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The heavy use of toxic and volatile solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), in the chemical synthesis of perovskites is known to pose several sustainability challenges that significantly hinder their mass production for commercial applications. Herein, a polymerizable monomer solvent (4‐acryloylmorpholine, ACMO) is introduced that permits the growth and optical lithography of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) through in situ polymerization. Morphological, structural, and optical analyses show that this polymerizable monomer can act both as a solvent to dissolve the perovskite precursor and as a monomer for photopolymerization reactions, allowing direct in situ fabrication and patterning of PQDs. By direct photolithography, colorful PQD patterns with high photoluminescent quantum yields, high resolution (minimum size of 5 µm), and excellent fluorescence uniformity, are successfully demonstrated. The work provides a new sustainable way of in situ patterning PQDs using polymerizable monomer solvents, leading to significant advances in various integrated applications, such as photonic, energy harvesting, and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging lead‐free metal halides with low toxicity and unparalleled optoelectronic properties have attracted growing research interests, also demonstrating extensive application potentials. Among these, Sb3+‐based all‐inorganic/organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides become a vital group due to the special energy level distribution along with diverse optical properties. However, there remains a gap in understanding the relationship between the crystal structure and the radiation process of involved Sb3+ emission. Herein, the existing reports about Sb3+‐based luminescent metal halides are revisited and their structure–luminescence–application relationship is explored, and it is further established that the triplet self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission of Sb3+ varies in different crystallographic environments and endows tunable luminescent performance. This work aims to provide constructive strategies in the further exploitation of Sb3+‐based metal halides, and also guides the structural design and photoluminescence tuning of doped metal halide materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnMgO nanoparticles are widely used as the electron transport layer for quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) applications but suffer serious stability issues. In this work, we developed siloxane-modified ZnMgO nanoparticles to address stability issues. At room temperature, colloidal ZnMgO nanoparticles usually undergo aggregation-induced turbidity within 3 days. With the addition of a tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) precursor into the preformed ZnMgO nanoparticles, the siloxane-modified ZnMgO nanoparticles show enhanced colloidal stability, which is stable for more than 40 days. We further compared the device stabilities of unmodified and siloxane-modified ZnMgO nanoparticles. The results show that siloxane-modified ZnMgO-based devices show enhanced operation and storage stability. In particular, the operational lifetime was improved by 59.3%, and the luminance at 5 V can be kept at about 75% after 80 days of storage. In all, this work provides an effective strategy to address the stability issues of ZnMgO nanoparticle-based optoelectronics.

Objective: Tension-type headache is the most common type of primary headache and results in a huge socioeconomic burden. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of simple analgesics for the treatment of episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) in adults., Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese BioMedical Literature database and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases for eligible randomized clinical trials reporting the efficacy and/or safety of simple analgesics. A Bayesian NMA was performed to compare relative efficacy and safety. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was calculated to rank interventions. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018090554., Results: We highlighted six studies including 3507 patients. For the 2 h pain-free rate, the SUCRA ranking was ibuprofen > diclofenac-K > ketoprofen > acetaminophen > naproxen > placebo. All drugs except naproxen reported a higher 2 h pain-free rate than placebo, with a risk ratio (RR) of 2.86 (95% credible interval, CrI: 1.62-5.42) for ibuprofen and 2.61 (1.53-4.88) for diclofenac-K. For adverse events rate, the SUCRA ranking was: metamizol > diclofenac-K > ibuprofen > lumiracoxib > placebo > aspirin > acetaminophen > naproxen > ketoprofen. The adverse event rates of all analgesics were no higher than those of placebo, except for ketoprofen. Moreover, all drugs were superior to placebo in the global assessment of efficacy. In particular, the RR of lumiracoxib was 2.47 (1.57-4.57). Global heterogeneity I 2 between the studies was low., Conclusions: Simple analgesics are considered more effective and safe as a placebo for ETTH in adults. Our results suggest that ibuprofen and diclofenac-K may be the two best treatment options for patients with ETTH from a comprehensive point of view (both high-quality evidence).

Due to the low formation enthalpy and high defect tolerance, in situ fabricated perovskite quantum dots offer advantages such as easy fabrication and superior optical properties. This paper reviews the methodologies, functional materials of in situ fabricated perovskite quantum dots, including polymer nanocomposites, quantum dots doped glasses, mesoporous nanocomposites, quantum dots-embedded single crystals, and electroluminescent films. This study further highlights the industrial breakthroughs of in situ fabricated perovskite quantum dots, especially the scale-up fabrication and stability enhancement. Finally, the fundamental challenges in developing perovskite quantum dots for industrial applications are discussed, with a focus on photoinduced degradation under high-intensity light irradiation, ion migration under electrical bias and thermal quenching at high temperature., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Brain-inspired electronics with synaptic functions hold significant promise for advancing artificial intelligent applications. In this study, we demonstrate the synaptic feature of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), which can convert electrical pulses into synapse-like light signals (the brightness gradually increases as the electrical pulses are prolonged). These features are analogous to learning and forgetting in biological synapses. The enhancement of brightness can be attributed to the reduction of charge transfer from the quantum dots to ZnO electron transport layer and resistive switching effect. With an integrated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) drive, arrayed synaptic QLEDs can simulate the visualization of brain-like learning processes, which can reduce the noise toward high image recognition rate (>95.0%) by deep neural networks. Our findings introduce a novel brain-inspired optoelectronic approach with potential applications in optical neuromorphic systems.

Doped halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have opened new opportunities for the emerging optical and optoelectronic applications. Here, we describe a hot-injection synthesis of all-inorganic lead-free Cs 2 SnCl 6 and Sb 3+ doped Cs 2 SnCl 6 NCs. Cs 2 SnCl 6 NCs present a blue emission peak at 438 nm, whereas a new broad-band emission peak appears at 615 nm for the Sb 3+ doped NCs. Comparative structural and spectral characterizations of Sb 3+ doped Cs 2 SnCl 6 NCs with micrometer-sized undoped and Sb 3+ doped crystals show that the formation of broad-band orange emission is originted from triplet self-trapped excitons, attributed to the 3 P n - 1 S 0 transitions ( n = 0, 1, 2). Our results in Sb 3+ doped Cs 2 SnCl 6 materials provide insights into the machanisms of doping-induced emission centers, and it extends the existing knowledge of optical properties of doped halide NCs for further studies.