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In order to eliminate the out of round defect of grinding ball, an improvement measure is proposed. Firstly, the wear behavior and mechanism of the ball in different service conditions are obtained. Then, the root cause of grinding ball out of roundness is discussed. Finally, the corresponding improvement measures are put forward from the aspects of grinding ball material and heat treatment, so as to improve the microstructure and properties of grinding ball.

According to origin of species, both animals and plants come from a common ancestor, so they all possess similar/same metabolic activities. Plants adapt to stress conditions by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) partly with secondary metabolites, which are often the medicinal ingredients. With this, the mechanism of pharmacological action and biological action of secondary metabolites may be the same. Radix saposhnikoviae the root of Saposhnikovia divaricata, has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It was analyzed that the correlation between fever, analgesia and inflammation and the activities of POD, CAT, the H2O2 contents in serum before and after intravenous administration for cimicifugin, an active component. For the antipyretic, the correlation coefficient between the body temperature and the H2O2 contents was 0.9689 in the model group and 0.5221 in the treatment group, indicating that fever was closely related to the H2O2. In the presence of electron donor, POD can eliminate ROS, the correlation coefficient between POD activities and H2O2 content before and after administration were 0.8085 and -0.5070, respectively, indicating that cimicifugin can eliminate ROS through POD. At 39.5 ℃, POD activity was about 1.47 times that of normal body temperature, and the scavenging efficiency of POD was 2.94 times that of CAT, which indicated that cimicifugin enhanced the elimination of H2O2 mainly through POD. For the analgesic and anti-inflammatory, the correlation coefficients of POD activity with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were 0.6685 and 0.4466, respectively, indicating that they were closely related to the H2O2. In this paper, we found the ROS is an important factor of fever, pain and inflammation, the pharmacological actions of Radix Saposhnikoviae also is elimination of ROS through the synergistic action of chromone and POD, the mechanism of pharmacological action of Chromones being the same as the biological action of secondary metabolites.

A new isoflavone derivative compound

To investigate the clinical therapeutic effects of sacral nerve magnetic stimulation (SNMS) combined with extracorporeal shockwave (ECSW) in the treatment of type-ⅢB chronic prostatitis.This study included 65 cases of type-ⅢB chronic prostatitis treated in Renji Hospital between March 2017 and August 2018. The patients were aged 34.56 + 7.47 years and had an average disease course of 12.95 + 10.73 months. We randomly assigned the patients to an experimental (n = 33) and a control group (n = 32) to be treated by SNMS+ECSW and biofeedback combined with electrical stimulation, respectively, qd alt, 40 minutes once, for a total of 24 times. Before and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, we obtained the NIH-CPSI scores, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), average urinary flow rate (Qavg), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores of the patients, recorded their adverse reactions and compared the clinical therapeutic effects between the two groups of patients.After treatment, the experimental group showed significant improvement in the pain score, urination score, quality of life (QOL) score and NIH-CPSI total scores in comparison with the baseline (P0.05), even more significant after 8 than after 4 weeks of treatment (P0.05), and in all the indexes as compared with the control group (P0.05). Qmax and Qavg were remarkably improved at 8 weeks (P0.05) and so were SDS and SAS scores at 4 and 8 weeks (P0.05), even more significantly in the experimental than in the control group (P0.05). Among the 33 patients in the experimental group, 25 (75.8%) responded (14 ［42.4%］ cured or with excellent effect), with a significantly higher effectiveness rate than the control group (7［46.9%］， P0.01). No obvious adverse events were observed in any of the patients during the treatment.SNMS+ECSW can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and QOL of the patients with type-ⅢB chronic prostatitis, without causing obvious adverse reactions. Its long-term therapeutic effect, however, remains to be further studied.

Artocarpin has shown anti-inflammation and anticancer activities. However, the metabolism differences among different species have not been reported. In this work, we used liver microsomes to explore the metabolic characteristics and possible metabolites of artocarpin among different species. The structures of six metabolites were characterized by LC-MS/MS, and hydroxylated artocarpin was the main metabolite. Enzyme kinetics and depletion studies of artocarpin among different species proved that artocarpin metabolism exhibited significant species differences; rats and monkeys showed a great metabolic ability to artocarpin, and minipigs showed the highest similarity to humans. The in vivo hepatic clearances of artocarpin in rats and humans were predicted that artocarpin was classified as a high-clearance drug in humans and rats. The glucuronidation assay of artocarpin in different liver microsomes also proved that artocarpin metabolism showed significant species difference. These findings will support further pharmacological or toxicological research on artocarpin. Abbreviations: UGT: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; CYP: cytochrome P450; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; HLMs: human liver microsomes; MLMs: monkey liver microsomes; RAMs: rabbit liver microsomes; RLMs: rat liver microsomes; DLMs: dog liver microsomes; PLMs: minipig liver microsomes; Vmax: maximum velocity; Km: Michaelis constant; CLint: intrinsic clearance; CLH: hepatic clearance; QH: hepatic blood flow

Introduction: 4’-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (GML) is a conventional marker compound for quality control of Radix Saposhnikoviae. Despite that, neither pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic information is available with regard to GML. As such, the aim of thisstudy was to assess the conventional evaluation indices for the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae. Materials and methods: Pyretic animal model, hot plate test, and ear edema model were established to evaluate and compare the antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect of the chromone derivativescimifugin, prime-O-glucosylcimifugin (PGCN), and GML in Radix Saposhnikoviae. High performance liquid chromatography separation and analysis was used to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters. Simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid was used to investigate the metabolite profiles of PGCN and GML in gastrointestinal tract. Results: Cimifugin exerted a marked dose-dependent antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect, whereas the effects of PGCN were relatively lower. GML had feeble pharmacodynamic effects. Pharmacokinetic study showed that only cimifugin was detected in the plasma sample of cimifugin and PGCN-treated animals, with drug concentration in the former much higher than the latter. No components were traced in the plasma samples from GML-treated rats. Stability study showed that PGCN and GML was predominantly biotransformed into cimifugin and 5-O-methyvisammiol, respectively. The latter was proven to be extremely unstable in liver tissue homogenate and plasma. Conclusions: A feeble antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities was observed when GML was orally delivered. Given that Radix Saposhnikoviae extract is generally administered orally, we speculate that this compound might be a nonpharmacolagically active agent in real usage. Thus, it might be unscientific to evaluate the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae based on the content of GML. SUMMARY GML-derived cimifugin, which represents the potential pharma codynamic component of Radix Saposhnikoviae chromones, in plasma was almost nil in contrast to cimifugin and PGCN. And thus, feeble antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities were found with GML. Abbreviations used: AUC:area under concentration-time curve, DNP:2,4-Dinitrophenol, HPLC:high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC-MS:high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrography, GML:4’-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, MVL:5-O-methyvisammiol, PGCN:prime-O-glucosylcimifugin, SGF:alkaline phosphatase. SIF:simulated intestinal fluid

Aimed at decreasing the tension variation during transforming process of 1+4 aluminum hot rolling mills unit in one factory of Henan, we analyzed the factors affecting tension variation and improved the tension formula of hot rolling mills process considering the influence of tension on forward slip value. The tension forming process of hot rolling mills from stand 1 to stand 4 is simulated, and the tension structure diagrams of the four-stands are constructed. Due to non-linear characteristics of the aluminum hot rolling mills tension system, conventional PID controller could not meet the requirement of the system. So we proposed the mixed control of Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC) coupled with PID to solve the problem of online parameters control and we used Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize PID controller parameters. By simulation, it could be found that the using of PSO+CMAC significantly reduced surplus adjustment and transition time, and strip tension coupling degree among stands was also reduced.

Vegetative but not reproductive stage of Saposhnikovia divaricate (Turxz.) schischk possesses pharmacological activities. However, our recent study showed that reproductive S. divaricate supplemented with polysaccharide showed evidently elevated pharmacological activities and increased cimifugin content in rat serum. The aims of present study were to assess the influence of polysaccharides on the chromones pharmacological activities in Radix Saposhnikoviae (RS), the dried root of vegetative stage of S. divaricate, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Only cimifugin was detected in the plasma of chromone treated animals and RS polysaccharide significantly increased the plasma content of cimifugin. It was shown that neither cimifugin absorption nor glycoside components transformation in simulated digestive fluid was affected by RS polysaccharide. However, a significant promotion of transformation of cimifugin to more stable prime-O-glucosylcimifugin (PGCN) by RS polysaccharide, and a protective effect of polysaccharide on chromone components were observed in small intestine solutions. Meanwhile, RS polysaccharide produced a significant elevation of cimifugin and PGCN concentration in vivo. Based on these findings, we concluded that RS polysaccharide could greatly increase the content of cimifugin, which might be related to its degradation-proof effect on cimifugin, via transforming cimifugin to comparatively more stable PGCN and spatial structure protection.

Our previous study revealed that insufficient radiofrequency ablation (RFA) promotes the malignancy of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SMMC7721 cells via the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-induced overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aims of the present study were to address the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation in the enhanced SMMC7721 cell proliferation induced by insufficient RFA, in addition to its association with the CaMKII/ERK/VEGF signaling cascade. SMMC7721 cells were subjected to a 47°C treatment regimen to simulate insufficient RFA. Cell proliferation was determined using MTT and colony formation assays. The expression levels of VEGF, CaMKII, phosphorylated (phospho)-CaMKII, ERK, phospho-ERK, EGFR and phospho-EGFR were analyzed using western blotting. The results demonstrated that the enhancement of SMMC7721 cell proliferation by the 47°C treatment regimen was significantly inhibited by exposure of the cells to AG178 (a specific inhibitor of EGFR). Furthermore, AG1478 exposure prevented the overexpression of VEGF and phosphorylation of ERK, but had no significant effects on CaMKII phosphorylation. By contrast, 47°C treatment-induced EGFR phosphorylation was inhibited by treatment with KN93 (a specific inhibitor of CaMKII). Overall, the results of the present study have suggested a role for EGFR transactivation in the RFA-promoted growth of residual HCC. Thus, targeting EGFR may represent a useful preventive and therapeutic strategy for RFA-induced HCC progression and recurrence.

The establishment of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine system that not only accords with Chinese medicine function characteristics but also is recognized as international medical circles, is an arduous task in urgent need of solving the current modernization of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of internationalization. It is difficult to evaluate atraditional Chinese medicine by detection of single active components in traditional Chinesemedicinewiththe western medicine quality controlmethod due to the overall effects of traditional Chinese drugs, the components of the overall diversity, targets, and the complexity of the interaction between components of unpredictable make the Long-term since, domestic and foreign scholars continue to explore and put forward a series of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine. This article summarized the related academic ideas and developments to, providea new thought and perspective for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.

To explore the feasibility of preparing novel gypenosides long-circulating liposomes with PEG grafted on beta-sitosterol (PEG-Sito).Succinicanhydride was adopted to connect beta-sitosterol and PEG 2000. Sphingomyelin and PEG-Sito was used as material to prepare gypenosides long-circulating liposomes by using ethanol injection method. Encapsulation efficiency was determined by using protamine precipitation method. H-NMR was used to verify the synthesis of PEG-Sito, the novel gypenosides long-circulating liposomes were characterized by particle size, zeta potential and atomic force microscope.The synthesis of PEG-Sito was verified by 1H-NMR. Encapsulation efficiency of long-circulating liposomes prepared by ethanol injection method was 74.3%, particle size was 288.1 nm, zeta potential was -20.25 mV, the morphology were round observed by AFM.The novel gypenosides long-circulating liposomes prepared with PEG-Sito was feasible, it had a high encapsulation efficiency and good morphology.

Twenty patients of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were treated with such kind of Chinese herbal medicine as invigorating Qi and promoting blood circulation for 4—8 weeks. The therapeutic effect was observed and compared with that of the two control groups treated with prednisone and coenzyme A respectively. In the TCM group, the number of patients with marked effect, good effect and improvement were 2,4 and 7, the total effective rate being 65%. This efficacy was higher than that of the coenzyme group and lower than that of the prednisone group. The changes of antiplatelet lgG antibody and haptoglobin were also observed in the meantime, and results showed that after TCM treatment, both of them were decreased as disease improved.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Shengxueling Granule (SXLG) in treating idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and to study its possible mechanism. Methods: Eighty-six cases of ITP were divided into two groups randomly. Fifty-six cases in the treatment group were treated with SXLG, a traditional Chinese medicine, and 30 cases administered with Western medicine (prednisone) were taken as control. Patients in each group took drugs for three months and were under follow-up observation. Results: In SXLG-treated group, the total effective rate in 3 months was 85.71%, similar to 83.33% in prednisone-treated group (P0.05), while the total effective rate in 6 months in the SXLG-treated group was 91.07%, higher than 53.33% of the prednisone-treated group (P0.01), and no obvious side-effects were observed. The patients’ bleeding was alleviated or stopped, and their general condition was improved. And the blood platelet count (BPC) was increased, the platelet associated immunoglobulin (PAIg) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were markedly dropped, the level of natural killer cells activity (NKCA) increased, and the rate of T lymphocyte subsets gradually returned to normal level. Megakaryocytes tended toward maturation on bone marrow smear after SXLG treatment. All differences above were statistically significant. Conclusion: SXLG is an effective and safe medicine for ITP. It can regulate the cellular immunity, inhibit the platelet antibody to reduce the destruction of the platelet and to increase the number of platelet, promote the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocyte, facilitate the production and release of platelet, lower the fragility of capillary, and prevent the hemorrhagic tendency.