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Dental fluorosis is a subsurface hypomineralization condition, characterized by yellow to dark brown stains, with or without enamel porosity and pitting. Due to aesthetic concerns, children with discolored anterior teeth often experience negative impacts on their psychological, emotional, and social development. Treatment options include porcelain laminates or veneers, direct resin restorations, and crowns. However, these methods are invasive and require significant enamel reduction, making them unsuitable for children due to their enlarged pulp chambers. Microabrasion is the least invasive and safest treatment for children with fluorosis. This technique involves using a combination of 37% phosphoric acid gel with extra fine grain pumice, 18% hydrochloric acid in pumice, or 6.6% and 10% hydrochloric acid with silica carbide particles. The mixture is applied with a slowly rotating rubber cup to the areas of discoloration or white opacities. An additional benefit of microabrasion is that it leaves the enamel surface highly polished, reducing the growth of cariogenic bacteria and increasing resistance to demineralization. This case report describes two instances of dental fluorosis treated with microabrasion using different acidic compounds in two pediatric patients, resulting in clinically acceptable and aesthetically pleasing outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In dental practice, pediatric patients with a wide range of manifestations of malocclusion viz. crossbite, dental crowding, and skeletal Class III due to transverse discrepancy of the abnormally constricted maxilla or palate are found. However, the dental management of such kind of malocclusion with narrow palate needs a meticulous dental evaluation. Appliances used for treating such malocclusion conditions may include Slow‑Maxillary Expansion (SME) or Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) orthodontic or orthopedic appliances. Considerable success has been described in the literature using the maxillary/palatal expansion modality. Unusual systemic and nondental effects of expansion appliances therapy have been described in some scientific studies. However, no comprehensive review article has been published describing the nondental and systemic effects of RME/SME therapy in Pediatric Dentistry. Considering the above scenarios, the updated and comprehensive review of the relevant literature is necessary for health professionals. Dental professionals including pediatric dentists and orthodontists need to consider such untoward or unexpected effects of RME/ SME treatment modality. Hence, the current comprehensive review article has been written with the aim to meticulously describe the relevant scientific literature about nondental/extraoral and systemic effects of RME/SME appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral mucocele is a common soft-tissue benign lesion in children that is generally reported in the literature with underlying etiology of traumatic event to the oral mucosa. Such lesions have been reported to be managed clinically by different therapeutic modalities ranging from conventional surgery to laser-assisted surgery. The appropriate treatment modalities for mucocele of oral mucosa in pediatric patients are utmost important for having favorable healing outcomes without any postoperative complications and recurrence. Hence, the selection of appropriate therapeutic options is very critical for achieving the desired results of treatment of such lesions. This article illustrates the clinical case series regarding the effective and successful management of extravasation mucoceles at different locations of oral mucosa in three pediatric patients including 5-month-old male infant, 7-year-old boy, and 8.5-year-old boy. The case report has been written as per the CARE case reporting guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonsurgical endodontic management of the nonvital posterior tooth with large periapical radiolucency has been suggested as conservative approach in endodontics in existing literature. However, complete disinfection of the infected root canals has been a challenge in endodontic procedure. Recently, various types of lasers have emerged as the effective and successful way for achieving in-depth elimination of bacteria and also for healing of periapical lesions. However, there is a scarcity of published case report articles about laser-assisted endodontic therapy in combination with rotary files system for the noninvasive management of large periapical lesion associated with nonvital posterior teeth in claustrophobic child patients. Hence, the aim of this article is to present the pediatric case report about the successful nonsurgical orthograde endodontic treatment by employing diode laser of 810 nm wavelength for the disinfection of the infected root canals and resolution of periradicular radiolucency followed by functional rehabilitation of the treated tooth with preformed stainless steel crown within the shorter period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentigerous cysts are rarer to occur in children compared to adult patients. Non-vital deciduous teeth which are associated with dentigerous cysts of inflammatory origin are mostly found in mixed dentition stage. This case report presents a successful management of a large dentigerous cyst that was associated with a grossly carious primary molar which involved multiple unerupted immature permanent teeth of mandible in a 12 years old patient. The procedure which was used for the management was marsupialization. The follow-up evaluation showed complete healing of the cystic lesion, and spontaneous eruption of the involved permanent teeth. It also resulted in complete resolution of facial asymmetry without any recurrence or complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ankyloglossia is an abnormal congenital condition of the tongue characterized by abnormal attachment of lingual frenum or shorter lingual frenulum. Although various conventional surgical modalities and lasers for frenectomy has been described in literature, only few articles have been reported in the existing literature regarding the diode laser of 808 nm wavelength for frenectomy procedure in pediatric patient. Hence, the current article describes the clinical case report of successful and effective treatment of ankyloglossia using soft-tissue diode laser of 808 nm wavelength with minimally invasive dentistry approach in a 10-year-old male pediatric patient. In addition, the tongue-tie was clinically evaluated using the Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function. Diode lasers can be used as a safe alternative surgical tool for managing tongue-tie with minimally invasive dentistry approach and also for alleviating the dental anxiety in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pyogenic granuloma is a soft-tissue growth relatively common in oral cavity, which is considered as reactive rather than neoplastic in nature. The pyogenic granuloma may occur at any age, but its peak incidence occurs in the second decade of life. Lasers emerged as an alternative surgical tool for such soft-tissue lesions. Till now, there was no case reported in the literature about using diode laser for pyogenic granuloma in the pediatric patient. This article presents a case report of an 11-year-old boy with pyogenic granuloma in the anterior hard palatal region in relation to marginal gingiva of central incisors. A GaAlAs diode laser with wavelength 808±10 nm was used to perform laser surgery with parameters settings such as: Pulse-power: 5 W; Pulse-Length: 26µs; Frequency 20 kHz, Average output: 5 W. The fiber tip of 400 µm in contact mode was used for conducting the laser beam in excising the lesion. The whole laser surgical procedure was performed successfully and was found advantageous in intra-operative and post-operative aspects with faster and good healing in follow-up visits. The behavior and anxiety of the patient were assessed before, during, and after the laser surgery procedure using the Venhams's anxiety scale. Hence, Laser was found as the conservative surgical tool for pyogenic granuloma for minimally invasive dentistry and helped in instilling a positive dental attitude and behavior in pediatric patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]