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Invasive process of alien species is affected by not only the invaded habitats, but also the surrounding landscape matrix. Understanding the effects of landscape matrix on alien species is of great significance for controlling invasive alien species. We surveyed plant communities along the water-level fluctuating zone (WLFZ) of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Invasive status of alien plant species was evaluated. Totally 10 spatial scales of the surrounding landscape matrix in the scope of 2000 m (including WLFZ) were classified, and 14 landscape indices were applied to analyze the landscape matrix composition and configuration. Using the principal component analysis and correlation analysis, the effects of landscape matrix on the alien invasive plant species and associated scale effect were tested. Results showed that a total of 42 alien invasive plant species were found in the WLFZ, belonging to 17 families and 36 genera. Fuling was a dividing place to differentiate invasive species distribution. The number of the alien invasive species between Fuling and the Three Gorges Dam was found more than that between Fuling and Jiangjin. For the all scales (within 2000 m). The higher the landscape matrix fragmentation was, the more difficult the alien species invading. The higher landscape connectivity was, the easier the alien species invading. The effects of landscape matrix composition and configuration on the invasive plant diversity at large scales (1200-2000 m) was more significant than those at small scales (200-1000 m), in which landscape matrix composition and configuration at 1200-1400 m showed the strongest effect, demonstrating a significant spatial scale effect. Different invasive plant species showed the scale effects of landscape matrix composition and configuration. At all scales,外来物种入侵过程不仅受入侵地生境的影响,也受到周边景观基质的影响。厘清景观基质对外来入侵物种的影响,对于外来物种的入侵管控具有重要意义。本研究针对长江三峡库区消落带植物群落开展调查,评估三峡库区消落带外来植物入侵现状;在岸线以上(含消落带)2000 m范围内划分出10个景观格局尺度,采用14个指标分析景观基质组成结构;通过主成分分析和相关分析,探究景观基质组成结构对外来植物入侵的影响以及空间尺度效应。结果表明: 三峡库区消落带外来入侵植物共17科36属42种,其分布呈现出以涪陵为界的特征,涪陵至三峡大坝的外来入侵物种多于涪陵至江津段。整体上(2000 m尺度内),景观基质破碎化程度越高,外来植物入侵难度越大;景观连通性越高,外来植物越容易入侵。大尺度上(1200～2000 m)的景观组成结构对入侵植物多样性的影响明显大于小尺度(200～1000 m),其中,1200～1400 m尺度的影响最强,呈明显的空间尺度效应。不同入侵植物受景观基质组成结构的影响也表现出尺度效应。其中,苍耳和大狼把草与景观组成结构指标在各个尺度下均表现出弱相关性,而狼把草及小蓬草与景观基质组成结构表现出强相关性。景观基质组成结构与外来植物入侵密切关联,且具明显尺度效应。外来植物入侵可追溯到大尺度的景观基质,以小尺度内草地、森林等斑块类型为“脚踏石”过渡,最终达到消落带。针对消落带外来植物的管控,应该在强化消落带生境管理的基础上,加强景观基质不同尺度上的土地利用管理和优化,形成多元化的综合管控模式。.

High-throughput drug screening microfluidic chip has good biocompatibility and faveriable functional integration, which is the excellent platform for high-throughput screening. Importantly, FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) technology is the most efficient detection means at present. In this paper, we introduce the development of drug screening microfluidic chip on cellular level and the application of FRET technology on cell detection. Further, we discusse the possibility of FRET applied in the field of microfluidic biochip.

In this paper, an iterative algorithm for solving the strong vector equilibrium problem with variable domination structure (VSVEP) is considered. First, an auxiliary problem for the VSVEP is introd...

This paper studies the exponential stabilization issue for linear discrete-time delayed systems (L-DDS) by event- triggered control (ETC) . The ETC scheme is based on the state feedback control which is updated when an event is triggered via a triggering condition. Under the designed ETC, the closed-loop L-DDS is a discrete-time switched system with the switchings driven by events expressed by a condition of state. Criteria for achieving exponential stabilization by the ETC is derived. Thus the exponential stabilization is achieved for L-DDS by the designed ETC. The algorithm with some discussions on the non-triviality are given for the improvement of ETC. Finally, one example with numerical simulations is worked out for illustration.

This paper studies the issue of the almost exponential stabilization for stochastic dynamical systems (SDS) by using event-triggered impulsive control (ETIC). The ETIC scheme is designed by setting three levels of event conditions. The criteria on almost exponential stabilization are derived for the controlled SDS. Thus the almost exponential stabilization is achieved for SDS under the designed ETIC. Finally, one example is given for illustration.

In response to hepatitis B surface antigen colloidal gold strip rapid analyzer application characteristics, design a new type hepatitis B fast analyzer control system using the embedded method. The control system based on ARM-DSP dual-core architecture, with low power consumption, small volume, anti interference, for hepatitis B surface antigen colloidal gold strip rapid analyzer is miniaturized and portable design foundation.

According to the operator experiences, the variable rate fertilization system based on the fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is researched in this paper, which is driven by electrically and hydraulic system. This system solves the problem that the parameters adjustment of the traditional PID is difficult. The system model is presented and is simulated by using MATLAB/ SIMULINK toolbox. The simulation results shows that the fuzzy self-tuning PID control could obtain better dynamic response and achieve the expected control effects. In order to verify this control system performance, many experiments are carried on in the lab. The experiments results show that the variable rate fertilization system based on fuzzy self-tuning PID control has high control accuracy and could meet the control requirements of the variable rate fertilization in precision agriculture.

A new human action recognition approach was presented based on chaotic invariants and relevance vector machines (RVM). The trajectories of reference joints estimated by skeleton graph matching were adopted for representing the nonlinear dynamical system of human action. The C-C method was used for estimating delay time and embedding dimension of a phase space which was reconstructed by each trajectory. Then, some chaotic invariants representing action can be captured in the reconstructed phase space. Finally, RVM was used to recognize action. Experiments were performed on the KTH, Weizmann and Ballet human action datasets to test and evaluate the proposed method. The experiment results show that the average recognition accuracy is over 91.2%, which validates its effectiveness.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has attracted many attentions because it has a similar structure to that of human bones and favorable biocompatibility. However, the antibacterial effect of HA must be improved. In this paper, HA nanoparticles were prepared by a simple method. Then, Ag-carrying HA powder (Ag-HA) was prepared by an ion-solution reaction and its antibacterial property was investigated. The results showed that Ag-HA powder had excellent ability in inhibiting the growth of two species of bacteria, namely E. coli and S. aureus. Ag ion was believed to play a key role in killing bacteria.

Nd:YAG laser machining of bioceramics was investigated. A group of optimal parameters is proposed for the machining, according to a study on the influence of the laser parameters and machining parameters on the machining.

Uniform polystyrene (PSt) particles with the size of 1.9 μm were first prepared via dispersion polymerization, and then used as the seeds in a second-stage dispersion copolymerization of styrene (St) and methacrylic acid (MAA) to produce carboxyl-carrying microspheres. The PSt seed particles were swollen by monomer mixture of St and MAA, including an oil-soluble initiator 2,2′-azobisiso-butyronitrile (AIBN), before polymerization. Finally, uniform PS/P(St/MAA) (polydispersity index, PDI = 1.02) microspheres with the size of 2.2 μm were obtained. The average particle size and size distribution of the final microspheres were investigated. MAA contents between 54 and 97 mg/g were detected from the PS/P(St/MAA) particles produced under different conditions. Dispersion medium has great influence on the kinetics of polymerization, due to its effect on the partitioning of monomers, solvents, and initiator in the particle phase, probably as well as on the conformation of the dispersion agent on the surface of the particles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3586–3591, 2006

Micron-size functional crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles with narrow size distribution in the range of 1∼5 µm were prepared by dispersion copolymerization in polar media with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) as steric stabilizer, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) as initiator and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking agent. The effects of functional comonomer acrylic acid (AA) concentration, contents in AIBN, EGDMA and PVP, media polarity as well as reaction temperature on the particle size and size distribution were investigated. Particle size initially increased, and then decreased with increasing AA concentration in the range of 0.7∼3.5 mol l−1, having a maximum of 5.01 µm at the concentration of 2.1 mol l−1, while size distribution became broader. This was regarded as the result of different roles of PAA in the process. Particle size increased with decreasing media polarity and stabilizer concentration, and with increasing initiator concentration and reaction temperature. The resulting particle shapes were observed by transmission electron microscopy and the presence of carboxyl groups on the surface of the particles was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry

Design process of long roots Chinese herbal medicine harvester is analyzed,3D solid modeling based on Pro/E for the herbal medicine harvester is made.Virtual assembly for harvest using Pro/E assembly module,also with movement simulation and analysis for it's key components is made in this paper. All of above provides reference and basis for physical prototype implementation of Chinese herbal harvester machine,and the key components are optimized,the maximum stress mainly distributed in the junction of digging shovel straight and bevel,edge is determined ,with the value is 0.53MPa.

Monodisperse highly crosslinked microspheres were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in an ethanol/water medium using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as the stabilizer. The locus of polymerization and growth of particles were investigated. The polymerization kinetics, average particle diameter (D n ), polydispersity index (PDI), and numbers of particles (N p ) were presented. When the initial styrene concentration is below 20%, the results indicate that the polymerization occurs in the particles, and the particles grow to their final size by the diffusion of monomer and oligomer into the existing particles. The polymerization rate can be described by the equation R P = k[l] 0.87 ([St] 1.91 + [DVB] 0.09 )(1 + [PUP] 0.01 exp(- 45.35/RT). The data from infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the graft stabilizer was present. The dissolution experiments show that the crosslinking reaction occurred irregularly in batch dispersion polymerization. Using the postaddition approach, up to 3% divenylbenzene (DVB) was successfully incorporated in the synthesis of coagulum-free substance, and monodisperse crosslinked 5 μm microspheres with a superior resistance to solvents have been prepared.

KrF excimer laser precision machining of porous hard-brittle ceramic biomaterials was studied to find a suitable way of machining the materials into various desired shapes and sizes without distorting their intrinsic structure and porosity. Calcium phosphate glass ceramics (CPGs) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were chosen for the study. It was found that KrF excimer laser can cut both CPGs and HA with high efficiency and precision. The ablation rates of CPGs and HA are respectively 0.081 µm/(pulse J cm(-2)) and 0.048 µm/(pulse J cm(-2)), while their threshold fluences are individually 0.72 and 1.5 J cm(-2). The cutting quality (smoothness of the cut surface) is a function of laser repetition rate and cutting speed. The higher the repetition rate and lower the cutting speed, the better the cutting quality. A comparison between the cross sections of CPGs and HA cut using the excimer laser and using a conventional diamond cutting blade indicates that those cut by the excimer laser could retain their intrinsic porosity and geometry without distortion. In contrast, those cut by conventional machining had distorted geometry and most of their surface porosities were lost. Therefore, when cutting hard-brittle ceramic biomaterials to prepare scaffold and implant or when sectioning them for porosity evaluation, it is better to choose KrF excimer laser machining.

A new statistical method called "bilingual chunking" for structure alignment is proposed. Different with the existing approaches which align hierarchical structures like sub-trees, our method conducts alignment on chunks. The alignment is finished through a simultaneous bilingual chunking algorithm. Using the constrains of chunk correspondence between source language (SL) and target language (TL), our algorithm can dramatically reduce search space, support time synchronous DP algorithm, and lead to highly consistent chunking. Furthermore, by unifying the POS tagging and chunking in the search process, our algorithm alleviates effectively the influence of POS tagging deficiency to the chunking result.The experimental results with English-Chinese structure alignment show that our model can produce 90% in precision for chunking, and 87% in precision for chunk alignment.