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We estimate the sensitivity of the DUNE experiment to new physics particles interacting with neutrinos, considering the dipole portal to heavy neutral leptons and a neutrinophilic scalar with lepton-number $2$ as examples. We demonstrate that neutrinos from the high-energy tail of the DUNE flux, with energies $E_{\nu}\gtrsim 5-10\text{ GeV}$, may significantly improve the sensitivity to these models, allowing to search for particles as heavy as $\simeq 10\text{ GeV}$. We also study the impact of the so-called tau-optimized neutrino beam configuration, which slightly improves sensitivity to the new physics models considered here. For both models, we consider new production channels (such as deep-inelastic scattering) and provide a detailed comparison of different signatures in the detector., Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures, consistent with published version

Background : Surgery is the main treatment for resectable esophageal cancer but not for advanced esophageal cancer with distant metastasis. PDT is a novel therapeutic strategy for dysphagia and unresectable esophageal cancer, with tremendous advantages of minimal invasiveness and organ-preserving treatment modality. PDT prevents tumor progression and growth by inducing vascular injury and local acute inflammatory responses. Immunotherapy, combined with PDT, may contribute to the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of esophageal cancer and reduce the probability of tumor recurrence. Case Report : A 54-year-old male patient with advanced esophageal cancer was hospitalized in the author's hospital on 20th April 2020, who had been treated with two cycles of chemotherapy at the local hospital but failed. In this case, after metal stent implantation, the patient underwent a remarkable and successful treatment of PDT combined with sintilimab, a PD-1 inhibitor. An additional immune checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy offer the opportunity to eliminate residual and invisible tumors. The patient had an excellent prognosis that not only the primary lesion was cured, but also the metastatic lymph nodes were significantly reduced, with no tumor recurrence in the last endoscopic review. Conclusion : PDT in combination with immunotherapy is a promising strategy to eliminate primary and metastatic esophageal cancer by generating local and systemic antitumor responses, especially after interventional esophageal stent implantation for relief of obstruction.

To explore and analyze the effect of liquid dressing in relieving pain and preventing incision adhesion after circumcision and its clinical application value.Ninety male patients underwent circumcision in Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from September to November 2019, with the incision covered with liquid dressing + vaseline gauze (group A, n = 30), liquid dressing alone (group B, n = 30) or vaseline gauze only (group C, n = 30). At 2, 4 and 6 days after surgery, we compared the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain intensity at dressing change, incision bleeding after dressing removal and incidence of postoperative complications among the three groups of patients.At 2, 4 and 6 days after surgery, the VAS pain score and incidence of incision bleeding were significantly lower in groups A and B than in C (P0.05). At 2 days, both the VAS pain score and incidence of incision bleeding were markedly decreased in group A as compared with those in group B (P0.05). At 4 and 6 days, the VAS pain score remained lower in group A than in B (P0.05), but the incidence rate of incision bleeding showed no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of postoperative complications among the three groups (P0.05).Liquid dressing can reduce pain intensity at dressing change, prevent incision adhesion and consequent dressing change-induced tearing and bleeding, and therefore promote incision healing after circumcision. Its combination with vaseline gauze can achieve an even better effect.

To investigate the infection of reproductive Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) detected by real-time fluorescence constant-temperature simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) of nucleic acid among patients present at the clinics of urology, gynecology or venereal diseases.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 5 711 patients with suspected genitourinary tract (GUT) infection present at the clinics of urology, gynecology or sexually transmitted diseases in Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Shaoxing People's Hospital and General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from January 2018 to December 2018. The patients were aged 16－73 (38.77 ± 11.32) years, 3 425 males and 2 286 females. We collected urine samples from 3 666, GUT secretion samples from 2 095, and both urine and GUT samples from 50 of the patients. Using the SAT technique, we detected the infections of MG, Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in the patients.Of the 5 711 patients, 294 (5.15%) were found MG-positive, with a significantly higher positive rate in the males than in the females (5.96% ［206/3 425］ vs 3.85% ［88/2 286］, P0.05). The laboratory results with the urine and GUT secretion samples from 50 of the cases showed a consistency rate of 100%. Simple MG infection accounted for 52.04% in the 294 MG-positive cases, 63.11% in the 206 MG-positive males, and 26.13% in the 88 females, with a significantly higher positive rate in the males than in the females (P0.05). MG combined with UU infection had the highest rate among the mixed infections in both the males and females and in those aged ≤20 years, even higher in the females than in the males (P0.05) and in the ≤20-year-old males than in the ≤20-year-old females (8.65% ［9/104］ vs 5.13% ［4/78］, P0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the MG-positive rate among different age groups (χ2 = 32.74, P0.05).Among patients with suspected GUT infection, the MG-positive rate is higher in men than in women, with MG + UU-positive as the most common mixed infection, and it decreases with the increase of age. The results of SAT of urine and GUT secretion have a high consistency rate.

If finite but tiny masses of the three active neutrinos are generated via the canonical seesaw mechanism with three heavy sterile neutrinos, the 3\times 3 Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata neutrino mixing matrix V will not be exactly unitary. This kind of indirect unitarity violation can be probed in a precision reactor antineutrino oscillation experiment, but it may be entangled with terrestrial matter effects as both of them are very small. We calculate the probability of \overline{\nu}_e \to \overline{\nu}_e oscillations in a good analytical approximation, and find that, besides the zero-distance effect, the effect of unitarity violation is always smaller than matter effects, and their entanglement does not appear until the next-to-leading-order oscillating terms are taken into account. Given a 20-kiloton JUNO-like liquid scintillator detector, we reaffirm that terrestrial matter effects should not be neglected but indirect unitarity violation makes no difference, and demonstrate that the experimental sensitivities to the neutrino mass ordering and a precision measurement of \theta_{12} and \Delta_{21} \equiv m^2_2 - m^2_1 are robust., Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, version to be published in PLB, more discussions added

Background The role of abnormal communications among large-scale brain networks have been given increasing attentions in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, few studies have investigated the effect of antidepressant medication treatment on the information communication of structural brain networks, especially converged from the individual analysis. Methods Nineteen unipolar MDD patients completed two diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans before and after 8-week treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. DTI data of 37 matched healthy controls were acquired. We focused on a hub-level community structure network, and investigated whether it had differences on the whole structure and which regions drove these differences in terms of modular affiliation and hub role shift. Data were analyzed by the novel permutation network framework, which appraised the topological consistency of hubs and reserved an individual information. Results Compared to the pre-treatment state, post-treatment patients exhibited increasing number of modular members in the modules that included the right medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed) or the thalamus. Moreover, the result suggested a hub role shift of the left insula from a provincial-hub before treatment to a connector-hub after treatment. Additionally, reduced inter-module degree in the right SFGmed was positively correlated with the reduced sum score of 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale at the follow-up. Conclusions Antidepressant medication treatment might be associated with modular reconfigurations of hubs within the fronto-limbic circuit. Moreover, increased inter-module connections of the left insula might improve its integration ability, promoting the remission of MDD. The correlation results of the right SFGmed suggested it might be a valuable indicator for treatment response.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:To properly use the Ureteric Symptom Score Questionnaire (USSQ) to evaluate, in a randomized control study, the effect of tamsulosin, solifenacin, and their combination ...

There are six leptonic unitarity triangles (LUTs) defined by six orthogonality conditions of the three-family lepton flavor mixing matrix in the complex plane. In the framework of the standard model or the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the evolutions of sides and inner angles of the six LUTs from a superhigh energy scale $\Lambda_{\rm H}^{}$ to the electroweak scale $\Lambda_{\rm EW}^{}$ due to the renormalization-group equation (RGE) running are derived in the integral form for both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. Furthermore, the LUTs as an intuitively geometrical language are applied to the description of the RGE-induced $\mu$-$\tau$ reflection symmetry breaking analytically and numerically., Comment: 28 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

The preference of the normal neutrino mass ordering from the recent cosmological constraint and the global fit of neutrino oscillation experiments does not seem like a wise choice at first glance since it obscures the neutrinoless double beta decay and hence the Majorana nature of neutrinos. Contrary to this naive expectation, we point out that the actual situation is the opposite. The normal neutrino mass ordering opens the possibility of excluding the higher solar octant and simultaneously measuring the two Majorana CP phases in future $0\nu2\beta$ experiments. Especially, the funnel region will completely disappear if the solar mixing angle takes the higher octant. The combined precision measurement by the JUNO and Daya Bay experiments can significantly reduce the uncertainty in excluding the higher octant. With a typical $\mathcal O(\mbox{meV})$ sensitivity on the effective mass $|m_{ee}^{}|$, the neutrinoless double beta decay experiment can tell if the funnel region really exists and hence exclude the higher solar octant. With the sensitivity further improved to sub-meV, the two Majorana CP phases can be simultaneously determined. Thus, the normal neutrino mass ordering clearly shows phenomenological advantages over the inverted one., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, the version to be published in Chinese Physics C

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and remains the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. The present study aimed to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of CRC and identify associated genes in tumor development. Microarray GSE44076, GSE41328 and GSE44861 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and integrated with meta-analysis. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from CRC samples compared with adjacent non-cancerous controls using the Limma package in R, followed by functional analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery online tool. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs and linker genes was constructed using NetBox software and modules were also mined. Functional annotation was performed for modules with a maximum number of nodes. Subsequent to meta-analysis to pool the data, one dataset that included 327 samples involved in 11,081 genes was obtained. A total of 697 DEGs were identified between CRC samples and adjacent non-cancerous controls. In the PPI network, modules 1 and 5 contained the maximum number of nodes. Collagen, type I, α1 (COL1A1), COL1A2 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in module 1 and UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 (ALDH1A1), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and monoglyceride lipase (MGLL) in module 5 exhibited a high degree of connectivity. Functional analysis indicated that the genes in module 1 were involved in extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated functions and that the genes in module 5 were involved in metabolism-related functions. Overall, significant DEGs and linker genes, namely COL1A1, COL1A2, MMP9, UGDH, ALDH1A1, FABP4 and MGLL, play a crucial role in the development of CRC via regulating the ECM and cell metabolism.

Similar to the case in vacuum, it is straightforward to describe neutrino oscillations in matter with the effective lepton flavor mixing matrix U ∼ and neutrino mass-squared differences Δ ∼ j i ≡ m ∼ j 2 − m ∼ i 2 (i, j = 1, 2, 3). By calculating two sets of sum rules of U ∼ and Δ ∼ j i , we have derived exact expressions of | U ∼ α i | 2 and U ∼ α i U ∼ β i * (for α, β = e, μ, τ and i = 1, 2, 3) and discussed the asymptotic behaviors of | U ∼ α i | 2 and U ∼ and Δ ∼ j i in very dense matter (i.e., in the limit of the matter parameter A = 2 2 G F N e E approaching infinity).

If the neutrino mass spectrum turns out to be m^{}_3 < m^{}_1 < m^{}_2, one may choose to relabel it as m^{\prime}_1 < m^{\prime}_2 < m^{\prime}_3 such that all the masses of fundamental fermions with the same electrical charges are in order. In this case the columns of the 3\times 3 lepton flavor mixing matrix U should be reordered accordingly, and the resulting pattern U^\prime may involve one or two large mixing angles in the standard parametrization or its variations. Since the Majorana neutrino mass matrix keeps unchanged in such a mass relabeling, a possible \mu-\tau reflection symmetry is respected in this connection and its breaking effects are model-independently constrained at the 3\sigma level by using current experimental data., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, some changes made, new figures and discussions added, and accepted for publication in Chinese Phys. C

Sulforaphane (SFN), which is highly enriched in cruciferous vegetables, has been investigated for its cancer chemopreventive properties and ability to induce autophagy. Uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A induction is one of the mechanisms that is responsible for the cancer chemopreventive activity of SFN. The current study demonstrates that rapamycin may enhance the chemopreventive effects of SFN on Caco-2 cells; this may be partially attributed to nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- and human pregnane X receptor (hPXR)-mediated UGT1A1, UGT1A8 and UGT1A10 induction. These results indicate that targeting autophagy modulation may be a promising strategy for increasing the chemopreventive effects of SFN in cases of colon cancer.

Motivated by tremendous progress in neutrino oscillation experiments, we derive a new set of simple and compact formulas for three-flavor neutrino oscillation probabilities in matter of a constant density. A useful definition of the $\eta$-gauge neutrino mass-squared difference $\Delta^{}_* \equiv \eta \Delta^{}_{31} + (1-\eta) \Delta^{}_{32}$ is introduced, where $\Delta^{}_{ji} \equiv m^2_j - m^2_i$ for $ji = 21, 31, 32$ are the ordinary neutrino mass-squared differences and $0 \leq \eta \leq 1$ is a real and positive parameter. Expanding neutrino oscillation probabilities in terms of $\alpha \equiv \Delta^{}_{21}/\Delta^{}_*$, we demonstrate that the analytical formulas can be remarkably simplified for $\eta = \cos^2 \theta^{}_{12}$, with $\theta_{12}^{}$ being the solar mixing angle. As a by-product, the mapping from neutrino oscillation parameters in vacuum to their counterparts in matter is obtained at the order of ${\cal O}(\alpha^2)$. Finally, we show that our approximate formulas are not only valid for an arbitrary neutrino energy and any baseline length, but also still maintaining a high level of accuracy., Comment: 34 pages, 5 figures; v2: reference added, to appear in JHEP

Given an accelerator-based neutrino experiment with the beam energy E \lesssim 1 GeV, we expand the probabilities of \nu_\mu \to \nu_e and \overline {\nu}_\mu \to \overline {\nu}_e oscillations in matter in terms of two small quantities \Delta_{21}/\Delta_{31} and A/\Delta_{31}, where \Delta_{21} \equiv m^2_2 - m^2_1 and \Delta_{31} \equiv m^2_3 - m^2_1 are the neutrino mass-squared differences, and A measures the strength of terrestrial matter effects. Our analytical approximations are numerically more accurate than those made by Freund in this energy region, and thus they are particularly applicable for the study of leptonic CP violation in the low-energy MOMENT, ESS\nuSM and T2K oscillation experiments. As a by-product, the new analytical approximations help us to easily understand why the matter-corrected Jarlskog parameter \widetilde{\cal J} peaks at the resonance energy E_* \simeq 0.14 GeV (or 0.12 GeV) for the normal (or inverted) neutrino mass hierarchy, and how the three Dirac unitarity triangles are deformed due to the terrestrial matter contamination. We also affirm that a medium-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with the beam energy E lying in the E_* \lesssim E \lesssim 2 E_* range is capable of exploring leptonic CP violation with little matter-induced suppression., Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures. A crucial mistake removed, highlights changed, and a comparison with Freund's result made

This study investigates the abnormal brain structural connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) through a modularization approach. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected from 20 MDD patients and 20 age-matched controls. The structural modularity characteristics and their relationships with clinical variables were examined. Results indicated that MDD patients exhibited reorganized modules with widely damaged global inter-module connectivity in limbic system and altered intra-module connectivity in left hemisphere. Furthermore, the module degree in right rolandic operculum, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right cuneus and right fusiform gyrus were negatively correlated with the depression severity. Additionally, a positive relationship was also found between the duration of disease and participant coefficient in left median cingulate. The current findings highlight altered modular organization in MDD patients, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Purposes: To probe abnormality that may lead to anxiety in depressive patients. Procedures: This study investigated the graph theory features ahead of machine learning feature selection procedure. Classification methods were applied afterwards. Methods: Graph theory, statistical analysis and forward sequential feature se lection were combined to find features. SVM classifier was also involved. Results: 1 global and 22 local features were found correlated with clinical anxiety factor. Conclusions: Anxiety is correlated with emotion and cognitive loop and other regions.

The recent global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillation data indicates that the normal neutrino mass ordering is favored over the inverted one at the 3σ level, and the best-fit values of the largest neutrino mixing angle θ23 and the Dirac CP-violating phase δ are located in the higher octant and third quadrant, respectively. We show that all these important issues can be naturally explained by the μ-τ reflection symmetry breaking of massive neutrinos from a superhigh energy scale down to the electroweak scale owing to the one-loop renormalization-group equations (RGEs) in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). The complete parameter space is explored for the first time in both the Majorana and Dirac cases, by allowing the smallest neutrino mass m1 and the MSSM parameter tanβ to vary within their reasonable regions.

Rationale Radiation enteritis (RE) is one of the serious complications caused by the radiotherapy and it can occur in any segment of the intestine, including small intestine, colon, and rectum. It can cause a number of serious problems of the intestine, such as chronic ulcers, bleeding, intestinal stenosis, intestinal fistula, and perforation. At present, there is no standard treatment guideline for the RE. Patient concerns A 54-year-old male patient received surgery and chemotherapy for rectal cancer and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for a single metastatic carcinoma of the liver. Three years later, he was diagnosed with recurrent lesion in the rectal anastomotic stoma and was treated with radiotherapy with a total dose of 70 Gy. Following this, he had persistent abdominal pain and diarrhea for 1 year. Diagnoses Colonoscopy confirmed a diagnosis of RE. Interventions Since intestinal probiotics, intestinal mucosal protectants, antidiarrheal drugs, and other treatments were not effective; the patient was treated by RFA. Outcomes Clinical symptoms of the patient were gradually decreased after the RFA. Colonoscopy examination was performed 3 months later and intestinal mucosa was found to have healed well. Lessons RFA is an effective treatment for patients with RE, and it is expected to be one of the standard treatments for the RE.

The vehicle activity survey, including traffic flow distribution, driving condition, and vehicle technologies, were conducted in Shanghai. The databases of vehicle flow, VSP distribution and vehicle categories were established according to the surveyed data. Based on this, a dynamic vehicle emission inventory simulation method was designed by using the real time traffic information data, such as traffic flow and average speed. Some roads in Shanghai city were selected to conduct the hourly vehicle emission simulation as a case study. The survey results show that light duty passenger car and taxi are major vehicles on the roads of Shanghai city, accounting for 48% - 72% and 15% - 43% of the total flow in each hour, respectively. VSP distribution has a good relationship with the average speed. The peak of VSP distribution tends to move to high load section and become lower with the increase of average speed. Vehicles achieved Euro 2 and Euro 3 standards are majorities of current vehicle population in Shanghai. Based on the calibration of vehicle travel mileage data, the proportions of Euro 2 and Euro 3 standard vehicles take up 11% - 70% and 17% - 51% in the real-world situation, respectively. The emission simulation results indicate that the ratios of emission peak and valley for the pollutants of CO, VOC, NO(x) and PM are 3.7, 4.6, 9.6 and 19.8, respectively. CO and VOC emissions mainly come from light-duty passenger car and taxi, which has a good relationship with the traffic flow. NO(x) and PM emissions are mainly from heavy-duty bus and public buses and mainly concentrate in the morning and evening peak hours. The established dynamic vehicle emission simulation method can reflect the change of actual road emission and output high emission road sectors and hours in real time. The method can provide an important technical means and decision-making basis for transportation environment management.

AIM: To explore the correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric diseases and colorectal neoplasia. METHODS: Patients included in this study underwent a colonoscopy and esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) along with histopathological measurement between March 2012 and March 2015 at Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, who also had results of H. pylori detection. A total of 233 cases were selected. Demographic data, H. pylori infection status (including results of rapid urease tests and gastric mucosa pathological examinations) and histopathological examination results of gastric and colorectal mucosa were gathered and analyzed. The statistical analysis focused on the prevalence of colorectal neoplasms among patients with various histopathological categories of the stomach. ORs and their 95%CI were calculated to describe the strengths of the associations. RESULTS: The incidence rates of colorectal adenoma without high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIEN) (OR = 2.400, 95%CI: 0.969-5.941), adenoma with HGIEN (5.333, 1.025-27.758) and adenocarcinoma (1.455, 0.382-5.543) were all higher for patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis than for those in the control group. The incidence rate of colorectal adenoma with HGIEN (3.218, 0.767-13.509) was higher in patients with intestinal metaplasia than in the control group, while the incidence rates of adenoma without HGIEN (0.874, 0.414-1.845) and adenocarcinoma (0.376, 0.096-1.470) were lower in the intestinal metaplasia group than in the control group. The incidence rate of colorectal adenoma without HGIEN (3.111, 1.248-7.753) was significantly higher in the gastric intraepithelial neoplasia group than in the control group, while the rates of adenoma with HGIEN (1.481, 0.138-15.941) and adenocarcinoma (2.020, 0.561-7.272) were higher in the gastric intraepithelial neoplasia group. Incidence rates of colorectal adenoma without HGIEN (1.067, 0.264-4.314), adenoma with HGIEN (2.667, 0.231-30.800) and adenocarcinoma (2.182, 0.450-10.585) were all higher in the gastric adenocarcinoma group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection as well as H. pylori-associated gastric diseases are risk factors for colorectal neoplasia.

Given the best-fit results of six neutrino oscillation parameters, we plot the Dirac and Majorana unitarity triangles (UTs) of the 3\times 3 lepton flavor mixing matrix to show their real shapes for the first time. The connections of the Majorana UTs with neutrino-antineutrino oscillations and neutrino decays are explored, and the possibilities of right or isosceles UTs are discussed. In the neutrino mass limit of m_1 \to 0 or m_3 \to 0, which is allowed by current experimental data, we show how the six triangles formed by the effective Majorana neutrino masses \langle m\rangle_{\alpha\beta} (for \alpha, \beta = e, \mu, \tau) and their corresponding component vectors look like in the complex plane. The relations of such triangles to the Majorana phases and to the lepton-number-violating decays H^{++} \to \alpha^+ \beta^+ in the type-II seesaw mechanism are also illustrated., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, more discussions added. Invited contribution to the Special Issue on Neutrino Oscillations for celebrating the Nobel Prize in Physics 2015 (Nucl. Phys. B in press)