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The era of bioeconomy has ushered in a new wave of technological and industrial revolution for mankind. The strategic deployment for the bioindustry in China has achieved remarkable results. However, there are still problems such as unbalanced regional development in the process of bioindustry development. In order to comprehensively assess the current situation of the competitiveness of the bioindustry in various regions of China, the assessment indicator system of the overall competitiveness of the bioindustry is constructed from the perspective of the four sub-industries of biomedicine, bioenergy, bioagriculture and bio-based industry. The weight of each assessment indicator is determined by the analytic hierarchy process. According to geographical administrative division and regional economic relations, an empirical analysis of the comprehensive competitiveness score of the bioindustry in seven regions of China is carried out. The assessment results show that the competition of bioindustry in various regions of China presents a gradient distribution in space. In view of this, relevant policy recommendations are put forward from four aspects: (1) implementing the strategy of rural revitalization, (2) implementing the strategy of regional coordinated development, (3) deepening the supply-side structural reform for the bioindustry, and (4) establishing regional unified information collaboration network system.生物经济时代开启了人类新一波技术产业革命，我国针对生物产业作出的战略部署已经取得了明显成效，但在生物产业发展过程中仍存在区域发展不平衡等问题。为综合评价我国各区域生物产业竞争力现状，文中从生物医药、生物能源、生物农业和生物工业4 个细分产业角度构建了生物产业整体竞争力评价指标体系，通过层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重，并通过实证分析计算了我国不同地区生物产业的综合竞争力指数。评价结果表明，我国各区域生物产业竞争在空间上呈现梯度分布现象。针对此，文中从实施乡村振兴战略、推进区域协调发展战略、深化生物产业供给侧结构性改革和建立区域统一的信息协作网络体系4 个角度提出了相关政策建议。.

The advent of the bioeconomy era is triggers a new wave of technology and industrial revolution. Bioeconomy has become the commanding heights that major developed countries and emerging economies try to seize. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of global bioindustry development from four perspectives: biomedical industry, genetically modified crop planting industry, bioenergy industry, and bio-based chemical industry. Then it summarizes the main characteristics of the development of the global bioindustry, and further put forward policy recommendations for the bottleneck problems in the development of China's bioindustry, which can guide the future development of China's bioeconomy.生物经济时代正在引发人类新一波技术和产业革命，并已成为了全球主要发达国家和新兴经济体抢占的制高点。文中从生物医药产业、转基因作物种植产业、生物能源产业以及生物基化学品产业4 个角度分析了全球生物产业发展的时空特征，概括总结了全球生物产业发展的主要特点，并进一步针对我国生物产业发展中存在的瓶颈问题提出政策建议，对我国生物经济的未来发展具有指导意义。.

Highly specific and sensitive detection of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in water is of great significance for drinking water safety and epidemic control. In this work, a hybrid nanobiosensor for HAV detection was established based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between quantum dots (QDs) as a donor and Cy5 as an acceptor. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the chemical and physical structures of the hybrid biosensor. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of target DNA (tDNA) was 1.3 × 10−11 mol L−1 (S/N = 3), with a linear range of 2 × 10−10 mol L−1 to 5 × 10−8 mol L−1. In addition, it showed excellent selectivity in the presence of various interfering species. The results show the applicability of the biosensor for monitoring HAV in environmental and food samples.

Cancer immunotherapy using cancer vaccines has shown great potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Here, we report an implantable autologous blood clot scaffold for enhanced cancer vaccination. It comprises a gel-like fibrin network formed by coagulation of blood to trap a large number of red blood cells. Upon implantation, the cross-linked RBCs in the blood clot can attract and recruit a great number of immune cells, leading to the formation of an “immune niche.” Encapsulated with tumor-associated antigen and adjuvant, the blood clot vaccine (BCV) can induce a robust anticancer immune response. The BCV combined with immune checkpoint blockade effectively inhibits tumor growth in B16F10 and 4T1 tumor models. The proposed implantable blood clot cancer vaccine can be readily made by mixing the blood from patients with cancer with immunomodulating agents ex vivo, followed by reimplantation into the same patient for personalized cancer immunotherapy in future clinical translation.

Conversion-type materials are an appealing alternative to conventional intercalation compounds as cathode materials for sodium ion batteries, due to their high capacities. In this paper, we report for the first time that carbon-coated copper phosphate (Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /C) can be used as a novel high-capacity cathode for rechargeable Na batteries. Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /C shows a reversible capacity up to 290 mA h g −1 at a current of 20 mA g −1 and 190 mA h g −1 at 400 mA g −1 , with capacity retention of 210 and 160 mA h g −1 respectively after 30 cycles. The detailed sodium storage mechanisms were studied by employing ex -situ XRD, HR-TEM, solid-state NMR and XAFS techniques. The results clearly indicate that Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 can transform into Na 3 PO 4 and Cu particles after discharge. Furthermore, Cu can react with Na 3 PO 4 to form copper phosphate and Na x Cu y PO 4 in the charge process, determining the rechargeability of Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .

In the search for new cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries, conversion-type materials have great potential because of their ability to achieve high specific capacities via the full utilization of transition metal oxidation states. Here, we report for the first time that copper phosphate can be used as a novel high-capacity cathode for rechargeable Li batteries, capable of delivering a reversible capacity of 360 mAh/g with two discharge plateaus of 2.7 and 2.1 V at 400 mA/g. The underlying reaction involves the formation as well as the oxidation of metallic Cu. The solid-state NMR, in situ XAFS, HR-TEM, and XRD results clearly indicate that Cu can react with Li3PO4 to form copper phosphate and LixCuyPO4 during the charging process, largely determining the reversibility of Cu3(PO4)2. This new reaction scheme provides a new venue to explore polyanion-type compounds as high-capacity cathode materials with conversion reaction processes.

The electrochemical mechanism of the cathode material Li2FeSiO4 with reversible extraction/insertion of more than one Li+ from/into the structure has been studied by techniques of in situ synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These advanced techniques provide effective solutions to address the limitations of characterization by traditional ex situ methods. The study of in situ Fe K-edge XANES indicates that the Fe ion in the Li2FeSiO4 is oxidized continuously to high valence during the charging process from open circuit potential to 4.8 V, which contributes to the high reversible capacities of the materials. In situ XRD and theoretical study from first-principles calculations have been employed to reveal the structural evolution of the Li2FeSiO4 underlying the high capacity during the charge/discharge process. The results of both experimental and theoretical studies are consistent and indicate that Li2FeSiO4 undergoes two two-phase reactions when the electro...

The Ground Temperature module (TG) of the current INCA only used the observations from stations in Austria. In this paper, the combinations of stations and satellite observations from 4th to 26th December 2011 are used in the TG module, and its results are analyzed. The retrievals from satellite can be used as the complement of observations under specific surface conditions, and which kinds of conditions are feasible to retrieve LST products from satellite have to be explored. There are lower errors for satellite in the areas of less than 500m, and higher errors in the areas from 500m to 1000m. The satellite retrievals are lower than the values from stations, maybe it exist systematic errors in the algorithm of satellite. INCA is a relatively young system still under development. The further improvements and refinements will be added in a step by-step process in the future.

A strategy is proposed and developed to promote Li+ diffusion in polyanion cathode materials such as 0.8Li2FeSiO4/0.4Li2SiO3/C with the incorporation of Li2SiO3 as a lithium ionic conductive matrix. It is shown that the presence of Li2SiO3 separates the Li2FeSiO4 particles into small domains of a few nanometres and provides a fast Li+ diffusion channel, thus effectively enhancing Li+ diffusion in the 0.8Li2FeSiO4/0.4Li2SiO3/C composite. As a result, the composite material shows enhanced electrochemical performance and delivers a capacity as high as 240 mA h g−1 (corresponding to 1.44 electrons exchange per active Li2FeSiO4 formula unit) with good cyclic stability at 30 °C. The XRD and FTIR results indicate that the Li2SiO3 component exists in an amorphous phase. SEM and TEM analyses show an aggregate structure consisting of primary nanocrystallites (about tens of nanometres in diameter). The primary particles consist of a crystal Li2FeSiO4 phase and an amorphous Li2SiO3 and C, and a nanocrystalline Li2FeSiO4 surrounded by amorphous Li2SiO3 and C which are well known as a lithium ion conductor and electron conductor. The smaller nanoparticles of Li2FeSiO4 and the presence of lithium ionic and electronic conducting amorphous Li2SiO3 and carbon matrix both contributed to the enhanced electrochemical performance of the composite.

A Li2FeSiO4/C composite material has been prepared via a solution-polymerization approach. The composite is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The electrochemical performance of the Li2FeSiO4 is greatly enhanced and the initial discharge capacity is ∼220 mA h g−1, when it is cycled between 1.5–4.8 V. This indicates that more than one lithium ion can be extracted out of the Li2FeSiO4 lattice. At high current densities, the Li2FeSiO4/C also exhibits excellent rate capability and cycling stability. This indicates that it is a very promising cathode material for next generation lithium-ion batteries.

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