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The addition of Ca could enhance the ignition point of magnesium alloys but impairing their workability, so it is essential to study the hot deformation behavior of new Ca-containing ignition resistance magnesium alloys. The hot deformation behavior of a new ignition resistance Mg–6Zn-0.6Zr-1.2Ca alloy was investigated by compression experiment in the temperature range of 240 °C–360 °C, strain rates of 10−3 s−1-1 s−1 and height reduction of 10%–60%. The true stress-strain curves show that flow stress decreases as the deformation temperature increases or the strain rate decreases. Microstructure analysis shows that higher temperatures and lower strain rates are favorable for DRX, while higher strain rates promote the fragmentation of the Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase. Meanwhile, the existence of Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase make the DRX process be dominated by the particle-induced subgrain nucleation mechanism. By superposition of the power dissipation map and the instability map, a hot processing map of true strain of 0.6 is generated. According to analyses on the processing map and microstructure evolution, the instability of processing map can be attributed to the greater dislocation motion resistances, insufficient DRX, and Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase with low-melting point. Conversely, the optimal processing parameters for the alloy were determined as 280–360 °C/0.001–0.01 s−1 in safe zone with a high η above 0.3, which can be due to the apparent DRX and good deformation coordination.

Texture inheritance, texture weakening, and a complete texture transition within different solidified molten pool (MP) have been achieved by manipulating various processing parameters of conduction mode in laser remelted magnesium-aluminum (Mg–Al)-based AZ31 alloy. At a low laser power (P = 100 W), restricted number of temperature gradient directions on moving solid/liquid (S/L) interfaces within small MP leads to strong texture inheritance. Tilting angles 20°–45° away from building direction (B.D.) in {0001} plane is a preferential growth direction of texture inheritance. In contrast, spontaneous texture weakening has occurred due to frequently varied temperature gradient directions within increasing MP size in higher P cases. Meanwhile, increasing scanning speed V has a significant effect on weakening the texture as well as refining grains in the solidified MP. Furthermore, fine grains formation with random orientations in MP bottom at both high P (400 W) and high V (20, 30, and 50 mm/s) leads to the occurrence of a bimodal structure, which is affected by solidification characteristics as well as thermal convection. For the case of the highest P and the highest V, a texture transition has occurred as tilting angles of 45°–90° away from B.D. in {0001} plane within MP, compared to 0°–45° texture of base material for the Mg–Al-based alloy in the study.

Abstract Secondary non-aqueous magnesium-based batteries are a promising candidate for post-lithium-ion battery technologies. However, the uneven Mg plating behavior at the negative electrode leads to high overpotential and short cycle life. Here, to circumvent these issues, we report the preparation of a magnesium/black phosphorus (Mg@BP) composite and its use as a negative electrode for non-aqueous magnesium-based batteries. Via in situ and ex situ physicochemical measurements, we demonstrate that Mg ions are initially intercalated in black phosphorus two-dimensional structures, forming chemically stable Mg x P intermediates. After the formation of the intermediates, Mg electrodeposition reaction became the predominant. When tested in the asymmetric coin cell configuration, the Mg@BP composite electrode allowed stable stripping/plating performances for 1600 h (800 cycles), a cumulative capacity of 3200 mAh cm−2, and a Coulombic efficiency of 99.98%. Assembly and testing of the Mg@BP | |nano-CuS coin cell enabled a discharge capacity of 398 mAh g−1 and an average cell discharge potential of about 1.15 V at a specific current of 560 mA g−1 with a low decay rate of 0.016% per cycle for 225 cycles at 25 °C.

Conditioning-free electrolytes with high reversibility of Mg plating/stripping are of vital importance for the commercialization of the superior rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs). In the present work, a non-nucleophilic electrolyte (denoted as MLCH) based on all-inorganic salts of MgCl2, LiCl and CrCl3 for RMBs is prepared by a straightforward one-step reaction. As a result, the MLCH electrolyte shows the noticeable performance of high ionic conductivity (3.40 mS cm−1), low overpotential (∼46 mV vs Mg/Mg2+), high Coulombic efficiency (∼93%), high anodic stability (SS, ∼2.56 V vs Mg/Mg2+) and long-term (more than 500 h) cycling stability, especially the conditioning-free characteristic. The main equilibrium species in the MLCH electrolyte are confirmed to be the tetracoordinated anions of [LiCl2(THF)2]− and solvated dimers of [Mg2(µ-Cl)3(THF)6]+. The addition of LiCl can assist the dissolution of MgCl2 and activation of the electrode/electrolyte interface, resulting in a superior Mg plating/stripping efficiency. The synergistic effect of LiCl, CrCl3, a small amount of HpMS and the absence of polymerization THF enable the conditioning-free characteristic of the MLCH electrolyte. Moreover, the MLCH electrolyte exhibits decent compatibility with the cathodic materials of CuS. The Mg/CuS full cell using the MLCH electrolyte presents a discharge specific capacity of 215 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and the capacity can retain ∼72% after 40 cycles. Notably, the MLCH electrolyte has other superiorities such as the broad sources of materials, low-cost and easy-preparation, leading to the potential prospect of commercial application.

Abstract Background Adverse atherogenic lipid profile is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events in patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Knowledge regarding the impact of statins on lipid profile remains limited. Methods We retrospectively analysed multicenter, real-world data from the Chinese Cardiovascular Association Database-iHeart Project. Patients with a primary diagnosis of ACS from 2014 to 2021 during index hospitalisation and having at least one lipid panel record after discharge within 12 months were enrolled. We analysed target achievement of atherogenic lipid profile, including apolipoprotein B (

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs), as a low-cost, high-safety and high-energy storage technology, have attracted tremendous attention in large-scale energy storage applications. However, the key anode/electrolyte interfacial issues, including surface passivation, uneven Mg plating/stripping, and pulverization after cycling still result in a large overpotential, short cycling life, poor power density, and possible safety hazards of cells, severely impeding the commercial development of RMBs. In this review, a concise overview of recently advanced strategies to address these anode/electroyte interfacial issues is systematically classified and summarized. The design of magnesiophilic substrates, construction of artificial SEI layers, and modification of electrolyte are important and effective strategies to improve the uniformity/kinetics of Mg plating/stripping and achieve the stable anode/electrolyte interface. The key opportunities and challenges in this field are advisedly put forward, and the insights into future directions for stabilizing Mg metal anodes and the anode/electrolyte interface are highlighted. This review provides important references fordeveloping the high-performance and high-safety RMBs.

Improving the anticorrosion property of Mg alloys used as concrete formwork is essential for extending their lifespan and ensuring structural integrity. Therefore, MgCO3·3H2O + MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·3H2O/MgO composite coating was prepared on AZ41 Mg alloys using an ultrasonic-cavitated chemical conversion method under different pH conditions. Electrochemical methods combined with immersion tests in the simulated concrete pore solutions containing 0.6 M NaCl were adopted to assess the anticorrosion performance of the uncoated and coated specimens. Results indicate that the improved pH benefits the densification of the composite coating, thus leading to the enhanced anticorrosion performance. The generation of dense MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·3H2O layer rather than corrosion products after immersion makes such an affordable anticorrosion coating, amenable to large-scale production, holds promise as a viable surface treatment method for Mg alloy concrete formwork.

Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy is an important lightweight material in the aerospace field. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) provides a new route to fabricate large Mg alloy components. Here, a Mg-8Gd-4Y–1Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy was fabricated using WAAM based on the cold metal transfer (CMT) process. Subsequently, a short-time solid solution + aging treatment was designed to tailor the microstructure. In the as-fabricated condition, the microstructure mainly consisted of fine α-Mg, network (Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y) eutectic phase, and lamellar γ′ basal precipitate. After 500 °C-1 h short-time solid solution, the eutectic phase rapidly dissolved, the long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase formed, and the fine grain was maintained. Due to the good deformation capacity of the fine grains and the kinking deformation capacity of the LPSO phase, the ductility was significantly improved from 5.2 ± 0.4% to 15.5 ± 1.1%. After further 200 °C-64 h artificial aging, dense β′ prismatic precipitates formed. Thanks to the synergistic strengthening of the fine grains and β′ prismatic precipitates, a yield strength of 242 ± 4 MPa was achieved. However, the kinking deformation of the LPSO phase was inhibited, resulting in a drastic decrease of ductility to 6.1 ± 0.5%. Overall, the combination of strength and ductility of the CMT-based WAAM-processed Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy under an optimized heat treatment regime can be superior to those of the cast Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys with similar contents of Gd and Y elements. This work can guide further performance optimization for WAAM-processed Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys.

In this study, Mg-13.2Gd-4.3Ni alloys containing continuous bulk-shaped long-period stacking ordered (LPSO), lamellar LPSO, and a small amount of eutectic phase were prepared, and the evolution of microstructure at different extrusion temperatures and its influence on mechanical and degradation properties as well as corrosion mechanism were investigated. Preheating before extrusion can effectively promote the precipitation of lamellar LPSO in matrix. EX400 with higher volume fraction of non-DRXed grains exhibited higher strength, which was mainly due to strong texture, high dislocation density, and high volume fraction of lamellar LPSO. The EX420 with higher volume fraction of DRXed grains showed higher degradation rate, which was mainly due to the higher density of grain boundary. The EX400 exhibited excellent comprehensive properties with tensile yield strength (TYS) of 334 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 484 MPa and elongation (EL) of 7.4%, ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of 638 MPa and compressive yield strength (CYS) of 443 MPa, degradation rate of 86.1 mg/cm2/h at 93 °C in 3 wt.% KCl solution.

Abstract Background The application of cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in stroke patients has received increasing attention due to its neuromodulation mechanisms. However, studies on the effect and safety of cerebellar TMS to improve balance capacity and activity of daily living (ADL) for stroke patients are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect and safety of cerebellar TMS on balance capacity and ADL in stroke patients. Method A systematic search of seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Chinese Scientific Journal) were conducted from their inception to October 20, 2023. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cerebellar TMS on balance capacity and/or ADL in stroke patients were enrolled. The quality of included studies were assessed by Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results A total of 13 studies involving 542 participants were eligible. The pooled results from 8 studies with 357 participants showed that cerebellar TMS could significantly improve the post-intervention Berg balance scale (BBS) score (MD = 4.24, 95%CI = 2.19 to 6.29, P

Abstract Magnesium‐based batteries have garnered significant attention due to their high energy density, excellent intrinsic safety, and low cost. However, the application process has been hindered by the high Mg2+ ions diffusion barrier in solid‐state structures and solid‐liquid interphase. To address this issue, a hybrid battery technology based on Mg anode and Fe‐based Prussian Blue Analogue cathode doped with functional transition metal ions and N═O bonds is proposed. Combined multiscale experimental characterizations with theoretical calculations, the subtle lattice distortion can create an asymmetric diffusion path for the active ions, which enables reversible extraction with significantly reduced diffusion barriers achieved by synergistic doping. The optimized cathode exhibits a working potential of 2.3 V and an initial discharge capacity of 152 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. With the preferred electrolyte combined with equivalent concentration [Mg2(µ‐Cl)2(DME)4][AlCl4]2 and NaTFSI salt solution, the hybrid system demonstrates superior cycling performance over 200 cycles at a high current density of 200 mA g−1, maintaining ≈100% coulombic efficiency with superior ion dynamic. The findings are expected to be marked an important step in the further application of high‐voltage cathodes for Mg‐based hybrid batteries.

Various laser scanning strategies of multitrack products, consisting of a default Raster pattern (R1), a Raster pattern with a changed line order (R2), and a default Zigzag pattern (Z1), with different overlap rates ranged from 0.7 to 0.5, have been conducted to investigate microstructure evolution for Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy. As the overlap rate changes from 0.7 to 0.5, the average grain size decreases and the texture is slightly concentrated, except for R2 pattern. For effect of different scanning pattern, a relatively small average grain size can be obtained using the R1, R2 patterns compared to using the Z1 pattern; a relatively weak texture can be obtained using the R1, Z1 patterns compared to using the R2 pattern. The utilization of Z1 pattern results in a further texture weakening compared to that of the R1 pattern. Microstructure evolution of scanning strategy is mainly determined by low-undercooling-required epitaxial growth along temperature gradient directions at the solid/liquid interface. Combined with computational thermal-fluid dynamics simulation, a strong fluid flow within the molten pool promotes side expansion of the molten pool, resulting in the larger overlap area, the corresponding three-times remelting domain and continuous deflections of grain major axes.

Invasive plants can interact with soil microbes to enhance their own performance. Such interactive effects may persist and later affect plant performance and their population dynamics. Such ‘invasive soil legacy’ is the specific plant–soil feedback that can affect future invasions, while it is not clear how nitrogen deposition and interspecific competition influence invasive soil legacy. Thus, we collected field soil and conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of soil legacy of the invasive tree Rhus typhina on the performance, functional traits and soil microbial communities of R. typhina and the native tree Ailanthus altissima under three nitrogen levels with and without interspecific competition. The experiment revealed that the outcomes of invasive soil legacies were context-specific and depended on local soil nutrient levels and species competition. Specifically, nitrogen addition changed the negative conspecific soil legacy on subsequent R. typhina to a positive effect, while it became negative in A. altissima. The invasive soil legacy promoted the transpirational rate of R. typhina and A. altissima in monoculture, but inhibited it in a mixture under nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen deposition reduced bacteria and fungi biomass of A. altissima in monocultures and mixtures. In contrast, nitrogen deposition decreased bacterial and fungal biomass of R. typhina in monocultures, but enhanced them in mixtures. Therefore, changes in plant growth, transpiration rate and soil microbial biomass might contribute to the different responses of invasive and native plants to invasive soil legacies. Nitrogen deposition and interspecific competition promote the viability of invasive plants from plant–soil feedback and indicate that ranges of subsequent plants might further expand through below-ground process under nitrogen deposition in the future.

Highlights MVOH/rGO cathode with dual defect of Mg2+ pre-intercalation defect (P-Mgd) and surface oxygen defect (Od) is prepared. The dual defect of Od and P-Mgd in MVOH/rGO lamellar structure effectively enhances Mg2+ migration kinetics, structural stability, and electronic conductivity. The Mg foil//MVOH/rGO full cell achieves an ultralong lifespan of 850 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and powers an orange light-emitting diode.

This work studied the microstructure, mechanical properties and damping properties of Mg95.34Ni2Y2.66 and Mg95.34Zn1Ni1Y2.66 alloys systematically. The difference in the evolution of the long-period stacked ordered (LPSO) phase in the two alloys during heat treatment was the focus. The morphology of the as-cast Mg95.34Ni2Y2.66 presented a disordered network. After heat treatment at 773 K for 2 hours, the eutectic phase was integrated into the matrix, and the LPSO phase maintained the 18R structure. As Zn partially replaced Ni, the crystal grains became rounded in the cast alloy, and lamellar LPSO phases and more solid solution atoms were contained in the matrix after heat treatment of the Mg95.34Zn1Ni1Y2.66 alloy. Both Zn and the heat treatment had a significant effect on damping. Obvious dislocation internal friction peaks and grain boundary internal friction peaks were found after temperature-dependent damping of the Mg95.34Ni2Y2.66 and Mg95.34Zn1Ni1Y2.66 alloys. After heat treatment, the dislocation peak was significantly increased, especially in the alloy Mg95.34Ni2Y2.66. The annealed Mg95.34Ni2Y2.66 alloy with a rod-shaped LPSO phase exhibited a good damping performance of 0.14 at ε=10−3, which was due to the difference between the second phase and solid solution atom content. These factors also affected the dynamic modulus of the alloy. The results of this study will help in further development of high-damping magnesium alloys.

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr is an important lightweight material in the aerospace field. However, the engineering applications of large-scale Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy components are significantly limited by macrosegregation and microstructure coarsening during the casting process. In recent years, wire-arc directed energy deposition (DED), which has high design and manufacturing freedom, provides a new route to manufacture large-scale metal parts. In this work, a dilute Mg-3.2Gd-0.6Y-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy, which had a degree of alloying comparable to AZ31 commercial alloys, was fabricated using a wire-arc DED process based on tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, the microstructure evolution, tensile properties, and impact toughness were investigated. Due to the multiple grain refinement effects, the DED sample displayed a fine-grain structure (12.3 ± 7.4 μm), which was comparable to that of the wrought counterpart. Combined with the ductilizing effects of the fine grain and the Gd/Y solutes, the DED sample achieved a high ductility, which was better than most reported additive-manufactured Mg alloys as well as wrought Mg alloys. The good plastic deformation capacity also endowed the DED sample with good crack propagation resistance under dynamic impact load. We hope this work can help guide the further development of high-performance Mg alloys that are specially designed for the wire-arc DED additive manufacturing process.

Abstract The inverse temperature layer (ITL) beneath water‐atmosphere interface within which temperature increases with depth has been observed from measurement of water temperature profile at an inland lake. Strong solar radiation combined with moderate wind‐driven near‐surface turbulence leads to the formation of a pronounced diurnal cycle of the ITL predicted by a physical heat transfer model. The ITL only forms during daytime when solar radiation intensity exceeds a threshold while consistently occurs during nighttime. The largest depth of the ITL is comparable to the e‐fold penetration depth of solar radiation during daytime and at least one order of magnitude deeper during nighttime. The dynamics of the ITL depth variation simulated by a physical model forced by observed water surface solar radiation and temperature is confirmed by the observed water temperature profile in the lake.

Background: Data regarding risk factors for premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is scarce given that few research focus on it. This study aimed to develop and validate a clinical nomogram for PCAD patients in Guangzhou. Methods: We recruited 108 PCAD patients (female ≤65 years old and male ≤55 years old) and 96 healthy controls from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 01/01/2021 and 31/12/2022. Twenty potentially relevant indicators of PCAD were extracted. Next, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to optimize variable selection. The nomogram was developed based on the selected variables visually. Results: Independent risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), history of PCAD, glucose, Apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1), high density lipoprotein 2-cholesterol (HDL2-C), total cholesterol and triglyceride, were identified by LASSO and logistic regression analysis. The nomogram showed accurate discrimination (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, ROC, 87.45 %, 95 % CI: 82.58 %-92.32 %). Decision curve analysis (DCA) suggested that the nomogram was clinical beneficial. HDL2, one risk factor, was isolated by a two-step discontinuous density-gradient ultracentrifugation method. And HDL2 from PCAD patients exhibited less 3H-cholesterol efflux (22.17 % vs 26.64 %, P

IntroductionBacterial resistance presents a major challenge to both the ecological environment and human well-being, with persistence playing a key role. Multiple studies were recently undertaken to examine the factors influencing the formation of persisters and the underlying process, with a primary focus on Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria). Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is capable of causing a variety of infectious diseases, but there have been few studies of E. faecalis persisters. Previous studies have shown that the sex pheromone cCF10 secreted by E. faecalis induces conjugative plasmid transfer. However, whether the pheromone cCF10 regulates the persistence of E. faecalis has not been investigated.MethodsAs a result, we investigated the effect and potential molecular mechanism of pheromone cCF10 in regulating the formation of persisters in E. faecalis OG1RF using a persistent bacteria model.Results and discussionThe metabolically active E. faecalis OG1RF reached a persistence state and temporarily tolerated lethal antibiotic concentrations after 8 h of levofloxacin hydrochloride (20 mg/mL) exposure, exhibiting a persistence rate of 0.109 %. During the growth of E. faecalis OG1RF, biofilm formation was a critical factor contributing to antibiotic persistence, whereas 10 ng/mL cCF10 blocked persister cell formation. Notably, cCF10 mediated the antibiotic persistence of E. faecalis OG1RF via regulating metabolic activity rather than suppressing biofilm formation. The addition of cCF10 stimulated the Opp system and entered bacterial cells, inhibiting (p)ppGpp accumulation, thus maintaining the metabolically active state of bacteria and reducing persister cell generation. These findings offer valuable insights into the formation, as well as the control mechanism of E. faecalis persisters.

Abstract Mg‐ion batteries (MIBs) are promising next‐generation secondary batteries, but suffer from sluggish Mg2+ migration kinetics and structural collapse of the cathode materials. Here, an H2O‐Mg2+ waltz‐like shuttle mechanism in the lamellar cathode, which is realized by the coordination, adaptive rotation and flipping, and co‐migration of lattice H2O molecules with inserted Mg2+, leading to the fast Mg2+ migration kinetics, is reported; after Mg2+ extraction, the lattice H2O molecules rearrange to stabilize the lamellar structure, eliminating structural collapse of the cathode. Consequently, the demo cathode of Mg0.75V10O24·nH2O (MVOH) exhibits a high capacity of 350 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 and maintains a capacity of 70 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1. The full aqueous MIB based on MVOH delivers an ultralong lifespan of 5000 cycles The reported waltz‐like shuttle mechanism of lattice H2O provides a novel strategy to develop high‐performance cathodes for MIBs as well as other multivalent‐ion batteries.

Rationale: The disruption of the balance between fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation (FAO) leads to cardiac lipotoxicity, serving as the driving force behind diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Sirtuin 5 (Sirt5), a lysine de-succinylase, could impact diverse metabolic pathways, including FA metabolism. Nevertheless, the precise roles of Sirt5 in cardiac lipotoxicity and DbCM remain unknown. Objective: This study aims to elucidate the role and underlying mechanism of Sirt5 in the context of cardiac lipotoxicity and DbCM. Methods and results: The expression of myocardial Sirt5 was found to be modestly elevated in diabetic heart failure patients and mice. Cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and lipotoxicity were exacerbated by ablation of Sirt5 but improved by forced expression of Sirt5 in diabetic mice. Notably, Sirt5 deficiency impaired FAO without affecting the capacity of FA uptake in the diabetic heart, leading to accumulation of FA intermediate metabolites, which mainly included medium- and long-chain fatty acyl-carnitines. Mechanistically, succinylomics analyses identified carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), a crucial enzyme involved in the reconversion of fatty acyl-carnitines to fatty acyl-CoA and facilitating FAO, as the functional succinylated substrate mediator of Sirt5. Succinylation of Lys424 in CPT2 was significantly increased by Sirt5 deficiency, leading to the inactivation of its enzymatic activity and the subsequent accumulation of fatty acyl-carnitines. CPT2 K424R mutation, which mitigated succinylation modification, counteracted the reduction of enzymatic activity in CPT2 mediated by Sirt5 deficiency, thereby attenuating Sirt5 knockout-induced FAO impairment and lipid deposition. Conclusions: Sirt5 deficiency impairs FAO, leading to cardiac lipotoxicity in the diabetic heart through the succinylation of Lys424 in CPT2. This underscores the potential roles of Sirt5 and CPT2 as therapeutic targets for addressing DbCM.

This paper proposes a novel protective material that enhances the impact resistance of metaconcrete by integrating rubber aggregates. The study delves into the mesoscopic mechanisms of wave attenuation in this material and the regulation of its performance accordingly. It first explores the effect of various design parameters of engineering aggregates on bandgap formation and then further investigates the influence of material viscoelastic properties on its bandgap width. Mesoscale simulations of spalling tests demonstrate that incorporating rubber aggregates can effectively expand the bandgap range, enhance energy absorption, reduce damage to the mortar matrix, and ultimately improve the impact resistance of metaconcrete. Simulation results in the present study highlight the effectiveness of rubber aggregates in strengthening metaconcrete's impact resistance.

Abstract Background Viral infection elicits the type I interferon (IFN-I) response in host cells and subsequently inhibits viral infection through inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that counteract many steps in the virus life cycle. However, most of ISGs have unclear functions and mechanisms in viral infection. Thus, more work is required to elucidate the role and mechanisms of individual ISGs against different types of viruses. Results Herein, we demonstrate that poliovirus receptor-like protein4 (PVRL4) is an ISG strongly induced by IFN-I stimulation and various viral infections. Overexpression of PVRL4 protein broadly restricts growth of enveloped RNA and DNA viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) whereas deletion of PVRL4 in host cells increases viral infections. Mechanistically, it suppresses viral entry by blocking viral-cellular membrane fusion through inhibiting endosomal acidification. The vivo studies demonstrate that Pvrl4-deficient mice were more susceptible to the infection of VSV and IAV. Conclusion Overall, our studies not only identify PVRL4 as an intrinsic broad-spectrum antiviral ISG, but also provide a candidate host-directed target for antiviral therapy against various viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in the future.

Soil moisture (SM) is crucial for the Earth's ecosystem, impacting climate and vegetation health. Obtaining in situ observations of SM is labor-intensive and complex, particularly in remote and densely vegetated regions like the Amazon rainforest. NASA's soil moisture active and passive (SMAP) mission, utilizing an L-band radiometer, aims to monitor global SM. While it has been validated in areas with low vegetation water content (VWC) (< 5 ${\text{kgm}}^{ - 2}$), its efficiency in the Amazon, with dense canopies and high VWC (> 10 ${\text{kgm}}^{ - 2}$), is limitedly investigated due to scarce in situ measurements. This study assessed and analyzed the SMAP SM retrievals in the Amazon, employing the single-channel algorithm and adjusting vegetation optical depth (τ) and single scattering albedo (ω), two key vegetation parameters. It incorporated in situ SM observations from three old-growth rainforest locations: Tambopata (Southwest Amazon), Manaus (Central Amazon), and Caxiuana (Eastern Amazon). The SMAP SM deviated substantially from the in situ SM. However, calibrating τ and ω values, characterized by a lower τ, resulted in better agreement with the in situ measurements. This study emphasizes the pressing need for innovative methodologies to accurately retrieve SM in high-VWC regions like the Amazon rainforest using SMAP data.

Exposure to Pb2+ in the environment, especially in water, poses a significant threat to human health and urgently necessitates the development of highly sensitive Pb2+ detection methods. In this study, we have integrated the high sensitivity of electrochemical techniques with allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) to develop an innovative electrochemical biosensing platform. This biosensors leverage the specific binding and dissociation of DNA to the aTFs (PbrR) on electrode surfaces to detect Pb2+. Under the optimal conditions, the platform has a broad linear detection range from 1 pM to 10 nM and an exceptionally low detection threshold of 1 pM, coupled with excellent selectivity for Pb2+. Notably, the biosensor demonstrates regenerative capabilities, enabling up to five effective Pb2+ measurements. After one week of storage at 4 °C, effective lead ion detection was still possible, demonstrating the biosensor’s excellent stability, this can effectively save the cost of detection. The biosensor also achieves a recovery rate of 93.3% to 106.6% in real water samples. The biosensor shows its potential as a robust tool for the ultrasensitive detection of Pb2+ in environmental monitoring. Moreover, this research provides new insights into the future applications of aTFs in electrochemical sensing.

In order to encourage digital transformation in the traditional construction industry, the Chinese government has promoted 24 pilot cities to develop intelligent construction. The practices of intelligent construction are disparate in all 24 pilot cities. Given this context, it is important to effectively and comprehensively evaluate the level of intelligent construction in these pilot cities. This study thus evaluates the development of intelligent construction in different pilot cities. By conducting an in-depth analysis of the existing literature and policies, an evaluation system consisting of five dimensions and a total of 30 indicators is established. The entropy method and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are used to evaluate the development of intelligent construction in 23 pilot cities. The research findings indicate that the development of intelligent construction in different pilot cities is uneven, with clear gaps between first-tier cities and Western cities. The development of industries, the cultivation of talent, and economic growth are relatively satisfactory, while technological innovation and digital infrastructure are insufficient. Several suggestions are proposed to promote the development of intelligent construction, including expediting the construction of intelligent infrastructure, enhancing digital transformation, promoting technological innovation, and implementing talent cultivation strategies.

Abstract Science, engineering, and society increasingly require integrative thinking about emerging problems in complex systems, a notion referred to as convergence science. Due to the concurrent pressures of two main stressors—rapid climate change and industrialization, Arctic research demands such a paradigm of scientific inquiry. This perspective represents a synthesis of a vision for its application in Arctic system studies, developed by a group of disciplinary experts consisting of social and earth system scientists, ecologists, and engineers. Our objective is to demonstrate how convergence research questions can be developed via a holistic view of system interactions that are then parsed into material links and concrete inquiries of disciplinary and interdisciplinary nature. We illustrate the application of the convergence science paradigm to several forms of Arctic stressors using the Yamal Peninsula of the Russian Arctic as a representative natural laboratory with a biogeographic gradient from the forest‐tundra ecotone to the high Arctic.

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cyanobacterial toxin, has been detected in the global water environment. However, information concerning the potential environmental risk of CYN is limited, since the majority of previous studies have mainly focused on the adverse health effects of CYN through contaminated drinking water. The present study reported that CYN at environmentally relevant levels (0.1–100 μg/L) can significantly enhance the conjugative transfer of RP4 plasmid in Escherichia coli genera, wherein application of 10 μg/L of CYN led to maximum fold change of ∼6.5- fold at 16 h of exposure. Meanwhile, evaluation of underlying mechanisms revealed that environmental concentration of CYN exposure could increase oxidative stress in the bacterial cells, resulting in ROS overproduction. In turn, this led to an upregulation of antioxidant enzyme-related genes to avoid ROS attack. Further, inhibition of the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) was also detected, which led to the rapid depletion of GSH in cells and thus triggered the SOS response and promoted the conjugative transfer process. Increase in cell membrane permeability, upregulation of expression of genes related to pilus generation, ATP synthesis, and RP4 gene expression were also observed. These results highlight the potential impact on the spread of antimicrobial resistance in water environments.

Abstract Ground heat flux (G0) is a key component of the land‐surface energy balance of high‐latitude regions. Despite its crucial role in controlling permafrost degradation due to global warming, G0 is sparsely measured and not well represented in the outputs of global scale model simulation. In this study, an analytical heat transfer model is tested to reconstruct G0 across seasons using soil temperature series from field measurements, Global Climate Model, and climate reanalysis outputs. The probability density functions of ground heat flux and of model parameters are inferred using available G0 data (measured or modeled) for snow‐free period as a reference. When observed G0 is not available, a numerical model is applied using estimates of surface heat flux (dependent on parameters) as the top boundary condition. These estimates (and thus the corresponding parameters) are verified by comparing the distributions of simulated and measured soil temperature at several depths. Aided by state‐of‐the‐art uncertainty quantification methods, the developed G0 reconstruction approach provides novel means for assessing the probabilistic structure of the ground heat flux for regional permafrost change studies.

It is recently suggested that air-formed film plays an important role in controlling corrosion resistance of Mg-Li alloys. However, the structure of the air-formed film and its effect on corrosion resistance of Mg-Li alloys has not been fully understood. Firstly, the air-formed films formed on α and β phases in a dual-phase LZ91 Mg-Li alloy after exposure to laboratory air for up to 48 h have been examined by SEM under the assistance of ultramicrotomy. Then, the effect of the air-formed film on surface potential and, consequently, corrosion/oxidation behavior of the alloy has been investigated. Finally, in order to exclude the influence from α phase, the structure of the air-formed film on β phase and its effect on corrosion/oxidation behavior of Mg-Li alloys have been studied based on a single-phase LA141 Mg-Li alloy. The results show that the air-formed film is thin and negligible on α phase but thick on β phase after prolonged exposure to laboratory air. The thick air-formed film on β phase has a multilayer structure with an inner layer consisting of MgO/Mg(OH)2 and outer layer consisting of Li2CO3, which greatly elevates the surface potential of β phase in air. Both LZ91 and LA141 Mg-Li alloys firstly undergo uniform corrosion and then filiform corrosion when immersed in NaCl solution and the pre-existed air-formed film on β-Li phase can retard the occurrence of filiform corrosion in the alloys.

Magnesium-based energy materials, which combine promising energy-related functional properties with low cost, environmental compatibility and high availability, have been regarded as fascinating candidates for sustainable energy conversion and storage. In this review, we provide a timely summary on the recent progress in three types of important Mg-based energy materials, based on the fundamental strategies of composition and structure engineering. With regard to Mg-based materials for batteries, we systematically review and analyze different material systems, structure regulation strategies as well as the relevant performance in Mg-ion batteries (MIBs) and Mg-air batteries (MABs), covering cathodes, electrolytes, anodes for MIBs, and anodes for MABs; as to Mg-based hydrogen storage materials, we discuss how catalyst adding, composite, alloying and nanostructuring improve the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of de/hydrogenation reactions, and in particular, the impacts of composition and structure modification on hydrogen absorption/dissociation processes and free energy modification mechanism are focused; regarding Mg-based thermoelectric materials, the relations between composition/structure and electrical/thermal transport properties of Mg3X2 (X = Sb, Bi), Mg2X (X = Si, Ge, Sn) and MgAgSb-based materials, together with the representative research progress of each material system, are summarized and discussed. Finally, by pointing out remaining challenges and providing possible solutions, this review aims to shed light on the directions and perspectives for practical applications of magnesium-based energy materials in the future.

The microstructure evolution and corrosion mechanism of Mg–9Er–xGd–2Ni alloys, subjected to Gd addition and extrusion, were investigated in this study. Results shows that with the increase in Gd content from 1.0 wt.% to 5.0 wt.%, the second phase change from continuous network LPSO phase with intragranular γʹ phase to a monolithic continuous network LPSO phase, while the corresponding volume fraction of the second phase remains essentially unchanged. Moreover, it is noted that increasing Gd content contributed to a reduction in the corrosion rate of alloy by reducing galvanic corrosion couples and facilitating the formation of double Gd2O3 and Er2O3 corrosion-resistant films. Ultimately, what's most noteworthy is that compared with as-cast alloys, the corrosion rate of as-extruded alloys increased by 49.2%–125.3% with increasing Gd content, which is due to the streamlined LPSO phase distribution weakening the corrosion barrier effect of high-volume fraction network distribution LPSO phase alloy and grain refinement providing more corrosion interfaces that inhibited the formation of corrosion-resistant product films. This study provides new provides new insights for the development of highly degradable Mg–Er–Gd–Ni alloys that have high strength potential for applications in unconventional oil and gas extraction.

Structures with a hard surface and soft core have always been the goal of surface-coating technology. In this study, this goal was achieved in a eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) surface by using aging treatment at elevated temperature. The EHEA surface structure comprised L21 and B2 phases, and a substantial amount of nanoprecipitates were observed inside the B2 and L21 phases. Interestingly, the structure near the interface resembled a “flowerpot seed”, whereas the structure away from the interface resembled a “flower-like” one. After aging treatment, Al diffused to the area away from the interface, resulting in increased volume fraction of L21. Cr and Fe diffused toward the interface, resulting in increased B2 phase. The hardness gradually decreased from the surface to the interior, creating a structure with a hard surface and soft core. The tribological properties of the surface also significantly improved, with decreased coefficient of friction from 0.514 to 0.471. Therefore, this EHEA is a promising candidate as a coating material for long-term applications at elevated temperatures.

Abstract Background Commencing work at an early age has been linked to various risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), such as shift work and intensive job strain. However, the relationship between starting work too early and CHD risk remains largely unclear. We examined the association between age at job initiation and the risk of CHD. Methods UK Biobank participants aged 38 to 70 years without cardiovascular disease who provided data on their age at job initiation were included. The primary outcome was CHD, which was ascertained using hospital and death records. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for the association between age at job initiation and CHD were calculated using multivariable Cox regression. Results Of the 501,971 participants, 114,418 eligible participants were included in the final analysis. The median age at job initiation was 19.0 years. During the mean follow-up of 12.6 years, 6,130 (5.4%) first CHD events occurred. We observed that age at job initiation was inversely associated with CHD (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99), and the association was potentially J-shaped. The HRs for the

The effects of Er and Ni content on the microstructure evolution, corrosion mechanism of Mg–Er–Ni alloys with different orientations were investigated. With the increase of Er and Ni content, the corrosion rate of extrusion direction (ED) increases, while transverse direction (TD) is reversed, which may be due to the distinct corrosion mechanism in different orientations, where ED and TD exhibit soluble and corrosion-resistant mechanism, respectively. Moreover, high content second phase alloy with a large deformation grain fraction and low levels second phase alloy with fully recrystallized grains have larger and smaller corrosion rate differences in ED and TD, respectively.

The poor anticorrosion property of magnesium alloys is one of main concerns prior to their various applications. In this study, an anticorrosive hydrogen phosphate coating was fabricated via the ultrasound-assisted chemical conversion treatment on AZ41 Mg alloy for concrete formwork. The coatings prepared by the conventional chemical conversion and hydrothermal treatment were also obtained as a comparison. Surface characterizations and electrochemical methods were carried out. Results show that the ultrasound-assisted coating obtained possesses a thickness more than 3 μm, which is thicker than the other two coatings. Moreover, the ultrasound-assisted coating presents a more homogeneous structure on the second phases, while the surface qualities of the other two coatings were significantly reduced due to the inhomogeneous CaHPO4·2H2O (DCPD) formed on the second phases in AZ41 Mg alloy. The ultrasound-assisted chemical conversion coating exhibits a good corrosion resistance even comparable to the hydrothermal coating. It exhibits a corrosion current density on the order of magnitude of 10−7 A·cm−2 even after the embedment of 96 h in the Portland cement (PC) system containing 3.5 wt% NaCl.

Background: Aortic dissection (AD) is a fatal cardiovascular disease for which the key involved genes are largely unknown. Here, we aimed to identify promising AD biomarkers from high-throughput RNA expressing data. Methods: In the GSE98770 dataset, differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and microRNAs (DE-microRNAs) were identified through differentially expressed gene analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. The regulatory network between DE-mRNAs and DE-microRNAs was established, and hub genes were identified with Cytoscape. Relationships between hub genes and AD were confirmed in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Potential key transcription factors were discovered with Cytoscape. Hub gene verification was performed by qPCR and immunofluorescence analyses of human specimens. Results: DE-mRNAs and DE-microRNAs were identified. Four mRNAs and microRNA-1321 (miR-1321) were found to have the most connections with other genes. CBL was connected to the most genes and interacted with miR-1321, which was also connected to the most genes among the DE-microRNAs. In addition, CBL was associated with AD in the CTD. Among the top five transcription factors potentially regulating CBL transcription, only HOXB13 was a DE-mRNA. The findings were further successfully verified in human specimens. Conclusion: CBL, which may be transcriptionally regulated by HOXB13 and post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-1321, was identified as the most promising potential biomarker for AD.

Special-shaped partially encased steel–concrete composite (PEC) columns could not only improve the aesthetic effect and room space use efficiency, but also exhibit good mechanical performance under static load when used in multi-story residential and office buildings. However, research on the seismic performance of special-shaped PEC columns is insufficient and urgently needed. To investigate the seismic performance of cross-shaped partially encased steel–concrete composite (CPEC) columns, three CPEC columns were designed and tested under combined constant axial load and lateral cyclic load. The test results show that the CPEC columns had good load capacity and ductility, and that the columns failed because of concrete crushing and steel flange buckling after the yielding of the steel flange. The plump hysteresis loops indicated that the CPEC column also had good energy dissipation capacity. Due to the constraint of hydraulic jacks, increasing the load ratio would decrease the effective length, thereby increasing the load capacity of the CPEC column and decreasing the ductility. A finite element model was also established to simulate the response of the CPEC columns, and the simulated results agree well with the experimental results. Thereafter, an extensive parametric analysis was performed to study the influences of different parameters on the seismic performance of CPEC columns. For the CPEC column with an ideal hinged boundary condition at the top, its lateral load capacity gradually decreases with the growth of the load ratio and link spacing and increases with the rise of the steel yield strength, concrete compressive strength, flange and web thickness, and sectional aspect ratio. This research could provide a basis for future theoretical analyses and engineering application.

Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers a brand-new method for short process and rapid manufacturing of large magnesium alloy components, which can avoid the formability dilemma faced by Mg alloys due to their poor plasticity. In this study, the relationships between the solidification texture and the anisotropy of mechanical properties/damping capacities of an AZ31 Mg-based alloy fabricated by the WAAM process were studied. The results revealed that the crystallographic texture with the (0001) basal plane along the building direction was promoted by the preferential growth of dendrite arms along the direction of the HCP crystal structure. The (0001) basal texture had a strong influence on the anisotropy of mechanical properties and damping capacities. Compared to the sample with a tensile axis perpendicular to the building direction, the sample with a tensile axis along the building direction displays a simultaneous increase in tensile strength and ductility, which is related to the smaller Schmid factor (SF) for basal slip and better plasticity deformation via non-basal slip and twinning. However, the smaller SF for basal slip also results in a smaller resolved shear stress factor for the breakaway stress during the damping response testing, resulting in lower damping capacities. This work is helpful for further optimizing the mechanical properties and damping capacities of WAAM-processed Mg-based alloys.

This paper deals with the global Mittag-Leffler stability (GMLS) of Caputo fractional-order fuzzy inertial neural networks with time delay (CFOFINND). Based on Lyapunov stability theory and global fractional Halanay inequalities, the existence of unique equilibrium point and GMLS of CFOFINND have been established. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.

Ultrahigh-strength Mg-9.2Gd-4.4Y-1.0Zn-0.8Mn (wt%) alloys were produced through isothermal ageing at 200 °C applied to pre-ageing-extruded bars. The remarkable thermal stability exhibited by the β and LPSO phases ensures that the recrystallization state of α-Mg grains and the morphology and distribution of secondary phases in peak-aged alloys resemble those observed in the as-extruded alloys at the micron scale. The microstructure of peak-aged alloys is characterized by bimodal α-Mg grains with a pronounced fibrous texture, with the major strengthening phases consisting of prismatic β′ and basal γ′ phases precipitated during ageing. Through solid-solution and pre-ageing treatments, the extruded alloy at peak age demonstrated the highest tensile strength, with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 555 MPa, a tensile yield strength (TYS) of 488 MPa, and an elongation of 5.8%. The considerable enhancement in tensile strength with satisfactory ductility in peak-aged alloys can be attributed to dense number distribution co-precipitation, which increases both basal and non-basal critical resolved shear stresses (CRSS) and inhibits microcrack nucleation and propagation. These findings have significant implications for the advancement of high-strength Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloys with improved mechanical properties and performance in practical applications.

An anticorrosive CaCO3/MgO coating was obtained on AZ41 Mg alloy via rapid electrochemical deposition for the application of concrete formwork. Surface characterizations were carried out to obtain the morphology and chemical composition of the coating. Afterwards, long-term anticorrosion performance was investigated via electrochemical methods in the chloride-containing Portland cement system. Results show that the electrochemical deposited coating consists of an outer CaCO3 layer and a compact inner MgO layer. Pre-immersion in the electrochemical deposition electrolyte contributed to the formation of a dense coating. The pretreatment plays an active role in the formation of an inner MgO layer, which significantly enhanced the binding between outer CaCO3 layer and Mg substrate. The electrochemical deposited CaCO3/MgO coating with pretreatment shows improved anticorrosion property than the coating without pretreatment, which could be ascribed to the formation of the dual-layer structure. Additionally, corrosion mechanism is suggested and discussed for the CaCO3/MgO coating.

An ultrahigh strain-independent damping in Mg–1Mn alloy was prepared by cold rolling process. Combined with microstructure characterization, the mechanical properties and damping capacities of Mg–1Mn alloy with different reduction were systematically investigated. By the appropriate cold rolling process, numerous parallel dislocations, stacking faults (SFs) and a few non-basal dislocations are introduced into Mg matrix. Due to the non-basal dislocations and stacking faults coexists with basal dislocations, their reaction with each other leads to the activation of more non-basal slips and increase of strain hardening rate, which simultaneously improves the strength and plasticity of Mg–1Mn alloy. On the other hand, the increase of number of moveable dislocations and SFs, acting as dissipated source, effectively improves the damping capacity. Especially, the Mg–1Mn alloy shows an ultrahigh strain-independent damping capacity, which outperforms the high-damping Mg-0.6Zr alloy. When the reduction is 20%, the alloys show a good comprehensive mechanical properties: the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the yield strength (YS) and plasticity is 206 MPa, 156 MPa and 49.8%. This work provides a new strategy for preparing high-strength, high-plasticity and high-damping magnesium alloy.

For magnesium matrix composites (MMCs), it is crucial to enhance their strength while maintaining plasticity. In this work, Ti particle (TiP) reinforced VW94 composites (TiP/VW94 composites) with varying amounts of Ti particles were prepared using a semi-solid stirring-assisted ultrasonic vibration method followed by homogenizing treatment. Microstructural analysis revealed that the addition of Ti particles resulted in grain refinement and facilitated the formation of lamellar long period stacking ordered structure (LPSO) during homogenizing treatment due to the increasing dislocation density. In addition, the jagged interfacial product of MnTi phase was generated at the interface between Ti particles and Mg matrix, and a strong interfacial bonding was formed at the Mg/Ti interface. The tensile test results show that the strength and elongation of TiP/VW94 composites all improved than VW94 matrix alloy and the 5%TiP/VW94 composite presents the best tensile properties with yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation of 173 MPa, 256 MPa and 5.9%, respectively. The improved tensile properties of TiP/VW94 composites can be attributed to grain refinement, load transfer, dispersion strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and an increase in lamellar LPSO.

BackgroundChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) based on large-scale language models, has sparked interest in the field of health care. Nonetheless, the capabilities of AI in text comprehension and generation are constrained by the quality and volume of available training data for a specific language, and the performance of AI across different languages requires further investigation. While AI harbors substantial potential in medicine, it is imperative to tackle challenges such as the formulation of clinical care standards; facilitating cultural transitions in medical education and practice; and managing ethical issues including data privacy, consent, and bias. ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate ChatGPT’s performance in processing Chinese Postgraduate Examination for Clinical Medicine questions, assess its clinical reasoning ability, investigate potential limitations with the Chinese language, and explore its potential as a valuable tool for medical professionals in the Chinese context. MethodsA data set of Chinese Postgraduate Examination for Clinical Medicine questions was used to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT’s (version 3.5) medical knowledge in the Chinese language, which has a data set of 165 medical questions that were divided into three categories: (1) common questions (n=90) assessing basic medical knowledge, (2) case analysis questions (n=45) focusing on clinical decision-making through patient case evaluations, and (3) multichoice questions (n=30) requiring the selection of multiple correct answers. First of all, we assessed whether ChatGPT could meet the stringent cutoff score defined by the government agency, which requires a performance within the top 20% of candidates. Additionally, in our evaluation of ChatGPT’s performance on both original and encoded medical questions, 3 primary indicators were used: accuracy, concordance (which validates the answer), and the frequency of insights. ResultsOur evaluation revealed that ChatGPT scored 153.5 out of 300 for original questions in Chinese, which signifies the minimum score set to ensure that at least 20% more candidates pass than the enrollment quota. However, ChatGPT had low accuracy in answering open-ended medical questions, with only 31.5% total accuracy. The accuracy for common questions, multichoice questions, and case analysis questions was 42%, 37%, and 17%, respectively. ChatGPT achieved a 90% concordance across all questions. Among correct responses, the concordance was 100%, significantly exceeding that of incorrect responses (n=57, 50%; P

Abstract Objective The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index has been shown to be a new alternative measure for insulin resistance. However, no study has attempted to investigate the association of the TyG index with incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population without known cardiovascular diseases. Methods Individuals without known cardiovascular diseases (heart failure, coronary heart disease, or stroke) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort were recruited. The baseline TyG index was calculated as the Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The association between the baseline TyG index and incident AF was examined using Cox regression. Results Of 11,851 participants, the mean age was 54.0 years; 6586 (55.6%) were female. During a median follow-up of 24.26 years, 1925 incidents of AF cases (0.78/per 100 person-years) occurred. An increased AF incidence with a graded TyG index was found by Kaplan‒Meier curves (P 9.20 levels (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03, 1.37) of the TyG index were associated with an increased risk of AF compared with the middle TyG index category (8.80–9.20). The exposure-effect analysis confirmed the U-shaped association between the TyG index and AF incidence (P = 0.041). Further sex-specific analysis showed that a U-shaped association between the TyG index and incident AF still existed in females but not in males. Conclusions A U-shaped association between the TyG index and AF incidence is observed in Americans without known cardiovascular diseases. Female sex may be a modifier in the association between the TyG index and AF incidence. Graphical Abstract

The Mg–Er–Ni alloy with comparable strength and solubility was prepared by controlling the Ni content. The mechanical properties and corrosion mechanism of alloys with long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, as well as those with both LPSO and γʹ phases, were investigated and clarified. This study focused on investigating the underlying reasons for the high mechanical strength and fast corrosion rate of the Mg–13Er–3Ni alloy with LPSO and γʹ phases. The highest corrosion rate of the Mg–13Er–3Ni (wt.%) alloy is not only associated with the high volume fraction of the LPSO phase, which provides a larger zone for the corrosion cathode rather than forming a corrosion barrier, but also linked to the introduction of the γʹ phase that forms new sites for galvanic corrosion and avoids the formation the Er2O3 corrosion product film with corrosion-resistant. Moreover, The high mechanical properties of Mg–13Er–3Ni alloy are mainly attributed to the texture strengthening, dislocation strengthening and the second phase reinforcement that were caused by high volume fraction of LPSO phase and the precipitation of lamellar γʹ phase in Mg matrix. Generally, Compared to the Mg–13Er-1.5Ni (wt.%) alloy, the corrosion rates and mechanical strength of Mg–13Er–3Ni (wt.%) alloy were increased significantly by 302.8% and 50.3%, respectively, by coupling the LPSO and γʹ phases. Its ultimate tensile strength of 445 MPa and corrosion rare of 128.5 mg cm−2 h−1, which provides a new high strength and rapid corrosion Mg alloy materials for fracturing tools application.

Different solution treatments were carried out on the semi-continuously cast Mg-9.55Gd-2.27Y-1.28Zn-0.55Zr-0.11Nd (wt.%) alloy at temperatures of 480 °C, 500 °C, and 520 °C. It was found that the different solution treatment temperatures led to different phase constitutions of the alloy. The Mg3RE-type eutectic phases transform into long period stacking order (LPSO) phases with various morphologies after solution treatment. Increasing the solution temperature resulted in larger grain size, greater number of lamellar LPSO phases, and segregation of Zr element. Block LPSO phases also shifted to rod LPSO phase. After ageing treatment, the special spatial structure consisting of prismatic β′ precipitates, basal γ′ precipitates, and lamellar LPSO phases hindered dislocation movement effectively, leading to high strength.However, the accumulation of massive dislocations promoted the premature formation of cracks at the grain boundary and LPSO/Mg matrix interface, resulting in a rapid decrease in ductility of the alloy. After solution treatment at 480 °C for 12 h and aged at 200 °C for 48 h, the Mg-9.55Gd-2.27Y-1.28Zn-0.55Zr-0.11Nd alloy exhibited favorable comprehensive mechanical properties at room temperature: ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 383 MPa, tensile yield strength (TYS) of 269 MPa, and fracture elongation (EL) of 5.1%.

Asymmetric hot rolling was used to fabricate the high-strength Mg-9Gd-4Y–1Zn-0.8Mn (wt.%) alloys, which is strengthened by the lamellar long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases inside grains and the block-shaped LPSO phases surrounding grain boundaries. The reduction in total thickness shows a significant impact on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of the alloy sheets. By keeping the velocity ratio between the top and lower rollers at 1.3, the shear strain is introduced all across the sheet thickness. The as-rolled sample exhibits a bimodal-grained structure made up of fine recrystallized (DRXed) grains with relatively random orientation and coarse elongated non-recrystallized (unDRXed) grains with intense basal texture and profuse substructure. As rolling strain increases, the volume fraction of the DRXed region and the basal texture intensity of the unDRXed region gradually increase. The dominating prismatic slip as well as the moderate basal slip and pyramidal slip are activated during rolling. The triggering of prismatic slip, among the activated multiple slip systems, results in the development of [101¯0]//RD texture component at high strains. The alloy sheet that underwent severer rolling strain (56.3%R sample) shows higher ultimate tensile strength (411 MPa) and tensile yield strength (348 MPa) but lower elongation to failure (3.5%). The dominant strengthening mechanisms for the preferable mechanical properties should be grain boundary strengthening of fine DRXed grains, texture strengthening of coarse elongated unDRXed grains, short-fiber strengthening of block-shaped LPSO phases, and dispersion strengthening of profuse lamellar LPSO phases and dense tiny Mg5(Gd, Y) particles.

Abstract Background Weight loss is a significant improvement for individuals with overweight or obesity, especially for cardiovascular patients. The driving effects of weight self-perception and attempts to lose weight are vital in weight management, yet weight misperception is a direct culprit for the undesirability of weight control and obesity prevention. This study aimed to investigate weight self-perception and misperception and weight loss attempts in Chinese adults, especially among cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular patients. Methods We collected data from China HeartRescue Global Evaluation Baseline Household Survey 2015. Questionnaires were used to assess self-reported weight and cardiovascular patients. We used kappa statistics to check the consistency between weight self-perception and BMI. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify risk factors associated with weight misperception. Results A total of 2690 participants were enrolled in the household survey, while 157 respondents were cardiovascular patients. According to questionnaire results, 43.3% of cardiovascular patients thought they were overweight and obese, while the percentage is 35.3% among non-cardiovascular patients. Kappa statistics indicated higher consistency of self-reported weight and actual weight among cardiovascular patients. Multivariate analysis showed weight misperception was significantly associated with gender, education level, and actual BMI. Lastly, 34.5% of non-cardiovascular patients and 35.0% of cardiovascular patients were trying to lose weight or keep weight. The majority of these people adopted combined strategies of controlling diet and exercise to lose or maintain weight. Conclusions Weight misperception was highly prevalent among cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular patients. Obese respondents, women, and individuals with lower education levels were more vulnerable to make weight misperception. However, no difference in the purpose of weight loss attempts was indicated among cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular patients.