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The development of steganography technology threatens the security of privacy information in smart campus. To prevent privacy disclosure, a linguistic steganalysis method based on word embedding is proposed to detect the privacy information hidden in synonyms in the texts. With the continuous Skipgram language model, each synonym and words in its context are represented as word embeddings, which aims to encode semantic meanings of words into low-dimensional dense vectors. The context fitness, which characterizes the suitability of a synonym by its semantic correlations with context words, is effectively estimated by their corresponding word embeddings and weighted by TF-IDF values of context words. By analyzing the differences of context fitness values of synonyms in the same synonym set and the differences of those in the cover and stego text, three features are extracted and fed into a support vector machine classifier for steganalysis task. The experimental results show that the proposed steganalysis improves the average F-value at least 4.8% over two baselines. In addition, the detection performance can be further improved by learning better word embeddings.

Aberrant glycosylation is not only a feature of malignant cell transformation, but also plays an important role in metastasis. In the present study, an integrated strategy combining the lectin microarrays and lectin cytochemistry was employed to investigate and verify the altered glycopatterns in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines as well as resected tumor specimens from matched tissue sets of 46 GC patients. Subsequently, lectin-mediated affinity capture glycoproteins, and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS were employed to further acquire precise structural information of the altered glycans. According to the results, the glycopatterns recognized by 10 (e.g., ACA, MAL-I, and ConA) and 3 lectins (PNA, MAL-I, and VVA) showed significantly variations in GC cells and tissue compared to their corresponding controls, respectively. Notably, the relative abundance of Galβ-1,4GlcNAc (LacNAc) recognized by MAL-I exhibited a significant increase in GC cells (p < 0.001) and tissue from patients at stage II and III (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in lymph node positive tumor cases, compared with lymph node negative tumor cases (p < 0.05). More LacNAc contained N-glycans were characterized in tumor sample with advanced stage compared to corresponding control. Moreover, there were 10 neo-LacNAc-contained N-glycans (e.g., m/z 1625.605, 1803.652, and 1914.671) only presented in GC tissue with advanced stage. Among these, six N-glycans were modified with sialic acid or fucose based on LacNAc to form sialylated N-glycans or lewis antigens, respectively. Our results revealed that the aberrant expression of LacNAc is a characteristic of GC, and LacNAc may serve as a scaffold to be further modified with sialic acid or fucose. Our findings provided useful information for us to understand the development of GC.

In this paper, we conducted a scientometric analysis based on the Night-Time Light (NTL) remote sensing related literature datasets retrieved from Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Science Citation Index in Web of Science core collection database. Using the methods of bibliometric and Social Network Analysis (SNA), we drew several conclusions: (1) NTL related studies have become a research hotspot, especially after 2011 when the second generation of NTL satellites, the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Satellite with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor was on board. In the same period, the open-access policy of the long historical dataset of the first generation satellite Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) started. (2) Most related studies are conducted by authors from USA and China, and the USA takes the lead in the field. We identified the biggest research communities constructed by co-authorships and the related important authors and topics by SNA. (3) By the visualization and analysis of the topic evolution using the co-word and co-cited reference networks, we can clearly see that: the research topics change from hardware oriented studies to more real-world applications; and from the first generation of the satellite DMSP/OLS to the second generation of satellite S-NPP. Although the Day Night Band (DNB) of the S-NPP exhibits higher spatial and radiometric resolution and better calibration conditions than the first generation DMSP/OLS, the longer historical datasets in DMSP/OLS are still important in long-term and large-scale human activity analysis. (4) In line with the intuitive knowledge, the NTL remote sensing related studies display stronger connections (such as interpretive frame, context, and academic purpose) to the social sciences than the general remote sensing discipline. The citation trajectories are visualized based on the dual-maps, thus the research preferences for combining the environmental, ecological, economic, and political science disciplines are clearly exhibited. Overall, the picture of the NTL remote sensing research is presented from the scientist-level, topic-level, and discipline-level interactions. Based on these analyses, we also discuss the possible trends in the future work, such as combining NTL studies with social science research and social media data.

Objective The objective of this systematic review was to explore the evidence regarding shared decision-making (SDM) in the management of pulmonary nodules.Design Systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.Data source Studies published in English or Chinese up to April 2022 were extracted from nine databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and SinoMed Data.Eligibility criteria Studies were eligible if patients or healthcare providers are faced with pulmonary nodule management options or the interventions or experiences were focused on the patient–healthcare provider relationship or health education to make, increase or support shared decisions. All types of studies were included, including quantitative and qualitative studies. Grey literature and literature that had not been peer reviewed were excluded. Poster abstracts and non-empirical publications such as editorials, letters, opinion papers and review articles were excluded.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts, assessed quality using Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tools, and extracted data from included studies. Thematic syntheses were used to identify prominent themes emerging from the data.Results A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, 11 of which were conducted in USA. These included six qualitative studies and six quantitative studies (including both survey and quasi-experimental designs). Three major themes with specific subthemes emerged: (1) Opportunity (uncertainty in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules, willingness to participate in decision-making); (2) Ability (patient’s lack of knowledge, physician’s experience); and (3) Different worldview (misconception, distress among patients, preference for diagnosis and treatment).Conclusions Uncertainty in the management of pulmonary nodules is the opportunity to implement SDM. Patients’ lack of knowledge, distress, and misunderstandings between healthcare providers and patients are both the main obstacles and the causes of the application of SDM.

Abstract The study aims to investigate the distress level and its influencing factors in Chinese pulmonary nodules patients. A total of 163 outpatients in a tertiary hospital in Xi'an, China, were recruited and investigated by using the Impact of Event Scale, Decision Conflict Scale, Consultation Care Measure, Lung Cancer Worry Scale and a demographic questionnaire. The logistic regression model was used to identify the factors of distress. The mean IES score was 37.35 ± 16.65, which was a moderate level. Patients aged 50–60 years, with higher decision conflicts scores, lower physician–patient communication quality score, and who are anxious about the results of future tests or treatments had higher distress score. Distress levels were moderate in patients with pulmonary nodules. Communication between medical staff and patients is extremely important for the management of pulmonary nodules, which affects the quality of the patient's decision-making and his level of distress.

Abstract Background The relationship between depressive symptoms and retirement remains controversial. Thus, we aimed to explore the effect of retirement on individuals' depressive symptoms in Chinese employees. Methods In this panel data analysis, a data set from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 was adopted with a total of 1390 employees aged ≥ 45-years-old who had complete follow-up for the four waves. Random-effects logistic regression was used to examine the associations between retirement and depressive symptoms. Results After adjusting several socio-demographic variables, retirement still increases the risk of depressive symptoms in the retirees (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.14–1.97). Through subgroup analysis, we found that people who are male, with lower education level, married, living in rural areas, suffering from chronic diseases, and those who do not participate in social activities are more likely to experience depression after retirement. Conclusions Retirement can increase the depression risk of Chinese employees. It is necessary to formulate relevant supporting policies to reduce the risk of depression.

Abstract Background The majority of lung cancer(LC) patients are diagnosed at advanced stage with a poor prognosis. However, there is still no ideal diagnostic and prognostic prediction model for lung cancer. Methods Data of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE test of patients with LC and benign lung diseases (BLDs) or healthy people from Physical Examination Center was collected. Samples were divided into three data sets as needed. Reassign three kinds of tumor markers (TMs) according to their distribution characteristics in different populations. Diagnostic and prognostic models were thus established, and independent validation was conducted with other data sets. Results The diagnostic prediction model showed good discrimination ability: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) differentiated LC from healthy people and BLDs (diagnosed within 2 months), being 0.88 and 0.84 respectively. Meanwhile, the prognostic prediction model did great in prediction: AUC in training data set and test data set were 0.85 and 0.8 respectively. Conclusion Reassigned CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE can effectively predict the diagnosis and prognosis of LC. Compared with the same TMs that were considered individually, this diagnostic prediction model can identify high-risk population for LC screening more accurately. The prognostic prediction model could be helpful in making more scientific treatment and follow-up plans for patients.

Background: Occupational chromium exposure may induce DNA damage and lead to lung cancer and other work-related diseases. DNA repair gene polymorphisms, which may alter the efficiency of DNA repair, thus may contribute to genetic susceptibility of DNA damage. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the genetic variations of 9 major DNA repair genes could modulate the hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI))-induced DNA damage. Findings: The median (P25-P75) of Olive tail moment was 0.93 (0.58-1.79) for individuals carrying GG genotype of XRCC1 Arg399Gln (G/A), 0.73 (0.46-1.35) for GA heterozygote and 0.50 (0.43-0.93) for AA genotype. Significant difference was found among the subjects with three different genotypes (P = 0.048) after adjusting the confounding factors. The median of Olive tail moment of the subjects carrying A allele (the genotypes of AA and GA) was 0.66 (0.44-1.31), which was significantly lower than that of subjects with GG genotype (P = 0.043). The A allele conferred a significantly reduced risk of DNA damage with the OR of 0.39 (95% CI: 0.15-0.99, P = 0.048). No significant association was found between the XRCC1Arg194Trp, ERCC1 C8092A, ERCC5 His1104Asp, ERCC6 Gly399Asp, GSTP1 Ile105Val, OGG1 Ser326Cys, XPC Lys939Gln, XPD Lys751Gln and DNA damage. Conclusion: The polymorphism of Arg399Gln in XRCC1 was associated with the Cr (VI)- induced DNA damage. XRCC1 Arg399Gln may serve as a genetic biomarker of susceptibility for Cr (VI)- induced DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is to identify the risk factors for postoperative delirium (PODE) in patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD) for the treatment of primary cranial nerve disorders. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 912 patients (354 men, 558 women) with primary cranial nerve disorders (trigeminal neuralgia, 602 patients; hemifacial spasm, 296 patients; glossopharyngeal neuralgia, 14 patients) who underwent MVD in the Neurosurgery Department of Lanzhou University Second Hospital between July 2007 and June 2018. Potential risk factors for PODE were identified using univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis.Of the 912 patients, 221 (24.2%) patients developed PODE. Patients with PODE were significantly older and significantly more likely to be male than patients without PODE. A history of hypertension, preoperative carbamazepine therapy, and postoperative sleep disturbance and tension pneumocephalus were independently associated with PODE. Variables such as body-mass index, smoking and drinking habits, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, mean operative time, affected vessel, mean blood loss, postoperative intensive care unit stay, postoperative fever (>38°C), and routine laboratory results were not associated with PODE in our patients.PODE is a common complication after MVD, and is associated with multiple risk factors, including old age, male sex, hypertension, preoperative carbamazepine use, postoperative sleep disturbance, and tension pneumocephalus.