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Introduction Currently, female wrestling has become one of the potential advantages in the Olympic Games, which has also allowed the sport to receive more attention. Physiological monitoring in intense physical training in female wrestlers is still little explored despite its importance in training conduction. Objective Explore special intensity physical training effects on female wrestlers through physiological monitoring. Methods Literature search, expert interview, and an experimental method conducted a situation analysis on 2-month training for 8 female wrestling team athletes, specific contents also included: analysis of female wrestlers’ body composition, changes in serum testosterone levels, and variations in cortisol levels. Results During the two-month training period, the various athletes’ physiological indicators underwent noticeable changes, remaining at the top of the normal range. Most of the athletes could adapt to the training load and intensity in this phase. Serum testosterone, cortisol, and hemoglobin levels in early athletes increased significantly. However, as training progresses, all indicators decrease, showing that the adaptability of the athlete’s body is consolidated. The hemoglobin content increased in most of the athletes, showing that the athlete’s own intensity of physical training was high. Conclusion The above physiological indicators can reflect the physical function of the athletes, providing a theoretical basis for coaches to develop evidence-based training plans. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result. RESUMO Introdução Atualmente, a luta livre feminina tornou-se uma das vantagens potenciais dos Jogos Olímpicos, o que também permitiu que o esporte recebesse maior atenção. O monitoramento fisiológico no treino físico de intensidade em lutadoras femininas ainda é pouco explorado apesar da sua importância na condução do treinamento. Objetivo Explora os efeitos do treinamento físico especial para a intensidade em lutadoras femininas através de monitoramento fisiológico. Métodos Pesquisa literária, entrevista com especialistas e o método experimental levaram a uma análise da situação sobre o treinamento de 2 meses para 8 atletas da equipe de luta livre feminina, os conteúdos específicos incluíram: análise da composição corporal das lutadoras, alterações nos níveis séricos de testosterona e variações nos níveis de cortisol. Resultados Durante o período de dois meses de treinamento, os vários indicadores fisiológicos das atletas sofreram alterações perceptíveis, permanecendo no limite alto da faixa normal. A maioria das atletas pode se adaptar à carga e intensidade do treinamento nesta fase. Os níveis de testosterona sérica, cortisol e hemoglobina nas atletas precoces aumentaram significativamente. Porém, à medida que o treinamento progride, todos os indicadores diminuem, mostrando que a adaptabilidade do corpo da atleta é consolidada. O conteúdo de hemoglobina aumentou na maioria das atletas, mostrando que o treino físico de intensidade da própria atleta foi elevado. Conclusão Os indicadores fisiológicos acima podem refletir a função física das atletas, fornecendo uma base teórica para que os treinadores possam desenvolver planos de treinamento baseados em evidências. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados. RESUMEN Introducción En la actualidad, la lucha femenina se ha convertido en una de las ventajas potenciales de los Juegos Olímpicos, lo que también ha permitido que este deporte reciba más atención. El seguimiento fisiológico en el entrenamiento físico de intensidad en las luchadoras es todavía poco explorado a pesar de su importancia en la conducción del entrenamiento. Objetivo Explorar los efectos del entrenamiento físico especial para la intensidad en las luchadoras a través de la monitorización fisiológica. Métodos La investigación bibliográfica, la entrevista a expertos y el método experimental condujeron a un análisis de situación sobre 2 meses de entrenamiento de 8 atletas del equipo femenino de lucha, los contenidos específicos incluían: análisis de la composición corporal de las luchadoras, cambios en los niveles séricos de testosterona y variaciones en los niveles de cortisol. Resultados Durante los dos meses de entrenamiento, los diversos indicadores fisiológicos de los atletas sufrieron cambios notables, manteniéndose en el extremo superior del rango normal. La mayoría de los atletas pudieron adaptarse a la carga e intensidad del entrenamiento en esta fase. Los niveles de testosterona, cortisol y hemoglobina en suero de los primeros atletas aumentaron significativamente. Sin embargo, a medida que el entrenamiento avanza, todos los indicadores disminuyen, lo que demuestra que la adaptabilidad del cuerpo del atleta se consolida. El contenido de hemoglobina aumentó en la mayoría de los atletas, lo que demuestra que el entrenamiento físico de intensidad propia fue alto. Conclusión Los indicadores fisiológicos anteriores pueden reflejar la función física de los atletas, proporcionando una base teórica para que los entrenadores desarrollen planes de entrenamiento basados en pruebas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding sequences that can regulate the expression of target genes. Erythrocytes, also called red blood cells (RBCs), are the largest proportion of cells in blood. Erythrocytes deliver oxygen in the body of vertebrates and contribute to the body's immune function. Illumina sequencing technology was used to analyze pooled RNA samples isolated from erythrocytes, in order to characterize their gene expression profile and increase the range of miRNAs identified in Nile tilapia erythrocytes. This study identified conserved (n = 309) and novel (n = 194) miRNAs. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing results indicated that miR-451 was the most abundant in RBCs, followed by let-7a-1, miR-2188 and miR-144. Moreover, the tissue expression mode of these highly expressed miRNAs was characterized. Results show that miR-451, miR-2188, and miR-144 were all highly expressed in RBCs but were low abundance in other tissues. miR-1 and miR-10b were also abundantly expressed in muscle, while miR-122 was abundantly expressed in the liver. let-7a-1, miR-10b, and miR-1 were significantly higher in the testis than in the ovary. The tissue distribution of miRNAs implies that these noncoding sequences have a potential role in regulating tissue differentiation or maintaining tissue characteristics. The results of a dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-144 and miR-10b inhibited the expression of the meningioma expressed antigen 5 gene in vitro. This study contributes to the Nile tilapia miRNA database and reveals the profile of erythrocyte miRNA expression.

The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) DNA methyltransferase gene 1 (dnmt1) was highly expressed in the mesonephros, head kidney and gonad, whereas dnmt2 was expressed in most tissues. dnmt3a was highly expressed in the brain and spleen, but dnmt3b was mainly expressed in the brain and head kidney. The genes dnmt1 and dnmt2 were highly expressed in the early stages of embryonic development, and dnmt3a and dnmt3b were expressed later. These genes also showed certain changes after artificial diet acclimation, salinity adaptation and immune stress.

Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix), collectively called bigheaded carps, are cyprinids native mainly to China and have been introduced to over 70 countries. Paleontological and molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrate bighead and silver carps originated from the Yangtze‐Huanghe River basins and modern populations may have derived from the secondary contact of geographically isolated fish during the last glacial events. Significant genetic differences are found among populations of native rivers (Yangtze, Pearl, and Amur) as well as introduced/invasive environments (Mississippi R., USA and Danube R., Hungary), suggesting genetic backgrounds and ecological selection may play a role in population differentiation. Population divergence of bighead carp or silver carp has occurred within their native rivers, whereas, within the Mississippi River Basin (MRB)—an introduced region, such genetic differentiation is likely taking place at least in silver carp. Interspecific hybridization between silver and bighead carps is rare within their native regions; however, extensive hybridization is observed in the MRB, which could be contributed by a shift to a more homogenous environment that lacks reproductive isolation barriers for the restriction of gene flow between species. The wild populations of native bighead and silver carps have experienced dramatic declines; in contrast, the introduced bigheaded carps overpopulate the MRB and are considered two invasive species, which strongly suggests fishing capacity (overfishing and underfishing) be a decisive factor for fishery resource exploitation and management. This review provides not only a global perspective of evolutionary history and population divergence of bigheaded carps but also a forum that calls for international research collaborations to deal with critical issues related to native population conservation and invasive species control.

Researchers in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration have never stopped pursuing magnetic refrigerants with lower ordering temperatures and larger magnetocaloric effects. Rare earth borates have been found to be potential cryogenic magnetocaloric materials due to their low phase transition temperatures and considerable magnetic entropy changes. Here, two rare earth borates RE8.66(BO3)2(B2O5)O8 ( RE = Er, Tm) were successfully fabricated, and the crystallographic and magnetic parameters as well as cryogenic magnetocaloric effects were systematically evaluated. The compounds are deemed to crystalize in a monoclinic structure belonging to space group C2/m. They are both second-order phase transition materials without any long-range order above 2 K. These monoclinic rare earth borates, especially for Er8.66(BO3)2(B2O5)O8, show more considerable low-field magnetocaloric effects than rare earth orthoborates. For Δ H = 1 and 2 T, the values of −Δ[Formula: see text] are 5.1 and 11.2 J/(kg K) for Er8.66(BO3)2(B2O5)O8, 3.0 and 5.3 J/(kg K) for Tm8.66(BO3)2(B2O5)O8, respectively. Therefore, they are regarded as potential candidates for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.

A 7-month-old child weighing only 7kg came to our hospital due to patent ductus arteriosus. Considering the child’s young age and low weight, we adopted Da Vinci robot-assisted ligation of patent ductus arteriosus. The Da Vinci robot surgery system could provide three-dimensional visual effects and flexible wrist mechanical devices, which make the operation space in the narrow chest cavity of the child more space, more detailed anatomy, easier operation and reduce the risk of damage to surrounding tissues and organs.

The big-eye mandarin fish (Siniperca knerii) is an endemic species of southern China. It belongs to the family Sinipercidae, which is closely related to the well-known North American sunfish family Centrarchidae. Determining the genome sequence of S. knerii would provide a foundation for better examining its genetic diversity and population history. A novel sequenced genome of the Sinipercidae also would help in comparative study of the Centrarchidae using Siniperca as a reference. Here, we determined the genome sequence of S. knerii using 10x Genomics technology and next-generation sequencing. Paired-end sequencing on a half lane of HiSeq X platform generated 56 Gbp of raw data. Read assembly using Supernova assembler resulted in two haplotype genomes with 732.1 Mb in size and an average GC content of 40.4%, which is consistent with genome size previously reported or estimated using k-mer counting. A total of 7,989 scaffolds with an N50 score of 12.64 Mb were obtained. The longest scaffold was 30.54 Mb. Evaluation of the genome completeness using BUSCO confirmed that 96.5% genes of the Actinopterygii Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs were found in the assembled genome of S. knerii. Gene prediction using Maker annotation kit resulted in 28,440 genes, of which 25,899 genes had at least one hit comparing to the NCBI Nr database, KEGG or InterProScan5. Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analysis of the genome showed that there was a bottleneck event of the population of S. knerii between 70 ka – 20 ka, which was concordant with the Tali glacier period, suggesting a population decline of S. knerii probably due to climate conditions.

The BiFeO3/YBCO heterostructures were fabricated on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The superconducting transition temperature of YBCO was found to decline with increasing the c-axis parameter. The microstructure and dislocations in BiFeO3/YBCO heterostructure were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proving the epitaxial growth of BiFeO3/YBCO heterostructures on SrTiO3. The edge dislocation with a Burgers vector [100] was observed in BiFeO3, which contributed to the relaxation of BiFeO3. The results of magnetization hysteresis cycles indicated that the saturation magnetization increased from 14 emu/cm3 of BiFeO3/SrTiO3 to 42 emu/cm3 of BiFeO3/YBCO/SrTiO3. The second phase Fe2O3 on the surface of BiFeO3 was found to be α-Fe2O3 with weak magnetization at room temperature. Therefore, the increased magnetization could be accounted for by the induced ferromagnetism at the interface of BiFeO3/YBCO.

Phase change composite materials (PCCMs) with large latent heat capacity, a stable structure, and efficient thermal response have high potential for thermal management in various applications. Herein, novel reduced graphene oxide aerogel beads (rGOABs) are synthesized by wet spinning of GO slurry followed by thermal reduction, which are infiltrated with 1-tetradecanol (TD) paraffin as phase change materials (PCMs) to produce rGOAB/TD composites. An exceptionally high mass fraction, 98.8%, of paraffin TD encapsulated in the rGOABs is achieved in this study, which is known to be the highest among studies ever reported. It is demonstrated that the rGOAB/TD composite possesses a high latent heat value of 230.3 J g–1 and maintains 96.6% efficiency after 50 heating–cooling cycles, making the composite PCM suitable for emerging thermal management applications. The thermal responsive tests of various samples indicate better thermal response of rGOAB/TD than GOAB/TD without thermal reduction or the expanded graphi...

The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) DNA methyltransferase gene 1 (dnmt1) was highly expressed in the mesonephros, head kidney and gonad, whereas dnmt2 was expressed in most tissues. dnmt3a was highly expressed in the brain and spleen, but dnmt3b was mainly expressed in the brain and head kidney. The genes dnmt1 and dnmt2 were highly expressed in the early stages of embryonic development, and dnmt3a and dnmt3b were expressed later. These genes also showed certain changes after artificial diet acclimation, salinity adaptation and immune stress.

The kisspeptin system, which lies upstream of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, is believed to function as a regulator of reproduction in teleosts. In this study, we isolated and characterized kiss2 and its receptor kissr2 in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The complete coding sequences of kiss2 and kissr2 were 375 and 1134 bp long and encoded precursor proteins 124 and 377 amino acid long, respectively. Real-time PCR showed that kiss2 and kissr2 were primarily expressed in the HPG axis. The expression profile of kiss2 and kissr2 varied with gonadal development, with the highest and lowest expression levels being detected during the immature and final maturation stages, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection of exogenous Kiss2-10 peptide increased the transcript levels of gnrh3, kissr2, fshβ, lhβ, ar, and er2 within 24 h (p 0.05), as well as plasma levels of 17β-estradiol and testosterone. Histological analysis indicated that chronic administration of exogenous Kiss2-10 peptide accelerated vitellogenesis in females and spermatogenesis in males. Further, in situ hybridization revealed that kiss2 is expressed in the ooplasm and vitelline envelope of oocytes and the spermatocytes of testes. In addition, experiments using gonad tissue primary cell cultures indicated that exogenous Kiss2-10 peptide stimulates the expression of reproduction-related genes. Collectively, our findings indicate that the kiss2/kissr2 system in largemouth bass is involved in regulating gonadal development through the HPG axis.

Oreochromis niloticus RAS-association domain family 4 (rassf4) was specifically expressed in the ovaries. Immunohistochemistry results showed that Rassf4 was located in follicular cells. The methylation percentages of the promoter region (-734/-1012) of rassf4 in the ovaries and testes were 13.28% and 92.85%, respectively. Deleting the fragment of -734 to -1012 sites significantly reduced the basal activity of the rassf4 promoter to 62.33%, which indicated that this region was important for the transcription of the rassf4 gene. This study lays the foundation for further research on the function of fish rassf4.

Hall-effect in semiconductors has wide applications for magnetic field sensing. Yet, a standard Hall sensor retains two problems: its linearity is affected by the non-uniformity of the current distribution; the sensitivity is bias-dependent, with linearity decreasing with increasing bias current. In order to improve the performance, we here propose a novel structure which realizes bias-free, photo-induced Hall sensors. The system consists of a semi-transparent metal Pt and a semiconductor Si or GaAs to form a Schottky contact. We systematically compared the photo-induced Schottky behaviors and Hall effects without net current flowing, depending on various magnetic fields, light intensities and wavelengths of Pt/GaAs and Pt/Si junctions. The electrical characteristics of the Schottky photo-diodes were fitted to obtain the barrier height as a function of light intensity. We show that the open-circuit Hall voltage of Pt/GaAs junction is orders of magnitude lower than that of Pt/Si, and the barrier height of GaAs is smaller. It should be attributed to the surface states in GaAs which block the carrier drifting. This work not only realizes the physical investigations of photo-induced Hall effects in Pt/GaAs and Pt/Si Schottky junctions, but also opens a new pathway for bias-free magnetic sensing with high linearity and sensitivity comparing to commercial Hall-sensors.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are major intrinsic proteins that form pores in the membranes of biological cells. We first cloned the full-length sequences of aqp0, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 genes in Siniperca chuatsi. The 10 S. chuatsi aqp (Sc-aqp) genes included complete open reading frames and exhibited different exon-intron organizations. Sc-aqp1, 3, 8, 9, 10, and 11 were mostly expressed in the gallbladder, gills, gastric cecum, liver, ovaries, and spleen, respectively; Sc-aqp0 and 4 were mostly expressed in larvae at 1 day after hatching and in gastrula; Sc-aqp7 and 12 were mostly expressed in 2K-cell embryos. The expression levels of Sc-aqp1, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10 after 10 part per thousand (ppt) salt treatment had significantly changed compared with those after 0 ppt salt treatment. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis further showed that in the intestines, the mRNA levels of Sc-aqp1 and 10 significantly decreased by approximately 2.07- and 2.85-fold, respectively, whereas those of Sc-aqp8 and 9 significantly increased by approximately 7.08- and 4.14-fold, respectively. Sc-aqp1, 8, 9, and 10 showed no significant differences in the gills. Sc-aqp3 significantly decreased by approximately 1.51- and 1.67-fold in the gills and intestines, respectively. Sc-aqp7 significantly increased by approximately 4.18- and 7.04-fold in the gills and intestines, respectively. This study was the first to investigate the tissue expression profiles and response to salt stress of aqp genes in S. chuatsi. Moreover, altering diet and suffering from immune stress could cause changes in the expression level of aqps. This study provided valuable reference information for AQPs' roles in osmoregulation in freshwater fish.

We report an ultraviolet (UV) electroluminescence (EL) in n-SnO2/p-ZnO heterojunction light-emitting diodes with the nanostructural SnO2 as an n-type layer and the Li-doped ZnO (ZnO:Li) synthesized by high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) method as a high hole concentration p-type layer. Two kinds of SnO2 nanostructures including nanobelts (NBs) and nanowires (NWs) were used to fabricate n-type layers in the heterojunctions. The two heterojunctions with different SnO2 nanostructures demonstrate different light-emission feature in EL measurements. The SnO2 NBs/p-ZnO heterojunction shows a blue emission band centered at 416 nm under forward-bias voltage. A strong UV emission peak located at 391 nm was observed for the SnO2 NWs/p-ZnO heterojunction. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicate that the difference in EL is attributed to morphology-dependent light-emission feature in nanostructural SnO2 layer. Our results suggest that the nanostructural SnO2/ZnO:Li heterojunction is a potential and promising system in the UV optoelectronic field.

Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is an important economic fish in China. Viral and bacterial diseases seriously affect the artificial culture of S. chuatsi. As a carnivorous fish, artificial feed domestication is also an important means to improve the scale of S. chuatsi culture. Therefore, the study of immunology and digestive physiology is very important to the industrial development of S. chuatsi. In this work, we analyzed the expression and function of the S. chuatsi leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (Sc-lect2) gene on a basis of next generation, single-molecule long-read sequencing. Sc-lect2 was mainly expressed in the liver but barely expressed in the gill, skin, muscle, kidney, head kidney, brain, stomach, and intestine. When the fish were infected with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus and challenged with lipopolysaccharide and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, Sc-lect2 expression significantly increased by about 40, 17, and 7-fold, respectively, compared with unstimulated samples. We also found that Sc-lect2 increases by approximately 8-fold after the fish are fed an artificial diet. These results show that mandarin fish liver can not only digest food but also express specific immune genes. Changes in the diet can cause the differential expression of Sc-lect2 genes. Four Sc-lect2 interaction genes were differentially expressed in the skin or blood. Interestingly, miR-145-3p could inhibit Sc-lect2 gene expression by targeting its coding sequence region. One CpG island in the promoter region showed a high level of methylation, suggesting that high methylation does not affect Sc-lect2 gene expression in the liver.

Most of the closely related fish species are similar in appearance, with slight differences. This study evaluated 35 morphological characteristic parameters and the number, shape, and spatial location of bones in the skull and vertebrae of the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi and big-eye mandarin fish Siniperca kneri. We can understand their ecological adaptability, compare their morphological and skeletal differences, and elucidate the relationship between their phenotypic trait differences and skeletal characteristics. The results were as follows: 1. The Student's t-test results revealed significant differences between S. chuatsi and S. kneri in terms of head depth, head back length, snout length, interorbital distance, distance of the eyes from the oral fissure, and width between the posterior trunk and base of the caudal fin. Principal component and discriminant analysis showed that the main morphological differences between S. chuatsi and S. kneri were in the eye position, head hump and body shape. 2. There was no significant difference in the number and shape of the skull and vertebrae between S. chuatsi and S. kneri, but they differed in spatial position. The terminus of the maxilla in S. chuatsi is located at the lower border of the postorbital bone, but at the anterior in S. kneri. The size of head hump is closely related to the spatial location of the splanchnocranium in S. chuatsi and S. kneri. The angles between the caudal vertebrae centrum and each of the following: the neural arch and spine; haemal arch and spine of S. chuatsi are larger than those of S. kneri. In conclusion, the morphological differences between S. chuatsi and S. kneri are closely related to the spatial position of skeleton. These phenotypic differences reflect the ecological adaptation of mandarin fish to different natural environments.

Graphene aerogel has attracted great attention due to its unique properties in solar vapor generation for water purification and desalination. However, many challenges remain in promoting their development and practical application, such as scalable fabrication and facile use in a large area of water. Herein, we report a simple self-assembly approach to prepare onion-like graphene aerogel beads on a millimeter scale. The floatable, low-density graphene aerogel beads are used to promote water evaporation under non-concentrated illumination for the first time. MoS2 microflakes with a strong light absorption capability in the visible and near-infrared regions are incorporated to form hybrid beads with a much enhanced water evaporation performance. A record steam generation efficiency of 74% is obtained under illumination of only 0.5 kW m−2 with a single layer of hybrid beads, corresponding to a remarkable evaporation rate of 0.54 kg m−2 h−1. When scaled up to a 0.05 m2 active area in a home-made solar water still for use in an outdoor environment, the hybrid beads are easily dispersed on the water surface by self-spreading action. Their freshwater generation rate is about 2.0 L m−2 day−1 on a typical spring day in Hong Kong, which is sufficient to satisfy the daily drinking needs of a person. By simultaneously addressing both the requirements of high-efficiency operation and facile fabrication, the graphene aerogel beads developed in this study may offer a viable solution for drinking water problems in water-stressed regions.

Skewed sex development is prevalent in fish hybrids. However, the histological observation and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we showed that the interspecific hybrids of the two fish species,Oreochromis niloticusandOreochromis aureus, had a male ratio of 98.02%. Microscopic examination revealed that the gonads of both male and female hybrids were developmentally retarded. Compared with the ovaries, the testes of bothO. niloticusand hybrids showed higher DNA methylation level in two selected regions in the promoter ofcyp19a, the gonadal aromatase gene that converts androgens into estrogens,cyp19ashowed higher level gene expression in the ovary than in the testis in bothO. niloticusand hybrid tilapia. Methylation and gene expression level ofcyp19awere negative correlation between the testis and ovary. Gene transcription was suppressed by the methylation of thecyp19apromoter in vitro. While there is no obvious difference of the methylation level in testis or ovary betweenO. niloticusand hybrids. Thus, the DNA methylation of the promoter ofcyp19amay be an essential component of the sex maintenance, but not a determinant of high male ratio and developmental retardation of gonads in tilapia hybrids.

Self-assembly strategies have been widely used to prepare aerogels from nanoparticles. It is challenging to assemble those nanoparticles whose surface is lack of abundant polar functional groups into aerogels, as the weak interface interactions among nanoparticles are not enough to maintain aerogel structures. Here we demonstrate a liquid extrusion strategy as a possible solution to this challenge, by using a small amount of large-sized graphene oxide and liquid extrusion devices. Large-sized graphene oxide sheets cover, wrap and assemble nanoparticles, and thus promote the assembly of nanoparticles. Extrusion devices are employed to control the shape and size of aerogels. Based on this strategy, a variety of nanoparticle, such as clay nanosheets, boron nitride nanosheets and carbon nanotubes, have been assembled into aerogels with designed shape and size even when there are few polar functional groups on nanoparticle surface. Detailed studies on clay aerogels show that the aerogels have porous structure and high performance, which can be proposed for applications in thermal insulation, fire retardation and absorption, etc. This liquid extrusion strategy can be thought of as effective, general and scalable approach to produce nanoparticle aerogels, particularly for those nanoparticles whose surface is lack of polar functional groups.

This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with palm oil (PO) on enzyme activities and mRNA expression of lipid transport genes and signalling factors in juvenile Nile tilapia. Nile tilapia (9.34 ± 0.14 g) was fed five experimental diets with FO supplemented with PO at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Liver was sampled from five fish per tank for analysis of fatty acids, enzyme activities and mRNA expression. Glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was highly expressed in groups fed higher levels of dietary PO, whilst liver X receptor (LXR) was highly expressed in groups fed lower levels of dietary PO. Groups fed 50% PO, 75% PO and 100% PO had significantly higher levels of G6PD mRNA expression whilst group fed 100% PO had significantly higher level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression. Groups fed 75% PO and 100% PO recorded higher levels of PPAR‐α mRNA expression whilst higher level of malic enzyme mRNA expression was observed in group fed 75% PO. The mRNA expressions of the above stated genes and enzymes activities are predominantly influenced by dietary n‐3 PUFA and n‐6 PUFA levels. Dietary PO inclusion affected enzyme activities of LXR, PPAR‐α,PPAR‐β, LPL and FABP‐3. Activities of PPAR‐α, PPAR‐β and FABP‐3 were increased by PO inclusion whilst LXR and ELOVL 5 were reduced by PO inclusion. In conclusion, it could be inferred that substituting FO with PO could alter the metabolism pathway of genes such as LXR, G6PD, PPAR‐α, LPL and ME that are involved in the transport of fatty acids.