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Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening have been demonstrated to be effective methods for controlling cervical cancer. To provide evidence for effective targeted interventions, we investigated the HPV prevalence and genotypic distribution in women of different age groups in the Longgang community of Shenzhen, China. Methods A total of 29 263 women were enrolled in the Longgang District Central Hospital from January 2018 to October 2020. Cervical specimens were collected at enrolment. We used a polymerase chain reaction diagnostic kit to detect the genotypes of HPV. Results The prevalence of overall, high-risk, probable high-risk (PHR) and low-risk HPV infection was 8.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9 to 8.5), 6.9% (95% CI 6.6 to 7.2), 0.9% (95% CI 0.8 to 1.1) and 1.6% (95% CI 1.5 to 1.8), respectively. High-risk HPV genotype infections accounted for 84.4% (95% CI 82.8 to 85.8) of the overall HPV infections. The five most predominant genotypes were HPV-52, HPV-16, HPV-58, HPV-53 and HPV-51. Conclusion Our study found that the prevalence of HPV infection increased with age and women 55–59 y of age presented the highest HPV prevalence. As a PHR subtype, HPV-53 has a higher infection rate in women. HPV-52, HPV-16 and HPV-58 are common infection genotypes.

The colonization of bacterial pathogens is a major concern in wound infection and becoming a public health issue. Herein, a core-shell structured Ag@MSN (silver core embedded with mesoporous silica, AM)-based nanoplatform was elaborately fabricated to co-load ciprofloxacin (CFL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) small interfering RNA (siTNF-α) (AMPC@siTNF-α) for treating the bacterial-infected wound. The growth of bacterial pathogens was mostly inhibited by released silver ions (Ag+) and CFL from AMPC@siTNF-α. Meanwhile, the loaded siTNF-α was internalized by macrophage cells, which silenced the expression of TNF-α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) in macrophage cells and accelerated the wound healing process by reducing inflammation response. In the in vivo wound model, the Escherichia coli (E. coli)-infected wound in mice almost completely disappeared after treatment with AMPC@siTNF-α, and no suppuration symptom was observed during the course of the treatment. Importantly, this nanoplatform had negligible side effects both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study strongly demonstrates the promising potential of AMPC@siTNF-α as a synergistic therapeutic agent for clinical wound infections.

Flows in discharge and energy dissipation buildings generally carry a considerable amount of energy. Therefore, it is important to optimize the discharge and energy dissipation to eliminate the redundant energy as much as possible for the safety of the hydro-junction project and the downstream area. In this paper, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model is applied to optimize the discharge and energy dissipation related to hydraulic jumps for a large-scale real hydro-junction project. The capability of the model in resolving hydraulic jumps is validated by comparing the model results with experimental data. Then, the model is applied to optimize the real hydro-junction project, which requires a sizeable computational effort. The optimization is based on comparisons of the velocity field, the location of the jump toe and the energy dissipation rate between two different schemes for the stilling basin. It is found that the two-stage stilling basin is more effective for energy dissipation than the one-stage stilling basin with the same length. Therefore, two-stage energy dissipation should be adopted for discharge and energy dissipation buildings for similar hydro-junction projects.

Dysglycemia are involved in the development of functional impairment after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between acute glycemic variability and functional outcome in patients with AIS. Cohort studies were obtained by search Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from inception to November, 2021. A random-effect model which incorporates the intra-study heterogeneity was chosen to pool the results. Ten cohort studies including 3038 patients were included, and 1319 (43.4%) had poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale >2) up to three months after disease onset. Pooled results showed that higher acute GV was associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcome, as evidenced by GV evaluated by the standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG, OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.65, I2=60%, p

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The most important reason for the occurrence of HCC is hepatitis C or B infection. Moreover, genetic factors play an important role in the tumorigenesis of HCC. Here, we demonstrated that Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) expression was downregulated in HCC samples compared with adjacent tissues. Additionally, KLF2 was shown to inhibit the growth, migration and colony-formation ability of liver cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that KLF2 can compete with Gli1 for interaction with HDAC1 and restrains Hedgehog signal activation. Together, our results suggest that KLF2 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.

Purpose Long noncoding RNA PVT1 is dysregulated in some human tumors and has been found to increase the risk of tumor progression and poor prognosis. This study aimed to reanalyze the effect of PVT1 on tumorous prognosis. Materials and methods The effect of PVT1 on metastasis and survival were analyzed by univariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model for 32 types of cancer in the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), and the relationship between PVT1 level and expression of relative genes was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis. RevMan5.3 and STATA14.0 were used to estimate pooled effects of PVT1 on cancer prognosis with data from TCGA and published studies. Results In TCGA data, high PVT1 expression tended to increase the risk of TNM progression and decreased the overall survival (OS) time in most of cancers. The pooled effect of PVT1 on TNM (pooled-OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.29–1.65) and OS (pooled HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.22–1.43), calculated from 37 and 48 cohorts, identified that high PVT1 expression promoted the metastasis and poor prognosis of cancer. Furthermore, the pooled ORs of 2.77 (95% CI: 1.65–4.66), 4.32 (95% CI: 1.99–9.36), 1.35 (95% CI: 1.01–1.80), 1.62 (95% CI: 1.21–2.18) and 1.48 (95% CI: 1.02–2.15) provided evidence that PVT1 played a role in lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, distant metastasis, differentiation and lymphatic invasion; while the expression of 24 identified target genes was significantly associated with PVT1 level, and high PVT1 expression dependently decreased the OS time under the influence of co-expression genes (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.25–1.32) in high-throughput RNA sequencing merging data. In addition, the expression of PVT1 could be upregulated by smoking, with the pooled OR being 1.09 (95% CI 1.01–1.16). Conclusion PVT1 is a dependent biomarker for tumorous prognosis surveillance. However, the reference value of PVT1 needs further study.

The success or failure of river closure is directly related to the construction period and project benefit. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the river closure by an appropriate method. In this paper, a 1D&ndash, 2D coupled river closure model is established to optimize the closure flow rate, closure period, and layout of a real closure project. The 1D transition model between open channel flow and pressurized flow is established by a finite volume scheme. For the 2D model, 2D shallow water equations are solved using an unstructured finite volume scheme. The 1D model and 2D model are coupled by considering the mass and momentum conservation. To validate the model, a physical experiment of a real river closure project is set up according to the gravity similarity criterion with a scale of 1:80. Then, the experimental data obtained by the calibrated physical experiment is compared with the numerical results. Good agreements are achieved in terms of surface elevation, velocity, and flow rate. Finally, the real river closure project is further investigated by the model. The layout, closure flow rate and closure period of this project is analyzed and optimized. The original design of the berm is more suitable to discharge the flow. Moreover, the first stage cofferdam should be removed to floor elevation upstream and downstream of the dam. The river closure flow rate should not exceed 2380 m3/s.

Hydraulic jumps are a rapid transition from supercritical to subcritical flow and generally occur in rivers or spillways. Owing to the high energy dissipation rate, hydraulic jumps are widely applied as energy dissipators in hydraulic projects. To achieve efficient and accurate simulations of 2D hydraulic jumps in open channels, a parallel Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model (WCSPH) with Shepard Density filter was established in this study. The acceleration of the model was obtained by OpenMP to reduce execution time. To further reduce execution time, a suitable and efficient scheduling strategy was selected for the parallel numerical model by comparing parallel speed-ups under different scheduling strategies in OpenMP. Following this, two test cases of uniform flow in open channels and hydraulic jumps with different inflow conditions were investigated to validate the model. The comparison of the water depth and velocity fields between the numerical results and the analytical solution generally showed good agreement, although there was a minor discrepancy in conjugate water depths. The numerical results showed free surface undulation with decreasing amplitude, which is more consistent with physical reality, with a low inflow Froude number. Simultaneously, the Shepard filter was able to smooth the pressure fields of the hydraulic jumps with a high inflow Froude number. Moreover, the parallel speed-up was generally able to reach theoretical maximum acceleration by analyzing the performance of the model according to different particle numbers.

Cadmium, a human carcinogenic heavy metal, has been reported to be associated with breast cancer risk; however, the results from the epidemiological studies are not always consistent. The objective of this study was to quantitatively summarize the current evidence for the relationship between cadmium exposure and breast cancer risk using meta -analysis methods. Six studies determining the dietary cadmium intake level and five studies evaluating the urinary cadmium level were identified in a systematic search of MEDLINE and PubMed databases, and the associations between these levels and breast cancer risk were analysed. The pooled estimates under the random-effects model suggested that higher urinary cadmium levels were associated with an increased risk for breast cancer (highest versus lowest quantile, pooled odds ratio [OR]=2.24, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=1.49–3.35) and a 1μg/g creatinine increase in urinary cadmium led to a 1.02-fold increment of breast cancer (pooled OR=2.02, 95%CI=1.34–3.03); however, pooled estimates for dietary cadmium intake found no significant association between cadmium exposure and breast cancer risk (highest versus lowest quantile, pooled relative risk [RR]=1.01, 95%CI=0.89–1.15). These results suggest that cadmium exposure may lead to an increased risk of breast cancer, and urinary cadmium levels can serve as a reliable biomarker for long-term cadmium exposure and may predict the breast cancer risk.

An internal solitary wave (ISW) interaction with different type horizontal cylinders are investigated. The forces induced by ISW on horizontal cylinders are presented. Distributions of the maximum dynamic pressures and flow fields around cylinders are described. Good agreements between numerical results and experimental data of forces on the isolated cylinder are achieved. For the extended cylinder, the vertical forces per unit length increase with the increase in the extended length. The horizontal forces on the extended cylinder change from increasing to decreasing after the centre-to-centre distance exceeding 3.5 times the diameter of the isolated cylinder. The peak and valley values of maximum dynamic pressures impose on the lower side of the leading edge and upper side of the trailing edge of the extended cylinder, respectively. The horizontal forces on each of the two tandem cylinders with different centre-to-centre distances are smaller than those on the isolated cylinder, indicating that the two cylinders play a role to protect each other. The comparison of forces between the two cylinders indicates that larger horizontal forces and smaller vertical forces are imposed on the rear cylinder. The maximum dynamic pressures around the rear cylinder are smaller than those around the front cylinder.

Vast number of somatic mutations has been proved to be affected by the factors of sequencing methods, analysis pipelines and validation methods. We here showed the effect of autologous reference types on the detection of cancer-associated somatic mutations with the somatic single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and clinical data of solid tumors from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). The distribution of somatic SNVs was significantly different among groups of autologous references in 6 cancers detected by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and 5 cancers detected by the random sequencing of exonic regions selected from the genome (WXS), especially in protein coding region of 5 cancers with age, gender and TNM adjusted. In addition, only 60.24% (95% CI: 49.65%–70.83%) of the somatic SNVs called from normal blood by WXS were found in those called from normal solid tissue tested by WXS / WGS, while 31.78% (95%CI: 4.14%–59.42%) of the somatic SNVs called from normal tissue adjacent to primary by WXS were found in those from normal blood tested by WXS / WGS. These findings suggested that more representative types of normal tissues should be included in detection of cancer-associated somatic mutations.

Yunfeng Zhang,1,* Jinbo Lin,2,* Wenjie Huang,3,* Yong Cao,4 Yi Liu,4 Tieqiang Wang,4 Weiyi Zhong,4 Dongli Wang,4 Rongrong Mao,4 Xiaoliang Chen4 1Surgical Operating Room, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, 2Medical Oncology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, 3Medical Oncology, Guangming District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, 4Chronic Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: Abnormal expression of miR-223 in cancerous tissue has confirmed it as an important player in tumorigenesis of cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, osteosarcoma, gastric cancer, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between circulating miR-223 and prognosis of cancers. Methods: The studies were accessed by an electronic search of multiple databases. RevMan5.3 and STATA14.0 were used to estimate the heterogeneity among studies, pooled effects, and publication bias. Results: Ten studies with data of 1,002 patients with cancer were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of metastasis from stages 3 to 4 of TNM did not decrease when high versus low circulating expression of miR-223 were compared (pooled odds ratio =0.50, 95% CI: 0.24–1.03). In case of prognosis, the overall survival time was not significantly longer with high circulating miR-223 expression (pooled hazard ratio [HR] =0.64, 95% CI: 0.38–1.11) in all cancer types. However, the overall survival time of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (pooled HR =0.19, 95% CI: 0.07–0.54) increased in subgroup analysis. Moreover, the treatment-free survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was significantly increased with high circulating miR-223 expression (pooled HR =0.38, 95% CI: 0.23–0.64). Conclusion: Circulating miR-223 was not an effective biomarker in prognosis surveillance in all cancers but in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Keywords: miR-223, carcinoma, metastasis, prognosis, meta-analysis

Purpose High expression of highly upregulated in iver cancer (HULC) has been found associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis with cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled effect of HULC on metastasis and prognosis of cancers. Method The studies were accessed using multiple databases. RevMan5.3 and STATA14.0 were used to estimate pooled effects, the heterogeneity among studies, and publication bias for the association of HULC and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 9 studies of 966 cancer patients were included. Risk of lymph node metastasis was increased with high versus low HULC expression (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 4.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–14.63) as was distant metastasis (pooled OR = 5.44, 95% CI 2.33–12.74). Furthermore, OS time was shortened with high HULC expression (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48, 95% CI 1.03–2.12), especially in Chinese patients (pooled HR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.55–2.68), and risk of recurrence was increased (pooled OR = 6.68, 95% CI 2.77–16.13). Conclusion HULC might be a potential biomarker for therapy and prognosis surveillance in cancers.

// Yingjun Ma 1, * , Yunfang Chen 2, * , Jinbo Lin 3, * , Yi Liu 4 , Kai Luo 5 , Yong Cao 4 , Tieqiang Wang 4 , Hongwei Jin 4 , Zhan Su 4 , Haolin Wu 4 , Xiaoliang Chen 4 , Jinquan Cheng 6 1 Respiratory Medicine, Guangming District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China 2 Pain Department, The Eight Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China 3 Medical oncology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P.R. China 4 Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China 5 Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China 6 Molecular Biology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Xiaoliang Chen, email: 120497143@qq.com Jinquan Cheng, email: cjinquan@szcdc.net Keywords: miR-31, carcinoma, detection, prognosis, meta-analysis Received: December 07, 2016 Accepted: January 29, 2017 Published: February 23, 2017 ABSTRACT Purpose: Circulating miR-31 was found to be associated with cancers detection and prognosis. The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the effect of circulating miR-31 on cancer detection and prognosis. Method: The studies were accessed using multiple databases. RevMan5.3, Meta-DiSc 1.4, and STATA14.0 were used to estimate the pooled effects, heterogeneity among studies, and publication bias. Results: A total of 14 studies with 1397 cancer patients and 1039 controls were included. For the 12 prognostic tests, the adjusted pooled-AUC was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73-0.86) as the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odd ratio (DOR) from 10 tests was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76-0.82), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76-0.82), 3.81 (95% CI: 2.90-5.01), 0.26 (95% CI: 0.20-0.35), and 16.81 (95% CI: 9.67-29.25), respectively. For the 5 prognosis analyses, the pooled HR (hazard ratio) of overall survival (OS) was 1.55 (95% CI 1.30-1.86) for high versus low circulating miR-31 expression. However, high expression of circulating miR-31 did not significantly increase the risk of poor differentiation (pooled OR=1.39, 95% CI: 0.56-3.47) and LNM (pooled OR=3.46, 95% CI: 0.96-12.42) in lung cancer. Conclusion: Circulating miR-31 is an effective biomarker and could be used as a component of miRs signature for cancer detection and prognosis surveillance.

A fast algorithm is presented to compute the integrated fundamental and second harmonic pressure fields of a focused source. Typically, the calculated results are given for three kinds of spherically focused sources, and the main properties of the integrated field are described for the fundamental and second harmonic components. An experimental measurement is made of the integrated second harmonic amplitude with the variation of axial distance in an acoustic microscope, in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. Moreover, a procedure of the B/A measurement or imaging by acoustic microscopy is suggested.

A new generation 980 nm pump laser module with a fiber output power more than 750 mW is presented. The module uses our generation-08 (G08) pump laser chip, which is designed for high output power and high reliability. The pump laser is stabilized by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A special thermo-electric cooler (TEC) is built into the package in order to enable operation of the device at high laser output powers.

The high power density of acoustic waves in the focal region of an ultrasonic microscope makes nonlinear effects significant. The generation of second harmonic waves is mainly due to the nonlinear parameter of the material at the focal region, in general. So the ultrasonic microscope may become a tool for scanning the B/A value of samples at the focus. We found an approach to enhance the second harmonic generation greatly by reflection. The receiving signal of the direct arriving wave reached maximum as the transducer was located near the focus. As the receiving transducer was moved close to the lens, at certain position, the acoustic waves (f0 and 2f0) were reflected by the transducer, reflected again by the lens, and finally received by the transducer, the received second harmonic signal was about 16 dB larger than that at the direct focusing maximum. The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculations for both direct focusing and triple transition