojected to the same coordinate system. Then all data sets are orthorectified based on the DEM data and are accurately co-registered to the topographic map with an accuracy of 1 pixel. All data sets are resampled to 28.5 meters in GRID format. Lakes in Naqu of Tibet are compiled by supervised classifications and on-screen digitizing by manual delineation from the digital images and the topographic map. In ArcGIS, the spatio-temporal integrated data of lake is generated. In this paper, the spatio-temporal variation of lakes in Naqu of Tibet during last thirty years by spatial and temporal integration using Remote Sensing and GIS technologies has been studied. The area of lakes and the quantity of lakes of every county in Naqu of Tibet have been calculated.

Lakes are very important in freshwater supply. At present, most of the lakes in the world are suffering from eutrophication with industrialization, economic growth, and human activities. Frequent monitoring and integrated management are necessary for lakes. Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) is the important indicator of phytoplankton and water quality. However, conventional methods for monitoring chl-a in lakes will waste more manpower and material resources and can't provide water quality information of the whole lake. Remote sensing technique is suitable to obtain spatial and temporal information quickly and frequently, and it will be widely applied in water quality monitoring for lakes in future because of its advantage of efficiency and long-term dynamic monitoring. The images covering the Tai Lake for the study are TM of 1991-07-23 and ETM+ of 2001-07-26.The chlorophyll-a concentration has been extracted from the two-period images of the Tai Lake based on a statistical model and the spatial distribution maps with three levels based on chlorophyll-a concentration have been made to display the distribution regularity of concentration.

Spatial heterogeneity of the vegetative will appear new change and new feature when we observe it with different scale. In order to understand the vegetative pattern and dynamic state well and profoundly, we must take into account the characteristics which vary with the different scales. Fractal geometry is a feasible tool to solve the problem. The spatial distribution of the vegetation is a typical fractal object and show details in different scales. The fractal dimension always embodies self-similar characteristics which mean they don't change with the scales. Consequently, comparing the spatial pattern and the fractal dimension between different scales will make us understand the spatial pattern roundly. Based on regionalized variable theories, geo-statistics is one kind of spatial statistical theory used to explore the correlativity and dependence between spatial variables. The first character of this method is its emphasis on the importance of spatial dependence of variables. In practical research, semi-variance values of ecological factors or other indices can be calculated from the semi-variance formulate according to the theory, and then, semi-variogram can be drawn, distribution character of the vegetation (such as clumped or uniform pattern) can be found from the graph. Mathematical models simulation should be used in quantification of this character. In this paper, we take the vegetation of XINJIANG province for example. The fractal dimension was calculated by the double-logarithm semi-variogram. The lower the value of the fractal dimension is, the higher heterogeneity the distribution of vegetation has.

The land area extracted from images of different scales is invariable in theory, but due to existence of the mixed pixels expecially in lower spatial resolution, the area that we retrieve from the remotely sensed images varies with scale. So scale effect exists. The histo-variogram which was presented by Hao Zhang et al, has shown potential prospect in the future and has been applied well in spatial analysis and image fusion. A concept, the turning point of scale is introduced basing and histo-variogram and fractal theory. Basing on it, a scale-transformation method is presented. The results show that the error of estimating area of the standing pixels is less when taking the turning point of scale into account. Though the area extracted from the thematic maps in different resolution varies with scale irregularly, the area of the standing pixels varies with the scale irregularly, the area of the standing pixels varies wit the scale regularly. Based on the theory of the histo-variogram, we can infer the area of the standing pixels and count the ratio of the different kinds of ground objects from the non-standing pixels. Thus, area of different ground objects in different scales can be acquired and the accuracy improved greatly at the same time. The images for the study are TM and ASTER of SHUN YI experiment district, Beijing, China. The MODIS data wit the same time in the district will be used also.

To explore in-vivo regulation of T cells in pulmonary tissues of ovalbumin(OVA)-sensitized mice by BCG and its effect on airway inflammatory reaction.Thirty BALB/c mice (male and female, 6 to 8 weeks of age) were divided into 3 groups. For the mice of first group, aerosol OVA was inhaled daily for 20 minutes once for 10 days running, so as to establish a OVA-sensitized mouse model. In the mice of second group, aerosol normal solution was inhaled according to the time and frequency of the first group. In the third group, the mice were intradermally injected with BCG of 0.04 to 0.06 mg on 10 and 14 days before OVA sensitization, respectively, and then aerosol purified protein derivative (PPD) was inhaled to the mice on 6 days after OVA sensitization. The changes in the number of CD4(+), CD8(+) and IFN-gamma(+) T cells in the inflammatory tissues and changes in the inflammatory cells in the inflammatory tissues and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by SABC immuno-histochemical staining.The number of CD4(+) T cells significantly increased in the pulmonary tissues of OVA-sensitized mice, which mainly was the increased number of CD4(+)/IFN-gamma(-) T cells, While the number of CD8(+) T cells had no notable variation, thus the ratio of CD4(+)/IFN-gamma(+) T cells descended. After BCG treatment, the number of CD8(+) T cells markedly increased, so the ratio of CD4(+)/ IFN-gamma(+) T cells variously rose, whereas the number of inflammatory cells decreased in BALF.BCG can upregulate the number of Th1 cells and lighten the airway inflammatory reaction of experimental asthma mice.

To investigate the effect of gastrodia in extracorporeal oriented inducing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells.Mesenchymal stem cells were separated from bone marrow of rats by wall sticking method, amplifying cultured in vitro, and differentiated into neuron-like cells by oriented induction with gastrodia. The morphology of cells was observed under light microscopy, neuro-specific enolase (NSE), nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunocytochemistry.Rats mesenchymal stem cells could be separated and amplified in vitro. After being induced by gastrodia for 2 hrs, most of the cells would be differentiated into meuron-like cells, revealing cytodendrite. By immunochemical staining, cells showed positive of NSE, nestin, and negative of GFAP.Rats' mesenchymal stem cells could be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells.

An annular-mode gliding arc discharge powered by a 50 Hz alternating current (ac) supply was studied in a vortex flow of dry and humid air. Its temporal evolution characteristics were investigated by electrical measurement, temporally resolved imaging, and temporally resolved optical emission spectroscopic measurements. Three discharge stages of arc-ignition, arc-gliding, and arc-extinction were clearly observed in each half-cycle of the discharge. During the arc-gliding stage, the intensity of light emission from the arc root at the cathode was remarkably higher than that at other areas. The spectral intensity of N2(C3Πu−B3Πg) during the arc-ignition stage was much higher than that during the arc-gliding stage, which was contrary to the temporal evolutions of spectral intensities for N2+(B2Σu+−X2Σg+) and OH(A2Σ+−X2Πi). Temporally resolved vibrational and rotational temperatures of N2 were also presented and decreased with increasing the water vapor content.

Vibrational and rotational temperatures were simultaneously determined in a kilohertz alternating current (ac) gliding arc discharge by using overlapped emission spectra of N2(C 3Πu–B 3Πg) with OH(A 2Σ+–X 2Πi) and with . The simulated emission spectra of OH(A 2Σ+–X 2Πi) and were largely overlapped by radiation transition bands of N2(C 3Πu–B 3Πg) when the rotational temperature was elevated from 500 K to 2500 K. The temporally resolved vibrational and rotational temperatures in a discharge voltage period suggested that the rotational temperature from OH(A 2Σ+–X 2Πi) was remarkably larger than that from N2(C 3Πu–B 3Πg) and . The ratio of number densities of excited electronic states was also determined based on the overlapped emission spectra.