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Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been extensively explored as prognostic biomarkers and cellular immunotherapy methods in cancer patients. However, the prognostic significance of TILs in bladder cancer remains unresolved. We evaluated the prognostic effect of TILs in bladder cancer patients. Sixty-four bladder cancer patients who underwent surgical resection between 2018 and 2020 in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital were analyzed in this study. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate CD3, CD4, CD8, and FoxP3 expression on TILs in the invasive margin of tumor tissue, and the presence of TIL subsets was correlated with the disease-free survival (DFS) of bladder cancer patients. The relationship between clinical-pathological features and DFS were analyzed. A high level of CD3+TILs (CD3highTILs) (P = 0.027) or negative expression of FoxP3 TILs (FoxP3- TILs) (P = 0.016) was significantly related to better DFS in bladder cancer patients. Those with CD3highFoxP3- TILs had the best prognosis compared to those with CD3highFoxP3+ TILs or CD3lowFoxP3- TILs (P = 0.0035). Advanced age [HR 4.57, (1.86-11.25); P = 0.001], CD3low TILs [HR 0.21, (0.06-0.71); P = 0.012], CD8low TILs [HR 0.34, (0.12-0.94); P = 0.039], and FoxP3+ TILs [HR 10.11 (1.96-52.27); P = 0.006] in the invasive margin were associated with a worse prognosis (DFS) by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that CD3high, FoxP3-, and CD3highFoxP3- TILs in the invasive margin were significantly associated with better DFS. CD8high and CD4high TILs in the invasive margin tended to predict better DFS in bladder cancer. Patients with CD4highCD8high TILs in the invasive margin were likely to have a better prognosis.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and potential pathogenesis of a rare nonhereditary polyposis syndrome, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS). METHODS Medical records of eight patients with CCS who were admitted to our hospital from January 2005 to November 2019 were reviewed. Transcriptome profiling was performed in one patient to investigate its difference between gastric polyp tissue and normal mucosa. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined for functional analysis. The expression of inhibin beta A (INHBA) was further assessed by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All patients presented with gastrointestinal polyposis, accompanied by diarrhea, skin hyperpigmentation, hair loss and nail dystrophy. Hyperplastic polyps were observed in seven patients, tubular adenoma in two, inflammatory polyps in one and hamartomatous polyps in one, respectively. All patients underwent comprehensive treatment and five achieved clinical remission. A total of 2107 DEGs, including 1265 upregulated and 842 downregulated, were found in the gastric polyp. Gene ontology analysis showed that upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the positive regulation of cell proliferation, epithelium development and angiogenesis. A protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that INHBA was at the center of the interaction network and might play an important role in CCS. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that INHBA expression was upregulated in CCS gastric polyps. CONCLUSIONS CCS is a rare disease and its diagnosis mainly depends on typical clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings and histological features. INHBA upregulation may contribute to its pathogenesis.

The effects of matcha (MAT), tea polyphenols (TP) and catechin (CAT) on rice cakes during storage for 180 days at 4 °C and 25 °C were evaluated using textural properties, water migration, XRD spectra and in vitro starch digestibility. Polyphenolic compounds, especially TP and CAT, primarily retarded the starch retrogradation of rice cakes by interacting with starch chains, which lowered the content of bonded water, as indicated by water migration and a lower relative crystallinity. The reduction of hardness and increase of adhesiveness was attributed to inhibition of starch chain cross-linking by the polyphenolic compounds (CAT and TP in particular). The polyphenolic compounds synergistically affected starch re-association at a high storage temperature (25 °C) and decreased the variance of rice cake quality caused by starch retrogradation during storage at 4 °C. The starch digestion of rice cakes was inhibited by polyphenolic compounds, especially CAT, which concomitantly increased the content of resistant starch. Furthermore, polyphenolic compounds reduced the changes of various properties which caused the stabilization of rice cake quality during long-term storage. Our study could provide an alternative for improving rice cake quality affected by storage.

Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common glomerular disease in children. Nursing during hospitalization alone cannot solve the psychological, physiological and social health problems of children. Continuing care models may provide patients with more continuous and efficient care services. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide theoretical support for the implementation and development of children's primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) and children's chronic disease continuing nursing through the construction of a children's PNS continuing nursing model. Methods Each item of the transitional care model for children with PNS was demonstrated using the Delphi method for two rounds of correspondence. The main items included four components: the composition of personnel, the responsibilities of each member, the content of work, and the evaluation indicators. Results A transitional care model for children with PNS was formed. The expert judgment coefficient of two rounds of correspondence was 0.84, the familiarity degree coefficient was 0.76, the authority degree coefficient was 0.80, the coefficient of variation was between 0.02 and 0.23, and the coordination coefficient was 0.458 and 0.327, respectively (P Conclusions The experts in the present research were highly motivated, had a high degree of authority, and presented consistent opinions. Hence, the construction of a transitional care model for children with PNS is scientifically feasible.

Jiaozi Steamed Bread (JSB) has a unique aroma as a traditional staple food in China. The volatile compounds in JSB were extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). These volatile substances were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). The results demonstrated that 61 volatile compounds were identified totally in samples, of which 15 were confirmed as potent aroma compounds with odor active values (OAVs) >1. The 15 potent aroma compounds were ethanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, heptanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, (E)-2-heptenal, benzaldehyde, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal, 2-pentylfuran and naphthalene. The SDE method had better linearity with coefficients of determination (R2) equal to or higher than 0.9991. Furthermore, the SDE method also achieved lower sensitivity and better repeatability and recovery than HS-SPME. This work provides reference method and parameters for future research on the flavor of JSB for commercial products. Keywords: Volatile compounds, Simultaneous distillation and extraction, Headspace solid-phase microextraction, Quantitative analysis, Method validation

Recently, biological drugs have played a leading role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may be useful in maximizing their effectiveness. TDM involves the measurement of serum drug and anti-drug antibodies concentrations as the basis for dosage adjustments or drug conversions to achieve a higher response rate. We believe that concentration thresholds should be individualized based on patients' disease severity, extent and phenotype, and therapeutic purposes should also be considered, with higher cut-offs mainly needed for endoscopic and fistula healing than for symptomatic remission. Proactive and reactive TDM can help optimize treatment, especially in patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor, and guide dose adjustment or drug conversion with lower cost. TDM is a promising approach to achieve precision medicine and targeted medicine in the future.

To evaluate the relationship between the gut microbial composition and intestinal cholecalciferol absorption in patients with severe osteoporosis (SOP).Eighteen patients with primary osteoporosis (OP) and 18 with SOP were included. Their clinical data were collected and their circulating concentrations of cholecalciferol and 25(OH)DThe age, sex, body mass index, and body mass of the participants did not differ between the groups. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the participants with SOP was significantly higher than that in the participants with OP. There were significant differences in the 25(OH)DDifferences in the intestinal microecology, especially Bifidobacterium, are associated with differences in the absorption of cholecalciferol and in the circulating 25(OH)D

Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis by inhibiting abnormal/overactive immune responses to both autogenic and nonautogenic antigens. Treg cells play an important role in immune tolerance, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, organ transplantation, and tumor diseases. Treg cells have two functional characteristics: T cell anergy and immunosuppression. Treg cells remain immune unresponsive to high concentrations of interleukin-2 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. In addition, the activation of Treg cells after TCR-mediated signal stimulation inhibits the activation and proliferation of effector T cells. In the process of tumor development, Treg cells accumulate locally in the tumor and lead to tumor escape by inducing anergy and immunosuppression. It is believed that targeted elimination of Treg cells can activate tumor-specific effector T cells and improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, inhibition/clearance of Treg cells is a promising strategy for enhancing antitumor immunity. Here, we review studies of cancer immunotherapies targeting Treg cells.

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the main treatment to improve the symptom of GERD. This study was to investigate the efficacy of PPIs on nighttime GERD symptoms and associated sleep disturbances in general Chinese GERD population. Methods Adult patients with mild or more serious nighttime GERD symptoms were included. The efficacy was evaluated by the relief rate of nighttime GERD symptoms and GERD-related sleep disturbances after 4 weeks PPIs treatment. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Score (PSQI). Results A total of 750 patients were included in the final analysis. Overall, 51.3% of the patients had achieved a relief of nighttime GERD symptoms after 4 weeks of PPIs treatment. By week 4, the percentages of patients with completely resolved nighttime GERD symptoms and GERD-related sleep disturbances were 32.5% and 51.5%, respectively. PSQI score was significantly improved from 6.82 ± 0.12 at baseline to 4.56 ± 0.09 at 4 weeks (P༜0.001). Conclusion PPIs treatment can provide an effective relief of nighttime GERD symptoms and associated sleep disturbances, improving sleep quality of general GERD patients in northern China. Trial registration: Trial registration: CHiCTR, ChiCTR1800017652. Registered 08 August 2018, http://chictr.org.cn/index.aspx

The objective of this work is to research impacts of oxidized (OCS), acetylated (ACS) and cross-linked (CLCS) corn starch on gelatinization properties of rice flour and their gel structure during storage at 4 °C for 1 and 7 days. OCS led to significant increase of pasting temperature and solubility in blend flour but decrease of pasting viscosity and swelling power compared with rice flour, while ACS showed an opposite effect in pasting temperature and viscosity. CLCS remarkably raised pasting temperature and viscosity of blend flour and insignificant increase as increasing concentration, and the mixture showed relatively lower swelling power and solubility than rice flour. During cold storage, OCS and ACS substantially inhibited the reorganization of gel network structure and showed high stability in rheology and texture properties. CLCS accelerated the formation of gel network structure, and the mixture gel appeared to stronger rigid structure and denser microstructure than those of rice gel. Formation distinctions among these three gels were found in rheology properties, texture properties, water migration, FTIR spectra, and microstructure of SEM. Overall, CLCS improved the rice stability in heat-processing, and OCS and ACS reduced the change of rice gel quality during cold storage.

To promote the rational and effective application of Ilex latifolia Thunb., a Chinese bitter tea widely consumed as a health beverage, polyphenols were extracted from its leaves and their cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and anti-inflammatory effect against mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were analyzed. Results showed that the antioxidant capacity of polyphenols was high, and their CAA values in PBS wash and no PBS wash protocols were 6871.42 ± 85.56 and 25161.61 ± 583.55 μmol QE (quercetin equivalents)/100 g phenolic extracts, respectively. In addition, polyphenols from I. latifolia displayed strong inhibition on LPS-induced NO-production in RAW 264.7 cells. Polyphenol treatment inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner by ELISA and mRNA expression analysis. Western blot results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols from I. latifolia might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of MAPKs (ERK and JNK) and NF-κB to decrease NO, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Thus, the polyphenol enriched extracts from I. latifolia are a good source of natural antioxidants with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and they may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient.

Ilex latifolia Thunb is a kind of herbal tea and widely consumed as a functional tea beverage in Asian countries. In this study, polyphenols were extracted from I. latifolia and the major compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), then the effect on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation was investigated. Results showed that the polyphenols could significantly inhibit ox-LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation and suppress lipid droplet accumulation and cholesterol uptake in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), was significantly inhibited. Moreover, the polyphenols could suppress the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and clusters of differentiation 36 (CD 36), which were receptors for ox-LDL. Mechanistically, I. latifolia polyphenols could inhibit macrophage foam cell formation by suppressing NF-κB activation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2.

Rubus chingii Hu, namely “Fu-pen-zi” in Chinese, has been used as a functional food in China for a long time. This study aims to identify its bioactive constituents with antioxidant and anti-tumor properties. R. chingii was extracted with 95% ethanol and then partitioned into four fractions: petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction, and water fraction. Results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the strongest antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (HepG-2, Bel-7402, A549 and MCF-7). Therefore, four compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction, and they were identified as ent-16α,17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid, tormentic acid, oleanolic acid and β-daucosterol, the first two of which were isolated and identified from R. chingii for the first time. In particular, tormentic acid exhibited excellent cytotoxicity activities against human tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this work might contribute to the understanding of biological activities of R. chingii and further investigation on its potential application is valued for food and drugs.

Although many researches have investigated the effects of starch characteristics on its functional properties to evaluate rice quality, few studies were carried out the correlations between starch molecular structure and rice processing properties. In this study, eight varieties of japonica rice with similar content of protein and lipid and less variant content of amylose (12.12-18.19%) were elaborately selected. The result showed that crystalline and pasting parameters were mainly reliant on the differences in chain length distribution of amylopectin. Amylose content and chain length distribution, especially for average exterior chain length (ECL) and interior chain length (ICL) and their entanglement, showed significant correlation on rheological parameters. Swelling power of rice flour showed negative correlation with amylose content. Furthermore, in temperature-reduction process when the temperature is lower gelatinization temperature of amylopectin, the variation of loss modulus was affected by amylopectin. In addition, the PCA plot clearly revealed the interrelationship of all parameters.

To promote the rational and effective application of

Rubus chingii Hu has been used as a functional food for a long time. This work was aimed to identify the anti-inflammatory ingredients from R. chingii by an activity-guided isolation. The ethanol extracts of R. chingii were partitioned into petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions, and the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Five flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction based on anti-inflammatory assay-guided purification, which were identified as quercitrin, hyperoside, tiliroside, astragalin and kaempferol 3-rutinoside. The inhibitory effects of extract fractions and compounds on NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. The five flavonoid glycosides displayed different degrees of anti-inflammatory activity, among which tiliroside showed stronger activity than others. Further analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of tiliroside might be exerted through inhibiting the activation of ERK and JNK to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, iNOS and IL-6) production.

The herbs with sulfur-fumigation may induce chemical transformation thus causing harmful effects on patients. In the current study, the difference of physicochemical property from sulfur-fumigated Smilax glabra Roxb. polysaccharides (SSGRP) and non-fumigated Smilax glabra Roxb. polysaccharides (NSGRP) were characterized and compared, such as external appearance, dissolvability, extraction yield, glucose content, inorganic elements analysis, UV and IR scanning spectrum. Additionally, the immunotoxicity and mechanisms of SSGRP and NSGRP on immune response of murine abdominal RAW264.7 macrophage cells were evaluated by cell viability, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analyses. The results demonstrated that NSGRP could not affect the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells but SSGRP could effectively inhibit the cells viability by inducing apoptosis. SSGRP could also up-regulated the mRNA expression of apoptosis factors including Bax and caspase-8. Further investigation elucidated that NSGRP exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activity of RAW264.7 cells, however, SSGRP might inhibit the activity through down-regulating the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression as well as blocking the phosphorylation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In conclusion, our study suggested that sulfur-fumigation displayed significant immune toxicity on immune response of murine abdominal RAW264.7 macrophages, and the study provided new insights in controlling the sulfur-fumigation processing and storage method in Chinese herbal medicines.

Polyphenols were extracted from I. latifolia and the effect on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation was investigated.

To study the effect of chelidonine on Cdk1, p-Cdk1( Thr14), cyclinB1 protein expression in SGC-7901 Cells, and to explore the mechanism of chelidonine inducing G2/M phase arrest in SGC-7901 Cells. Western Blotting was used to study the effects of chelidonine on the Cdk1, p-Cdk1(Thr14) and cyclinB1 protein expressions in SGC-7901 cells. Chelidonine could significantly decrease the expression of Cdk1 and cyclinB1 protein. Meanwhile, chelidonine could remarkably increase the expression of p-Cdk1(Thr14) protein in a dose dependent manner. Chelidonine can down-regulate the expression of Cdk1, cyclinB1 and up-regulate p-Cdk1 (Thr14) protein expression in SGC-7901 cells,which may be one of the role mechanism of G2 /M phase arrest induced by chelidonine in SGC-7901 cells which may be one of the role mechanism of G2 /M phase arrest induced by chelidonine in SGC-7901 Cells.

To study the mitotic catastrophe induction effect of chelidonine on human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells, MTT assay was applied to detect the proliferation inhibition effect of chelidonine. Giemsa staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the nucleus in gastric cancer cells and mitotic index (MI) was calculated. The results showed that chelidonine could effectively inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and the IC50 was 48.67μmol/L. After treatment with 6.25-25μmol/L chelidonine, the numbers of giant cells with two or more nuclei was increased along with the increase of drug concentration. The mitotic index of cells was significantly increased compared with that of the control group (P

A novel heteropolysaccharide (SGRP1) with great immunomodulatory activity was isolated from the root of Smilax glabra Roxb. by hot water extraction. Physical and chemical analyses showed that SGRP1 had an average molecular weight of 1.26 × 10 4 Da and was composed of mannose, fucose and glucose in molar ratio of 1.00:3.09:39.41. The glycosidic linkage types of SGRP1 were proven to be (1 → 3)-linked −α- l -Fuc, (1 → 3)-linked-α- l -Man, (1 → )-linked-α- d -Glc, and (1 → 6)-linked-α- d -Glc. The in vitro immunomodulatory assays demonstrated that SGRP1 could evidently promote the phagocytosis and increase macrophage-derived biological factors including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion via JNK and ERK signaling pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. The data supported that SGRP1 had immunomodulatory potential through activating macrophages and enhancing host immune system function, which enabled it to be a novel immunomodulator for application in immunological diseases or functional food.

The objective of this study was to measure the related parameters of intercarotid artery (ICA) in the operative plane of endonasal transsphenoidal approach for hypophyseal surgeries. Nine parameters of the ICA were examined in the computed tomographic angiographic (CTA) scan of 101 patients. The shortest distance between the middle point of the nasal columella and the projective point of the ICA (D(3)) was 85.50 (5.79) mm. The shortest distance between the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus and the projective point of the ICA (D(4)) was 16.93 (3.50) mm. The distance between the bilateral projective points of the ICA (D(5)) was 21.60 (3.45) mm. The shortest distance from the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus to the line between the bilateral projective points of the ICA (D(6)) was 12.1 (3.91) mm. The shortest distance between the middle point of nasal columella and the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus (D(7)) was 72.67 (5.99) mm. The width of the angle between the bilateral ICA projective point from the middle point of the nasal columella (A(1)) was 14.9 (2.32) degrees. The width of the angle between the bilateral ICA projective points from the anterior-most point of sphenoid sinus (A(2)) was 85.49 (18.12) degrees. Clinically, it is relatively safe to work within the distances and angles measured in this research, and these results may provide information for clinical surgery of pituitary tumor.

The soil-water characteristic curve is an important constitutive feature of unsaturated soils, defining the relationship between the soil suction and moisture content. Mineral component and pore space topology are the most important physical factors affecting the soil-water characteristic, and that dry density synthetically reflects the mineral component and pore space topology. Compaction is a classical application involving unsaturated soil, and dry density represents the pore structure at special moisture content. Soil water characteristic curve for compacted loess is studied by test, and the effect of dry density on soil water characteristic curve is discussed. Based the soil-water characteristic curve and compaction curve, mechanism of compaction is explained. Research results show that the soil-water characteristic curves for all dry density soil intersect at the point, which is optimize moisture content, and suction is the most important factor affecting the compaction.

The Agouti gene plays an important role in pigment synthesis in domestic animals. A transversion of 423G>T recognized by BanII was found after a fragment (178 bp) of the goat Agouti gene exon 4 was amplified and sequenced. To investigate its genetic effect and diversity, 677 individuals from 12 indigenous Chinese goat breeds and one imported goat breed from South Africa (Boer goat) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Two alleles, T and G, and three genotypes, TT, TG, and GG, were detected. Allele T had a higher frequency in most goat breeds and, combined with the coat color phenotype, is believed to be responsible for the black phenotype or to be linked with the causative site in the goat. The results also indicate that the 423G>T transversion showed lower genetic diversity in goat breeds with black coat color in China. Genetic differentiation among the 13 goat populations was 0.2023. The clustering of populations based on the 423G>T site was basically consistent with the variation of coat color.

To explore effect of acupuncture at Shaoze (SI 1) for treatment of postpartum hypolactation.Multicentral randomized controlled and single blind clinical trial was adopted, and 276 cases were divided into a treatment group and a control group, 138 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated with electroacupuncture (EA) at Shaoze (SI 1) and the control group with EA at Shangyang (LI 1). After treatment of 2 courses, the therapeutic effects and changes of cumulative score of TCM symptoms, mammary filling degree, lactation amount, prolactin level were evaluated and investigated.The cured and markedly effective rate was 97.8% in the treatment group and 24.3% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). The treatment group in improvement of the cumulative score of TCM symptoms and the mammary filling degree, and increasing the lactation amount and the prolactin level were better than the control group (P0.01).Acupuncture at Shaoze (SI 1) has obvious therapeutic effect on hypolactation.

Background Ophiopogon japonicas (L.f) Ker-Gawl has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to cure acute and chronic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases including thrombotic diseases for thousands of years. Previous phytochemical studies showed that O. japonicus contained compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to identify and isolate compounds with anti-inflammatory activity from the rhizome of O. japonicas. Methods Compounds were isolated by various column chromatography and their structures were identified in terms of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR) and mass spectrum (MS). To measure the anti-inflammatory effects of thirteen compounds in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, we used the following methods: cell viability assay, nitric oxide assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time PCR analysis and western blotting analysis. Results One new and twelve known compounds (mainly homoisoflavonoids) were extracted from O. japonicas, in which 4′-O-Demethylophiopogonanone E (10) was considered as a new compound, additionally, compounds 4-O-(2-Hydroxy-1- hydroxymethylethyl)-dihydroconiferyl alcohol (2) and 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(2′, 4′-dihydroxybenzyl) chroman-4-one (12) were isolated from the rhizome of O. japonicas for the first time. The isolated compounds Oleic acid (3), Palmitic acid (4), desmethylisoophiopogonone B [5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-8- methyl- chromone] (5), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl) chromone (7) and 10 significantly suppressed the production of NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Especially compound 10 showed the strongest effect against the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-6 with the IC50 value of 32.5 ± 3.5 μg/mL and 13.4 ± 2.3 μg/mL, respectively. Further analysis elucidated that the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 10 might be exerted through inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK in MAPK signaling pathways to decrease NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Conclusions Our results indicated that 4′-O-Demethylophiopogonanone E can be considered as a potential source of therapeutic medicine for inflammatory diseases.