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Introduction Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a disabling complication of diabetes mellitus. Here, we attempted to assess whether long-term intrafemoral artery infusion of low-dose urokinase therapy improved DFUs and decreased cardiovascular events in patients with DFUs.Research design and methods This trial was a single-center, randomized, parallel study. A total of 195 patients with DFU were randomized to continuous intrafemoral thrombolysis or conventional therapy groups. The continuous intrafemoral thrombolysis group received continuous intrafemoral urokinase injection for 7 days, and conventional therapy just received wound debridement and dressing change. Then, a follow-up of average 6.5 years was performed.Results Compared with conventional therapy, at the first 1 month of intervention stage, the ulcers achieved a significant improvement in continuous intrafemoral thrombolysis group including a complete closure (72.4% vs 17.5%), an improved ulcer (27.6% vs 25.8%), unchanged or impaired ulcer (0% vs 56.7%). During the 6.5-year follow-up, for the primary outcome of ulcer closure rate, continuous intrafemoral thrombolysis therapy obtained a better complete healing rate (HR 3.42 (95% CI 2.35 to 4.98, p

Background More than half of the patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer exhibit no or minor response to nCRT. It is important to investigate the predictive and prognostic values of potential biomarkers in patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer receiving nCRT. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 162 patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer who underwent nCRT, followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) between 2016 and 2019. Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) expression and mismatch repair (MMR) status were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox methods. Results There were predominance significant differences in distance from anus margin ( P < .0001) and circumferential extent of the tumor ( P < .0001).CK7 positive expression was detected in 21 of the 162 patients (13%). The univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that patients whose tumors had CK7 positive expression had significantly shorter OS (HR = 3.878, P = .038; HR = 1.677 , P = .035) and DFS (HR = 3.055, P = .027;HR = 3.569 , P = .038) than those with CK7 negative expression. While patients with CK7 positive expression had a higher proportion of worse TRG compared with CK7 negative patients ( P = .001). Patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) just occupied a small proportion (8.6%), but there was still a close connection between the MMR status and recurrence after TME ( P = .045). MMR status was an independent risk factor affecting the OS (HR = .307, P < .0001; HR = .123 , P < .0001) and DFS (HR = .288, P < .0001; HR = .286 , P < .0001) by univariate and multivariate analysis. But no significant difference in the proportion of TRG was observed between patients with dMMR and pMMR ( P = .920). Conclusions The result confirms negative prognostic role of CK7-positive and dMMR statuses, which have potential predictive value for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response. This provides opportunity to modify individualized treatment strategies for patients with different CK7 expression levels and dMMR statuses.

Among cancer survivors who are characterized by poorprognosis and quality of life, there is a high prevalence of sedentary behavior, which is closely associated with adverse outcomes, requiring urgent attention. Based on this, we reviewed the latest advances in sedentary behavior among cancer survivors, including relevant theories, assessment methods, influencing factors, association with prognosis and intervention, and concluded that sedentary behavior that sedentary behavior is a major risk factor for poor prognosis in cancer survivors, and single physical activity intervention or a combined intervention of physical activity and sedentary behavior is effective intervention. Additionally, given the situation where there is an urgent need to manage sedentary behavior in this group, indigenized studies ought to be carried out actively to make some improvements in their prognosis.

Abstract The majority of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)‐positive gastric cancer develop refractory to Her2‐targeted therapy, where upregulation of immune checkpoints plays an essential role. Herein, a recombinant fully human IgG1 bispecific antibody IBI315 targeting both PD‐1 and Her2 is developed and its antitumor efficacy as well as the underlying mechanism is investigated. IBI315 crosslinks the physical interaction between Her2‐positive tumor cells and PD‐1‐positive T cells, resulting in significantly enhanced antitumor effects compared to each parent antibody or their combination, both in vitro and in vivo mouse tumor models reconstituted with human immune cells using patient‐derived xenografts and organoids. Moreover, IBI315 treatment also induces the recruitment and activation of immune cells in tumors. Mechanistically, IBI315 triggers gasdermin B (GSDMB)‐mediated pyroptosis in tumor cells, leading to the activation and recruiments of T cells. The activated T cells secret IFNγ, enhancing GSDMB expression and establishing a positive feedback loop of T cell activation and tumor cell killing. Notably, GSDMB is found to be elevated in Her2‐positive gastric cancer cells, providing a rationale for IBI315's efficacy. IBI315 is supported here as a promising bispecific antibody‐based immunotherapy approach for Her2‐positive gastric cancer in preclinical studies, broadening the therapeutic landscape of this patient population.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the value of combined detection of HCY and NRG4 in the diagnosis of early diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and to explore the association between the ratio of HCY/NRG4 and DKD. Methods: A total of 140 diabetic patients and 43 healthy people were prospectively enrolled. The plasma HCY level, NRG4 level and HCY/NRG4 of them were measured to compare their differences and analyze the correlation with DKD. The independent influencing factors of patients with DKD were screened, and the nomograph of DKD occurrence was constructed. Results: The levels of HCY and HCY/NRG4 in diabetic patients were significantly increased, while the level of NRG4 was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The AUCs of HCY/NRG4 predicted for DKD were 0.961. HCY/NRG4 and the course of DM were independent risk factors for DKD. A predictive nomograph of DKD was constructed, and decision curve analysis (DCA) showed good clinical application value. HCY/NRG4 was positively correlated with Scr, UACR, TG, UA, BUN, TCHOL and LDL and negatively correlated with eGFR and HDL (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The level of HCY and NRG4 is closely related to the severity of DM, and combined detection of HCY/NRG4 can identify patients with DKD at an early stage.

Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), as a well-known cofactor, is widely used in the most of enzymatic redox reactions, playing an important role in industrial catalysis. However, the absence of a comparable method for efficient NADP+ to NADPH cofactor regeneration radically impairs efficient green chemical synthesis. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes, allowing the in situ regeneration of the redox cofactor NADPH with high specific activity and easy by-product separation process, are provided with great industrial application potential and research attention. Accordingly, herein a NADP+-specific ADH from Clostridium beijerinckii was selected to be engineered for cofactor recycle, using an automated algorithm named Protein Repair One-stop Shop (PROSS). The mutant CbADH-6M (S24P/G182A/G196A/H222D/S250E/S254R) exhibited a favorable soluble and highly active expression with an activity of 46.3 U/mL, which was 16 times higher than the wild type (2.9 U/mL), and a more stable protein conformation with an enhanced thermal stability: Δ $${T}_{1/2}^{60\mathrm{min}}$$ T 1 / 2 60 min = + 3.6 °C (temperature of 50% inactivation after incubation for 60 min). Furthermore, the activity of CbADH-6M was up-graded to 2401.8 U/mL by high cell density fermentation strategy using recombinant Escherichia coli, demonstrating its industrial potential. Finally, the superb efficiency for NADPH regeneration of the mutant enzyme was testified in the synthesis of some fine chiral aromatic alcohols coupling with another ADH from Lactobacillus kefir (LkADH).

BackgroundGiven the arrival of the aging population has caused a series of social and economic problems, we aimed to explore the key genes underlying cognitively normal brain aging and its potential molecular mechanisms.MethodsGSE11882 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The data from different brain regions were divided into aged and young groups for analysis. Co-expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Functional analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, microRNA (miRNA)-gene, and transcription factor (TF)-gene networks were performed to identify hub genes and related molecular mechanisms. AlzData database was used to elucidate the expression of DEGs and hub genes in the aging brain. Animal studies were conducted to validate the hub genes.ResultsCo-expressed DEGs contained 7 upregulated and 87 downregulated genes. The enrichment analysis indicated DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes and pathways related to immune-inflammatory responses. From the PPI network, 10 hub genes were identified: C1QC, C1QA, C1QB, CD163, FCER1G, VSIG4, CD93, CD14, VWF, and CD44. CD44 and CD93 were the most targeted DEGs in the miRNA-gene network, and TIMP1, HLA-DRA, VWF, and FGF2 were the top four targeted DEGs in the TF-gene network. In AlzData database, the levels of CD44, CD93, and CD163 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were significantly increased than those in normal controls. Meanwhile, in the brain tissues of cognitively normal mice, the expression of CD44, CD93, and CD163 in the aged group was significantly lower than those in the young group.ConclusionThe underlying molecular mechanisms for maintaining healthy brain aging are related to the decline of immune-inflammatory responses. CD44, CD93, and CD 163 are considered as potential biomarkers. This study provides more molecular evidence for maintaining cognitively normal brain aging.

Abstract Background Cocoon abdomen is a relatively rare abdominal disease characterized by the total or partial encasement of the small intestinal by a dense fibro-collagenous membrane. Case presentation We reported an unusual case of idiopathic cocoon abdomen with congenital colon malrotation. Laparotomy and sac release were performed on the patient. The patient was no recurrence 6 months after operation. A literature review was also performed. Conclusion Preoperative diagnosis of abdominal cocoon is difficult. A careful history, physical examination and appropriate radiology may be helpful in making a definitive diagnosis. If conservative treatment can’t relieve symptoms effectively, surgery is currently considered to be important in the management of this disease.

Abstract Background The Rapid Assessment of Hearing Loss (RAHL) survey protocol aims to measure the prevalence and causes of hearing loss in a low cost and rapid manner, to inform planning of ear and hearing services. This paper reports on the first field-test of the RAHL in Gao’an County, Jiangxi Province, China. This study aimed to 1) To report on the feasibility of RAHL; 2) report on the estimated prevalence and causes of hearing loss in Gao’an. Methods A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in September–October 2018. Forty-seven clusters in Gao’an County were selected using probability-proportionate-to-size sampling. Within clusters, compact segment sampling was conducted to select 30 people aged 50+. A questionnaire was completed covering sociodemographics, hearing health, and risk factors. Automated pure-tone audiometry was completed for all participants, using smartphone-based audiometry (hearTest), at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz (kHz). All participants had their ears examined by an Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) doctor, using otoscopy, and probable causes of hearing loss assigned. Prevalence estimates were age and sex standardised to the Jiangxi population. Feasibility of a cluster size of 30 was examined by assessing the response rate, and the proportion of clusters completed in 1 day. Results 1344 of 1421 eligible participants completed the survey (94.6%). 100% of clusters were completed in 1 day. The survey was completed in 4.5 weeks. The prevalence of moderate or greater hearing loss (pure-tone average of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz of > = 41dBHL in the better ear) was 16.3% (95% CI = 14.3, 18.5) and for any level of hearing loss (pure-tone average of > = 26dBHL in the better ear) the prevalence was 53.2% (95% CI = 49.2, 57.1). The majority of hearing loss was due to acquired sensorineural causes (91.7% left; 92.1% right). Overall 54.0% of the population aged 50+ (108,000 people) are in need of diagnostic audiology services, 3.4% were in need of wax removal (7000 people), and 4.8% were in need of surgical services (9500 people). Hearing aid coverage was 0.4%. Conclusion The RAHL survey protocol is feasible, demonstrated through the number of people examined per day, and the high response rate. The survey was completed in a much shorter period than previous all-age surveys in China. Some remaining challenges included assignment of causes of probable sensorineural loss. The data obtained from this survey can be used to scale-up hearing services in Gao’an.

Abstract Background To determine whether a sense of deviation remains in adults with successful motor alignment who fulfil diplopia criteria after surgery and to examine the factors associated with this judgement. Methods This was a retrospective study. Adult patients defined as having a successful outcome based on more than 1 year of post-operative follow-up visits were included in the study. The sense of deviation was determined at the last visit. Pre- and post-operative deviation and characteristics including age, gender, education level, occupation, diagnosis, size of deviation, extraocular movement (EOM), binocular function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were recorded. Results In total, 22 (24%) of the 91 adults with successful surgical outcomes reported a sense of deviation. No significant differences were noted between subjects with and without a sense of deviation regarding patient demographics, pre- and post-operative deviation, changes in deviation, sensory fusion or EOM. Subjects with a sense of deviation had an increased prevalence of and larger post-operative vertical deviation, poorer stereo function, and lower HRQOL scores than those with no sense of deviation. The presence of post-operative vertical deviation was associated with a sense of deviation. Conclusions Approximately one-fourth (24%) of adults defined as having successful surgical outcomes who still had a sense of deviation exhibited worse stereo function, higher vertical deviation size and lower HRQOL scores. The presence of 3 to 5 prism dioptres(pd) of vertical deviation would be the main factor associated with a sense of deviation post-operatively.

Abstract Background Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are major intestinal pathogens that can cause diarrheal diseases in humans, especially children. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is another parasite which can cause gastrointestinal tract disorders, with diarrhea being the main clinical symptom. However, few genetic studies of these parasites in pediatric inpatients in China have been published. Methods To assess the genetic characteristics and epidemiological status of these parasites, a total of 2284 fecal samples were collected from children in the pediatric departments of three hospitals in Zhengzhou, central China, and screened for these protozoans with PCR, based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of E. bieneusi. Results Six (0.26%), 14 (0.61%), and 27 (1.18%) of the samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi, respectively. Of the 12 successfully sequenced G. duodenalis isolates, four were identified as assemblage A and eight as assemblage B. In subtype and multilocus genotype (MLG) analyses, C. parvum IIdA19G1 (n = 4) and two novel G. duodenalis MLGs belonging to subassemblage AII (n = 3) and BIV (n = 5) were successfully identified. The E. bieneusi isolates included genotypes D (n = 17), J (n = 2), PigEBITS7 (n = 1), BEB6 (n = 1), and CM8 (n = 1). This is the first report of C. parvum subtype IIdA19G1 in HIV-negative children and E. bieneusi genotype CM8 in humans. Conclusions The dominance of zoonotic C. parvum subtype IIdA19G1 indicates that this parasite is turning into zoonotic origin from human-to-human transmission. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed the zoonotic origins and anthroponotic transmission potential of G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi, suggesting more efforts must be made to minimize the threat these pathogens pose to public health.

Screening of CRC continues to show poor compliance of endoscopy examination. The detection of mSEPT9 in peripheral blood is among the safe and simple early screening methods for CRC. The issue of how to elucidate whether detection of mSEPT9 in peripheral blood can effectively improve compliance of endoscopy and increase the early diagnosis rate of CRC and the relationship between levels of mSEPT9 in the peripheral blood and clinical stage, pathological classification, and expression of characteristic molecules in CRC remains unsolved. A total of 7759 individuals participated in the study that was performed using a questionnaire for screening of high-risk CRC. The endoscopic detection compliance of individuals with high-risk CRC who underwent the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or mSEPT9 test was compared based on the results of the questionnaire. Additionally, correlation of mSEPT9 levels in the peripheral blood with clinicopathological features, mutation status of TP53, mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), and KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA genotype was analyzed, and association of biomarkers with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and time to recurrence (TTR) was compared. We also detected levels of mSEPT9 in the peripheral blood of patients with CRC 7 days after surgery and compared the prognostic value of mSEPT9 with CEA. Results of our study showed that the mSEPT9 test could improve compliance of endoscopy and indicated a higher percentage of patients with positive mSEPT9 willing to undergo endoscopy detection than in those with positive FOBT. The specificity and sensitivity of mSEPT9 were better than that of FOBT for the detection of CRC. mSEPT9 was associated with the TNM stage, dMMR, and mutations in TP53, BRAF, and PIK3CA. A Ct value of mSEPT9 ≤ 37.5 was significantly related to poor CSS. mSEPT9 could affect association of dMMR and BRAF and PIK3CA mutations with CSS in a specific stage of CRC. The positive rate of mSEPT9 after surgery was found to correlate with poor TTR, and sensitivity was higher than CEA. The combination of mSEPT9 with CEA had a better prognostic value than that of mSEPT9 alone. The level of mSEPT9 was related to dMMR, mutations in TP53, BRAF, and PIK3CA, and was an effective biomarker for the prognosis of patients with CRC.

PurposeRecently, Eyetronix Flicker Glass (EFG) has been introduced as a novel treatment for amblyopia. It alternatively deprives the visual input of each eye rapidly (e.g., 7 Hz). However, whether it is comparable with standard patching therapy is unclear. In this randomized clinical trial, we evaluate the efficacy of an EFG therapy as treatment for amblyopia in children and compare it to the patching therapy.MethodsWe tested 31 children (aged 4–13 years) with amblyopia. They were assigned into one of the two treatment groups and were treated for 12 weeks. The first group was treated with EFG for 1 h/day (Flicker Group) and the latter with a standard patch (Patching Group) for 2 h/day. We designated changes from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the amblyopic eye as our primary outcome. Changes from baseline in other visual outcomes, such as contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and fusional vergence range were measured as secondary outcome.ResultsBCVA improved significantly at 12 weeks relative to baseline in both the Flicker (0.13 ± 0.11 logMAR; mean ± SD) and Patching Groups (0.21 ± 0.14 logMAR). However, the improvements were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.13). Contrast sensitivity also significantly improved at 3 and 12 cycles/degree between baseline and 12 weeks in both groups (p’s < 0.05). However, stereopsis and fusion range did not improve significantly in both groups.ConclusionAn EFG therapy and patching improved BCVA similarly for children with amblyopia at 12 weeks. Both therapies improved the contrast sensitivity at 3 and 12 cycles per degree (cpd); however, only patching improved the contrast sensitivity at 6 cpd. Both therapies did not benefit binocular visual functions (stereopsis and fusional vergence range). We believe that EFG can be an additional choice for therapy.Clinical Trial Registrationchictr.org number: ChiCTR2000034436.

Background: Several studies have evaluated the effects of oolong tea extracts on obesity. However, only few studies focused on the anti-obesity effect of specific components of oolong tea. Objective: This study investigated the specific anti-obesity capabilities of oolong tea polysaccharide (TPS) and tea polyphenols (TPP) in high-fat diet-induced Sprague–Dawley rats. Methods: Oolong tea water extract, TPS, TPP, and polysaccharide mixed with polyphenol (TPSM) given at doses of 400 or 800 mg/kg were administered to rats fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks to explore the anti-obesity effects of the treatments. Results: TPS and TPP were responsible for the suppressive effect on body fat accumulation. TPSM exhibited the highest effect on body weight reduction, and TPS and TPP effectively reduced serum leptin levels and significantly improved blood lipid and antioxidant levels. Moreover, microarray analysis of hepatic and adipose gene expression profiles revealed that TPP and TPS inhibited obesity through effects on the pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Conclusions: TPSM might be a potential therapy for the treatment of obesity.

COX-2 and YAP are shown to be highly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and frequently upregulated during tumor formation. However, despite their importance, whether there is a mutual interaction between COX-2 and YAP and how they regulate each other are not clear. In this paper, we showed that COX-2 overexpression in HCC cell lines resulted in increased levels of YAP mRNA, protein, and its target genes. COX-2 promoted proliferation of HCC cell lines, and knockdown of YAP antagonized this effect. In addition, our results indicated that EP2 and Wnt/β-Catenin mediate the transcriptional induction of YAP by COX-2. On the other hand, YAP increased COX-2 expression at the level of transcription requiring intact TEAD binding sites in the COX-2 promoter. Collectively, these findings indicated that COX-2 is not only a stimulus of YAP but also a target of Hippo-YAP pathway, thus forming a positive feedback circuit, COX-2-PGE2-EP2-Gαs-β-catenin-YAP-COX-2. In a further study, we showed that inhibition of YAP and COX-2 acted synergistically and more efficiently reduced the growth of HCC cells and tumor formation than either of them alone, suggesting that dual governing of YAP and COX-2 may lead to the discovery of promising therapeutic strategies for HCC patients via blocking this positive feedback loop.

The task to extract relations tries to identify relationships between two named entities in a sentence. Because a sentence usually contains several named entities, capturing structural information of a sentence is important to support this task. Currently, graph neural networks are widely implemented to support relation extraction, in which dependency trees are employed to generate adjacent matrices for encoding structural information of a sentence. Because parsing a sentence is error-prone, it influences the performance of a graph neural network. On the other hand, a sentence is structuralized by several named entities, which precisely segment a sentence into several parts. Different features can be combined by prior knowledge and experience, which are effective to initialize a symmetric adjacent matrix for a graph neural network. Based on this phenomenon, we proposed a feature combination-based graph convolutional neural network model (FC-GCN). It has the advantages of encoding structural information of a sentence, considering prior knowledge, and avoiding errors caused by parsing. In the experiments, the results show significant improvement, which outperform existing state-of-the-art performances.

Abstract Background Chemotherapy resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment. COX-2 (cyclooxygenase 2) is involved in drug resistance and poor prognosis of many neoplastic diseases or cancers. However, investigations identifying new modulators of COX-2 pathway and searching for new chemicals targeting these valid resistant biomarkers are still greatly needed. Methods HCT15, HCT-116, HT-29, COLO205, FHC, IMCE, SW480 cell lines were used to detect the expression of YAP and COX-2. Site-directed mutagenesis, luciferase reporter analysis and ChIP assay were used to test whether YAP activated COX-2 transcription through interaction with TEAD binding sites in the promoter of COX-2. Cell line models exhibiting overexpression or knockdown of some genes were generated using transfection agents. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to detect protein mutual interaction. mRNA and protein levels were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot respectively. Results Here, we reported that both YAP and COX-2 were overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells. YAP increased COX-2 expression at the level of transcription requiring intact TEAD binding sites in the COX-2 promoter. YAP conferred drug resistance through COX-2 and its related effectors such as MCL, MDR, Survivin. GCCSysm-4 (G-4), a YAP and COX-2 inhibitor, effectively inhibited both YAP and COX-2 activation, induced apoptosis and decreased viability in Taxol-resistant cells. Inhibition of YAP and COX-2 acted synergistically and more efficiently reduced the resistance of CRC cells than either of them alone. Conclusions Our data provide new mechanisms that YAP is a new upstream regulator of COX-2 pathway and plays an important role in conferring resistance in CRC cells. G-4, targeting YAP-COX-2, may be a novel valuable strategy to combat resistance in CRC.

Interocular suppression was quantified by the interocular luminance difference that was needed when the two eyes were balanced in discriminating a black–white stripe formed butterfly stimulus, which was dichoptically presented through polarized glasses. Stronger interocular suppression was found in amblyopes than that in controls at both the near (33 cm, 0.95 ± 1.00 vs. 0.14 ± 0.18, p

To use highly precise spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to determine whether there were structural abnormalities in the layers of different regions of the fovea in children with anisometropic amblyopia.Eighteen children (mean age 7.8 years old; range 5-11 years) with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia and 18 age-matched control subjects participated. Foveal thickness was measured with an enhanced depth imaging system, SD-OCT and segmented into layers using custom developed software. The thickness of each layer of the fovea was compared among amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes and control eyes with optical magnification correction for axial length and statistical correction for age and sex.The total thickness and each intra-ocular layer of the central fovea were the same for each group. However, the amblyopic eyes were significantly thicker than the normal control eyes in 2 of 4 quadrants of the peripheral retina. Exploring intra-retinal layers in these two quadrants, the nasal nerve fiber layer (NFL) and inferior inner nuclear layer (INL)were significantly thicker in amblyopic eyes than in control eyes (p = 0.01 and 0.012, respectively, by ANCOVA).The SD-OCT data revealed marginal differences in some foveal layers at peripheral locations and indicated that structural differences might exist between individuals with amblyopia and visually normal control subjects. However, the differences were scattered and represented no identifiable pattern. More studies with large samples and precise locations of the retinal layers must be performed to extend the present results.

To evaluate the status of and factors associated with long-term health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adult patients with strabismus following corrective surgery.Prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 122 adults who underwent corrective surgery and were followed up for at least 1 year were recruited. Pre- and post-operative HRQOL were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Adult Strabismus 20 (AS-20). Demographics and clinical characteristics were recorded. Eighty-nine age-matched, normal individuals without a history of strabismus were recruited as a control group.AS-20 scores improved significantly in the psychosocial subscale and total scale after surgery for all122 patients, but not in the function subscale. HRQOL was better in the successful cases than in the non-successful cases (p

Purpose. To evaluate the distribution pattern and changes of strabismus surgery in children based on the data collected from a local eye hospital in the south of China between 2006 and 2011. Methods. A retrospective analysis of all strabismus surgeries in children (