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Abstract The swift progress in wearable technology has accentuated the need for flexible power systems. Such systems are anticipated to exhibit high efficiency, robust durability, consistent power output, and the potential for effortless integration. Integrating ultraflexible energy harvesters and energy storage devices to form an autonomous, efficient, and mechanically compliant power system remains a significant challenge. In this work, we report a 90 µm-thick energy harvesting and storage system (FEHSS) consisting of high-performance organic photovoltaics and zinc-ion batteries within an ultraflexible configuration. With a power conversion efficiency surpassing 16%, power output exceeding 10 mW cm–2, and an energy density beyond 5.82 mWh cm–2, the FEHSS can be tailored to meet the power demands of wearable sensors and gadgets. Without cumbersome and rigid components, FEHSS shows immense potential as a versatile power source to advance wearable electronics and contribute toward a sustainable future.

To precisely forecast the power of a tower combined diamond circular saw blade during material sawing, a model for sawing power was established using the average thickness of an undeformed chip from a single grinding grain of an individual saw blade within the combination saw as a medium. This model was then refined to enhance accuracy. A fast and accurate prediction model, requiring only a small number of samples, was developed. Sawing power was measured through various parameter combinations via sawing experiments, and model coefficients were obtained by fitting the data using multivariate linear regression techniques. An optimization model was subsequently established, with sawing parameters as optimization variables. The objectives of this model were to minimize sawing specific energy and reduce sawing time. An optimized particle swarm algorithm was adopted to solve the model. The experimental results reveal that the parameter model can comprehensively elucidate the influence of various sawing parameters on sawing power, with the model accurately forecasting the sawing power under different saw blade combinations. The improved particle swarm algorithm demonstrates strong optimization performance, with optimized parameters contributing to significant reductions in sawing power.

Sesame oil is one of the indispensable cooking oils in daily diets, and its quality and safety has aroused wide concern. However, the issue of sesame oil adulteration has become increasingly serious, making it urgent to guarantee the quality and safety of sesame oil. Therefore, it is important to establish an anti-counterfeiting and traceability system. In this study, a blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting and traceability system for sesame oil was designed. A ‘blockchain caching’ double storage design was proposed, which could store and cache information off-chain while synchronously storing the encrypted hash value of traceability information on-chain. In addition, a querying scheme that could connect smart contracts directly to the state database was designed to solve the problems of high data storage pressure and low querying efficiency on the blockchain network. It was verified that consumers could quickly and conveniently check the authenticity of sesame oil by scanning the QR code of a mini program, which could effectively solve the problems of data security and the authenticity of traceability information between different links in the sesame oil traceability chain, and it was successfully applied to real samples with good results.

When the rusted diamond circular saw blade works, there will be some problems such as reduced sawing stability. In response to this phenomenon, models are established through the structural parameters of saw blades with different corrosion degrees, and modal analysis of saw blades with different corrosion degrees is carried out. This analysis takes sawing vibration as a reference index of stability and studies the influence of saw blade corrosion on stability. Experiments verify the accuracy of the results. The results show that the vibration modes of the corroded saw blade more are more than 6 orders different from those of the original saw blade, and the difference in adjacent natural frequencies reduces by 8.56 % in the frequency range of 640 to 1,280 Hz. With the increase of corrosion degree, the saw blade is more prone to resonance. Corrosion at the important position has a great influence on the sawing stability of the saw blade. Reducing surface defects can reduce corrosion and its influence on the sawing stability of the saw blade. This study provides guidance for the practical use and rust prevention technology of diamond circular saw blades.

ObjectivesThe study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the personal suicide stigma questionnaire (PSSQ) into simplified Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties among adolescents who have attempted suicide in mainland China.MethodsFollowing Brislin’s translation model and using purposive sampling, we surveyed 440 adolescents who had attempted suicide at Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital in Zhejiang Province, China. Content validity was determined by a panel of experts, and the construct validity of the scale was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Reliability analysis was evaluated using Cronbach’s α coefficient, test–retest reliability, and half-split reliability.ResultsThe Chinese version of the PSSQ consists of three dimensions and 14 items. After two rounds of expert consultation, the item-content validity index for all items exceeded 0.70, and the scale-content validity index exceeded 0.90. EFA extracted three factors and retained all 14 items. The CFA indicators demonstrated a good fit. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.880, the half-split reliability was 0.681, and the test–retest reliability was 0.862. It is evident that the PSSQ and its subscales demonstrate stable structural validity and good internal consistency in measuring self-stigma among individuals with suicidal tendencies, indicating that the PSSQ is a reliable tool for assessing the degree of personal stigma in Chinese adolescents who have attempted suicide.ConclusionThis study ensured the linguistic and cultural appropriateness of the Chinese version of the PSSQ through cross-cultural adaptation and validation of its reliability and validity, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of assessing personal stigma among Chinese adolescents who have attempted suicide. The validation of the Chinese version of the scale not only enriches the research tools available for studying personal stigma related to suicide in mainland China, but also provides a reliable quantitative tool for future research on the psychological states of individuals who have attempted suicide, the impact of stigma, and the effectiveness of interventions.

Since the fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is rigidly strapped down to the earth’s crust, there are various errors that affect the universal time (UT1) measurements. In this paper, the errors caused by various physical factors and mechanisms are analyzed in detail, with precession and nutation errors being taken into account, and modeling of the observation equations based on precession and nutation error correction is proposed. The mapping relationship with UT1 is established based on this observation equation; after the corresponding error correction and VLBI calibration, the high-accuracy solution of UT1 is finally completed. Through 14-day measurement experiments under a room temperature environment without any vibration isolation and magnetic shielding devices, the error variation of UT1 solution compared with the earth orientation parameter (EOP) 14 C04 data is calculated at less than 3.57 ms, with UT1 solution accuracy improved by 56% compared with the traditional method. These results indicate that this work facilitates the study of giant FOG error modeling and correction, advancing our understanding of errors in giant FOG measurements and improving the accuracy of UT1 solution.

Carbon fiber reinforced cement-based composite material (CFRC) is a novel type of composite material that involves the incorporation of carbon fibers into ordinary concrete. This addition effectively enhances the tensile strength, deformation performance, and dynamic load resistance of reinforced concrete structures. Consequently, CFRC has found increasing applications in the construction industry. The objective of this research is to investigate the wear mechanisms of diamond tools during the sawing process of CFRC and offer guidance on cost reduction through the optimization of processing parameters. The wear analysis of diamond segments can be divided into two categories: matrix wear and diamond particle wear. The diamond particles can exist in different states, and the formation of voids resulting from the detachment of diamond particles is considered as a reference point. The analysis reveals that abrasive wear is the main mechanisms of matrix wear in CFRC sawing. The wear resistance is strongly influenced by the proportion of diamond particles in favorable states, which is determined by the applied loads and operating parameters. The proportion of diamond particles exhibits a clear variation with adjustments made to the feeding speed. Notably, an increase in feeding rate results in a significant decrease in the percentage of blunt particles, reducing it from 28% to 6%. To achieve a lower wear rate, a predictive model was established using Design Expert software based on the experimental results. The model demonstrated that a wear rate as low as 268.5 mm/m 2 can be achieved with a flywheel speed of 78 r/min and a feeding speed of 90 mm/h. The optimization process, aimed at minimizing wear rate, was successfully carried out without compromising productivity.

Abstract Background Stroke has been found to be highly correlated with the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. The relation between the TyG index changes and stroke, however, has seldom been reported, and current researches mentioning the TyG index concentrate on individual values. We aimed to investigate whether the level and the change of TyG index was associated with the incidence of stroke. Methods Sociodemographic, medical background, anthropometric and laboratory information were retrospectively collected. Classification was conducted using k-means clustering analysis. Logistic regressions were to determine the relationship between different classes with changes in the TyG index and incidence of stroke, taking the class with the smallest change as a reference. Meanwhile, restricted cubic spline regression was applied to examine the links of cumulative TyG index and stroke. Results 369 (7.8%) of 4710 participants had a stroke during 3 years. Compared to class 1 with the best control of the TyG Index, the OR for class 2 with good control was 1.427 (95% CI, 1.051–1.938), the OR for class 3 with moderate control was 1.714 (95% CI, 1.245–2.359), the OR for class 4 with worse control was 1.814 (95% CI, 1.257–2.617), and the OR for class 5 with consistently high levels was 2.161 (95% CI, 1.446–3.228). However, after adjusting for multiple factors, only class 3 still had an association with stroke (OR 1.430, 95%CI, 1.022-2.000). The relation between the cumulative TyG index and stroke was linear in restricted cubic spline regression. In subgroup analysis, similar results were shown in participants without diabetes or dyslipidemia. There is neither additive nor multiplicative interaction between TyG index class and covariates. Conclusion A constant higher level with worst control in TyG index indicated a higher risk of stroke.

Abstract Vehicle emission is a major source of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Driving condition is a critical influencing factor for vehicular SOA production, but few studies have revealed the dependence on rapid-changing real-world driving conditions. Here, a fast-response oxidation flow reactor system is developed and deployed to quantify the SOA formation potential under transient driving conditions. Results show that the SOA production factor varies by orders of magnitude, e.g., 20–1500 mg kg-fuel−1 and 12–155 mg kg-fuel−1 for China V and China VI vehicles, respectively. High speed, acceleration, and deceleration are found to considerably promote SOA production due to higher organic gaseous emissions caused by unburned fuel emission or incomplete combustion. In addition, China VI vehicles significantly reduce SOA formation potential, yield, and acceleration and deceleration peaks. Our study provides experimental insight and parameterization into vehicular SOA formation under transient driving conditions, which would benefit high time-resolved SOA simulations in the urban atmosphere.

China is currently vigorously implementing the “energy conservation and emission reduction” and “dual carbon” strategies. As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China, Magnesium (Mg) alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile, rail transportation, aerospace, medical, and electronic products. Chongqing University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation, properties, and processes of Mg alloys. In the past 20 years, the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded, whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported. Thus, the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle (body system, chassis system, powertrain system, interior, and exterior system). Subsequently, two actual original equipment manufacturers (OEM) cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy, including forward design, formability analysis, process design analysis, structural redesign, manufacturing, and testing, aiming to share the methods, processes, and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field. Eventually, the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed. National policies and regulations, environmental protection and energy saving, and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.

As a bridge for international trade, maritime transportation security is crucial to the global economy. Southeast Asian waters have become a high-incidence area of global piracy attacks due to geographic location and complex security situations, posing a great threat to the development of the Maritime Silk Road. In this study, the factors affecting the risk of pirate attacks are analyzed in depth by using the Global Ship Piracy Attacks Report from the IMO Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS) database (i.e., 2013–2022) in conjunction with a Bayesian Network (BN) model, and the Expectation Maximization algorithm is used to train the model parameters. The results show that piracy behaviors and the ship’s risk are the key factors affecting the risk of pirate attacks, and suggestions are made to reduce the risk of pirate attacks. This study develops a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling the risk of pirate attacks on ships, which helps maintain the safety of ship operations.

Limited knowledge exists regarding gasoline and diesel exhaust effects on lipid metabolism. This study collected gasoline and diesel exhaust under actual driving conditions and conducted inhalation exposure on male young and middle-aged C57BL/6J mice for 4 h/day for 5 days to simulate commuting exposure intensity. Additionally, PM2.5 from actual roadways, representing gasoline and diesel vehicles, was generated for exposure to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and normal liver cells (LO2) for 24, 48, and 72 h to further investigate exhaust particle toxicity. Results showed that diesel exhaust reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in young mice, indicating disrupted lipid metabolism. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels increased by 53.7% and 21.7%, respectively, suggesting potential liver injury. Diesel exhaust exposure decreased superoxide dismutase and increased glutathione peroxidase levels. Cell viability decreased, and reactive oxygen species levels increased in HUVECs and LO2 following exposure to exhaust particles, with dose- and time-dependent effects. Diesel exhaust particles exhibited more severe inhibition of cell proliferation and oxidative damage compared to gasoline exhaust particles. These findings provide novel evidence of the risk of disrupted lipid metabolism due to gasoline and diesel exhaust, emphasizing the toxicity of diesel exhaust.

Objective: Viral myocarditis in children (VMCC) is a severe condition that requires effective treatment options. Astragalus membranaceus Injection (AMI) has been widely used for the treatment of VMCC and has shown promising results. In light of this, we conducted an overview of systematic reviews (OoSRs) and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to provide a comprehensive summary of the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of AMI in treating VMCC. Methods: We conducted a thorough search of 8 databases up until November 18th, 2022 to identify all systematic reviews (SRs) pertaining to the use of AMI for VMCC. We assessed the methodology quality, report quality, and evidence quality of the retrieved SRs using the AMSTAR-2, PRISMA, and GRADE frameworks. For meta-analysis, we used either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model to calculate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with Stata version 12.0, based on the number of original trials. We presented general results in evidence maps utilizing bubble plots. Results: A total of 4 SRs, comprising 115 RCTs and 9048 patients, were determined to be eligible for inclusion in OoSRs. Our findings revealed moderate-certainty evidence that combining AMI with western medicine (WM) improved the effective rate, cure rate and electrocardiogram results, while reducing creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase levels for VMCC compared to the WM group. Furthermore, combination therapy did not increase adverse drug reactions[RR=0.79, 95%CI (0.44, 1.40), P>0.05] for VMCC. Evidence maps demonstrated that combining AMI with WM was more advantageous for treating VMCC. Conclusion: AMI is a valuable therapeutic option for VMCC, demonstrating remarkable efficacy and a favorable safety profile. However, to confirm these findings and determine the optimal dosing and administration regimens, further prospective studies are necessary. Our work provides a foundation for future research on this topic. While our findings support the effectiveness and safety of combining AMI with WM for treating VMCC, caution should be exercised in interpreting these results due to the quality of the current literature. Larger-scale, well-designed studies are necessary to confirm the results and provide high-quality evidence.To advance the management and outcomes of VMCC within the context of Chinese medicine, our study highlights the need for ongoing research efforts in this area. We believe that additional research will expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of AMI and WM on VMCC, and ultimately benefit patients with this condition.

The non-conventional structure layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as pollutant adsorbents with significant adsorption efficiency are promising valuable research topics. In this work, the defect ordering MgAl-LDHs nanosheets for the highly efficient removal of Congo red (CR) are designed and fabricated by a facile environmental-friendly hydrothermal method based on solid insoluble substances magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) as precursors. The decrease of Mg/Al ordering changes the interlayer spacing of LDHs and improves the defect sites with low oxygen coordination on the LDHs laminate, which enhances the removal efficiency of CR from 45.6 to 97.7%. This study reveals that a defect enhancing combined mechanism of surface adsorption and the anion-exchange in MgAl-LDHs can obtain an outstanding adsorption efficiency for removing CR. The reactivity of the Mg/Al disorder with O defect on the LDHs laminate increases with the reduction of frontier orbitals energy gap (ΔEgap), resulting in a high adsorption capacity for CR. The uncover of the defect enhancing adsorption mechanism provides a new strategy to fabricate MgAl-LDHs with high capability for wastewater remediation.

Brake wear is an important but unregulated vehicle-related source of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). The single-particle spectral fingerprints of brake wear particles (BWPs) provide essential information for understanding their formation mechanism and atmospheric contributions. Herein, we obtained the single-particle mass spectra of BWPs by combining a brake dynamometer with an online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer and quantified real-world BWP emissions through a tunnel observation in Tianjin, China. The pure BWPs mainly include three distinct types of particles, namely, Ba-containing particles, mineral particles, and carbon-containing particles, accounting for 44.2%, 43.4%, and 10.3% of the total BWP number concentration, respectively. The diversified mass spectra indicate complex BWP formation pathways, such as mechanical, phase transition, and chemical processes. Notably, the mass spectra of Ba-containing particles are unique, which allows them to serve as an excellent indicator for estimating ambient BWP concentrations. By evaluating this indicator, we find that approximately 4.0% of the PM in the tunnel could be attributable to brake wear; the real-world fleet-average emission factor of 0.28 mg km−1 veh−1 is consistent with the estimation obtained using the receptor model. The results presented herein can be used to inform assessments of the environmental and health impacts of BWPs to formulate effective emissions control policies.

ABSTRACT: Salmonella, as a common foodborne pathogen in dairy products, poses a great threat to human health. We studied a new detection method based on quantum dots (QD). A fluorescent biosensor with multiple fluorescent signal amplification based on a streptavidin (SA) biotin system and the polyamino linear polymer poly-l-lysine (PLL) were established to detect Salmonella in milk. First, Salmonella was captured on a black 96-well plate with paired Salmonella mAb to form a double-antibody sandwich. Second, SA was immobilized on biotin-modified mAb by SA-biotin specific bond. Then, the biotin-modified polylysine (BT-PLL) was bound on SA and specifically bonded again through the SA-biotin system. Finally, water-soluble CdSe/ZnS QD-labeled SA was added to a black 96-well plate for covalent coupling with BT-PLL. The fluorescent signal was amplified in a dendritic manner by the layer-by-layer overlap of SA and biotin and the covalent coupling of biotinylated PLL. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit was 4.9 × 103 cfu/mL in PBS. The detection limit was 10 times better than that of the conventional sandwich ELISA. In addition, the proposed biosensor was well specific and could be used for detecting Salmonella in milk samples.

ABSTRACT: Foods contaminated by foodborne pathogens have always been a great threat to human life. Herein, we constructed an electrochemical immunosensor for Salmonella detection by using a Fe3O4@graphene modified electrode. Because of the excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical stability of graphene and the large specific surface area of Fe3O4, the Fe3O4@graphene nanocomposite exhibits an excellent electrical signal, which greatly increased the sensitivity of the immunosensor. Gold nanoparticles were deposited on Fe3O4@graphene nanocomposite by electrochemical technology for the immobilization of the antibody. Cyclic voltammetry was selected to electrochemically characterize the construction process of immunosensors. The microstructure and morphology of related nanocomposites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Under optimized experimental conditions, a good linear relationship was achieved in the Salmonella concentration range of 2.4 × 102 to 2.4 × 107 cfu/mL, and the limit of detection of the immunosensor was 2.4 × 102 cfu/mL. Additionally, the constructed immunosensor exhibited acceptable selectivity, reproducibility, and stability and provides a new reference for detecting pathogenic bacteria in milk.

Abstract This study proposes a high‐precision algorithm used in enhanced Loran sky–ground wave separation based on the Levenberg–Marquart algorithm. The simulation results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this study has higher accuracy, especially in the case of a low signal‐to‐noise ratio. Furthermore, when the skywave of enhanced Loran has at least a 35 μs time delay compared with the groundwave, the performance of the algorithm is significantly better than that of other algorithms. Analysis of an actual signal showed that the average correlation coefficient was greater than 99% and that the signal was successfully separated.

BackgroundPromoting reflection about death may support better living, and how to carry out death education is an important issue to be addressed across the world. The purpose of the current study was to explore the attitude of heart transplant recipients toward death and their inner real experience to provide information for the development of death education strategies.MethodsA phenomenological qualitative study was conducted using a snowball method. A total of 11 patients who had undergone heart transplantation more than 1-year ago were recruited for the current study for semi-structured interviews.ResultsA total of five themes were identified: “Not avoid talking about death,” “Feeling fear about the pain in the process of death”, “Wanting a good death at the end of life,” “The richness of feelings during near-death is surprising,” and “Being close to death makes people more receptive to death.”ConclusionHeart transplant recipients have a positive attitude toward death and wish for “good death” at the end of life. These patients' near-death experiences and positive attitudes toward death during the course of their illness provided evidence of the need for death education in China and supported the experiential approach to death education.

In this paper, the dynamic model between input electric signal of hydraulic valve and boom luffing angle is established, and luffing control of flexible boom of mobile elevated work platform (MEWP) is studied. The control input gain for the luffing motion of the MEWP is extremely difficult to solve and varies with boom length, work platform load, and luffing angle. For the variable control input gain, all low-order state quantities, rigid-flexible coupling quantity, and control input are included as the “total disturbance” to be observed. Based on the third-order linear tracking differentiator and the first-order ordinary differential linear equation, an active disturbance rejection controller without control input gain is proposed. With the bandwidth-based parameter settings, the controller only needs to adjust two parameters. As a comparison, this paper analyzes in detail the proposed controllers, the fixed input gain active disturbance rejection controller and the PID controller in terms of tracking error, overshoot, setting time, tracking stability, and robustness.

Oxidative stress results in myocardial cell apoptosis and even life-threatening heart failure in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Specific blocking of the complex I could reduce cell apoptosis. Ndufs4 is a nuclear-encoded subunit of the mitochondrial complex I and participates in the electron transport chain. In this study, we designed and synthesized siRNA sequences knocking down the rat Ndufs4 gene, constructed recombinant adenovirus Ndufs4 siRNA (Ad-Ndufs4 siRNA), and primarily verified the role of Ndufs4 in oxidative stress injury. The results showed that the adenovirus infection rate was about 90%, and Ndufs4 mRNA and protein were decreased by 76.7% and 64.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the flow cytometry assay indicated that the cell apoptosis rate of the Ndufs4 siRNA group was significantly decreased as compared with the H2O2-treated group. In conclusion, we successfully constructed Ndufs4 siRNA recombinant adenovirus; furthermore, the downexpression of the Ndufs4 gene may alleviate H2O2-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis.

Abstract Background The aging population coupled with progressive medical technology has increased the demand for improved quality of end-of-life in China. However, implementation of an advance care planning (ACP) program in mainland China is still in its infancy owing to the significant influence of filial piety in Chinese culture. Research on implementation of ACP program among community health workers (CHWs) is limited. The current study sought to explore the willingness of CHWs to implement ACP based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and provide a reference for promotion of ACP in Chinese communities. Methods Phenomenological qualitative study using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded. Colaizzi’s method was used for data analysis. The study received ethical approval and all participants provided written consent. Results Thirteen CHWs from 3 community health service centers (CHSCs) in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China were interviewed. Through the analysis of the interview content, we determined that most CHWs have a supportive attitude towards the implementation of ACP, the reasons for which are as follows: relieve suffering of patients and respect their medical autonomy; relieve economic and psychological burden on family members; promote development of community palliative care. However, some CHWs believe that the implementation of ACP will lead to doctor-patient disputes and medical risks. CHWs reported that the support of patients and their families, community lawyers, psychosocial professionals, and CHSCs senior managers helped them to implement ACP. In addition, they indicated that the improvement of doctor-patient communication ability, the improvement of community medical environment, the support of government policy, and the training of CHWs were the promoting factors influencing their implementation of ACP. The hindrance factors include insufficient allocation of community health human resources, imperfect ACP legislation in China, and deep-rooted traditional culture. Conclusion Findings demonstrated that Chinese CHWs tend to support the implementation of ACP, but their willingness to implement is affected by different factors. CHSCs should actively organize standardized ACP training and comprehensively consider community medical environment, organizational norms, and human resources in implementation of ACP.

Abstract Background Seeking online health information (OHI) has become a common practice globally. The information seekers could face health risks if they are not proficient in OHI literacy. The OHI-seeking behaviors and skills of Chinese college students, the largest proportion of college students in the world, are understudied. This study was aimed to describe OHI-seeking behaviors and skills of college students in Guangdong, China. Methods College students in the Guangdong province with OHI-seeking experience were invited via WeChat, QQ, and Sina Weibo using QR code posters and flyers for participation in this online anonymized questionnaire-based study. Data on demographics, OHI literacy, information resources, search approaches, and behaviors were collected. The relationship between perceived OHI literacy and high-risk behaviors was investigated by bivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Respondents were 1203 college students with a mean age of 20.6 years, females (60.2%), and undergraduates (97.2%). They sought health information via websites (20.3%), WeChat (2.6%), or both (77.1%). Baidu was the main search engine, and baike.baidu.com (80.3%), Zhihu.com (48.4%), and Zhidao.baidu.com (35.8%) were top three among 20 searched websites for information about self-care (80.7%), general health (79.5%), disease prevention (77.7%), self-medication (61.2%), family treatment (40.9%), drugs (37.7%), western medications (26.6%), hospitals (22.7%), physicians (21.4%), and Traditional Chinese Medicine (15.6%). Despite most respondents (78%) lacked confidence in the evidence quality and satisfaction with the results, only 32.4% further consulted doctors. Many (> 50%) would recommend the retrieved information to others. About 20% experienced hacking/Internet fraud. Cronbach’s alpha for the internal consistency of OHI literacy was 0.786. Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that students who believed they can judge the evidence level of OHI were more likely to self-diagnose (OR = 2.2, 95%CI, 1.6–3.1) and look for drug usage (OR = 3.1, 95%CI, 1.9–5.0). Conclusions This study reveals Chinese college students’ heavy reliance on OHI to manage their own and others’ health without sufficient knowledge/skills to identify misinformation and disinformation. The apparent risky information-seeking behaviors of Chinese college students warrant the provision of regulated, accurate, and actionable health information; assurance of cybersecurity; and health information literacy promotion in colleges by concerned authorities.

IntroductionSocial media, an essential source of public access to information regarding the COVID-19 vaccines, has a significant effect on the transmission of information regarding the COVID-19 vaccines and helps the public gain correct insights into the effectiveness and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines. The forwarding behavior of social media users on posts concerned with COVID-19 vaccine topics can rapidly disseminate vaccine information in a short period, which has a significant effect on transmission and helps the public access relevant information. However, the factors of social media users' forwarding posts are still uncertain thus far. In this paper, we investigated the factors of the forwarding COVID-19 vaccines Weibo posts on Chinese social media and verified the correlation between social network characteristics, Weibo textual sentiment characteristics, and post forwarding.MethodsThis paper used data mining, machine learning, sentiment analysis, social network analysis, and regression analysis. Using “新冠疫苗 (COVID-19 vaccine)” as the keyword, we used data mining to crawl 121,834 Weibo posts on Sina Weibo from 1 January 2021 to 31 May 2021. Weibo posts not closely correlated with the topic of the COVID-19 vaccines were filtered out using machine learning. In the end, 3,158 posts were used for data analysis. The proportions of positive sentiment and negative sentiment in the textual of Weibo posts were calculated through sentiment analysis. On that basis, the sentiment characteristics of Weibo posts were determined. The social network characteristics of information transmission on the COVID-19 vaccine topic were determined through social network analysis. The correlation between social network characteristics, sentiment characteristics of the text, and the forwarding volume of posts was verified through regression analysis.ResultsThe results suggest that there was a significant positive correlation between the degree of posting users in the social network structure and the amount of forwarding. The relationship between the closeness centrality and the forwarding volume was significantly positive. The betweenness centrality was significantly positively correlated with the forwarding volume. There was no significant relationship between the number of posts containing more positive sentiments and the forwarding volume of posts. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of Weibo posts containing more negative sentiments and the forwarding volume.ConclusionAccording to the characteristics of users, COVID-19 vaccine posts from opinion leaders, “gatekeepers,” and users with high-closeness centrality are more likely to be reposted. Users with these characteristics should be valued for their important role in disseminating information about COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, the sentiment contained in the Weibo post is an important factor influencing the public to forward vaccine posts. Special attention should be paid to the negative sentimental tendency contained in this post on Weibo to mitigate the negative impact of the information epidemic and improve the transmission effect of COVID-19 vaccine information.

This paper proposes using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations to optimize the design structure for low-frequency Magnetically Shielded Rooms (MSRs). In constructing a multi-layer MSR, the different characteristics of the material and laminated structure will bring different levels of magnetic Shielding Effectiveness (SE). The theoretical SE of an MSR can be determined quickly. By using the method used in this paper, the ideal laminated material structure can be found without increasing the MSR construction cost. According to the simulation results and the actual MSR measurement results we built, the optimized MSR design structure can improve the SE by 13 dB. In the area where the external measurement magnetic field is 37 820 nT, the magnetic field in the MSR is as low as 28 nT, and the SE of the MSR is higher than 57.3 dB. The method proposed by this research can provide the theoretical basis for optimal design structure and the FEA simulation method for engineering practice, which can effectively improve the SE of shielded rooms and save the construction cost. The FEA simulations used in this paper can be obtained from the following URL: https://github.com/YuukiAsuna/-Finite-element-simulation-of-material-lamination-sequence.

Gastrointestinal parasites are some of the most common pathogens which are seriously harmful to the camel’s health. The infection status of gastrointestinal parasites in camels (Camelus bactrianus) in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the species and infection intensity of gastrointestinal tract parasites in local camels.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a contributing factor in remodeling events of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD, but the effect of H2S in regulating EMT and the underlying mechanisms is not clear. In this study, we assessed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, EMT markers and associated signal molecules in rat lungs, bronchial epithelial cells, and human peripheral lung tissues to investigate the effect of H2S in regulating EMT and the underlying mechanisms. We found that EMT and ER stress occurred in lung epithelial cells, especially in the bronchial epithelial cells of smokers and COPD patients. In cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed rats, intraperitoneal injection of NaHS significantly alleviated CS-induced lung tissue damage, small airway fibrosis, ER stress, and EMT, while intraperitoneal injection of propargylglycine (cystathionine-gamma-lyase inhibitor) aggravated these effects induced by CS. In the nicotine-exposed 16HBE cells, an appropriate concentration of H2S donor not only inhibited nicotine-induced ER stress, but also inhibited nicotine-induced enhancement of cell migration ability and EMT. ER stress nonspecific inhibitors taurine and 4-phenyl butyric acid also inhibited nicotine-induced enhancement of cell migration ability and EMT. Both H2S and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) activation inhibitor 4μ8C inhibited nicotine-induced activation of IRE1, Smad2/3 and EMT. These results suggest that H2S inhibits CS- or nicotine-induced ER stress and EMT in bronchial epithelial cells and alleviates CS-induced lung tissue damage and small airway fibrosis. The IRE1 signal pathway and Smad2/3 may be responsible for the inhibitory effect of H2S.

Measurement of the information flow along the ascending auditory pathway from the periphery to the auditory cortex (AC) has been given much attention in neurocomputation. While the neurophysiological mechanisms of the auditory pathway have been well studied, the temporal resolution and relationships among the auditory centers are still under investigation, especially when suffering from acoustic trauma that results in peripheral deficits and neural signal changes in the auditory system. In this study, we measured rat AC neurons and auditory nerve (AN) signals in digital format by using two new algorithms to calculate the neural response time of the AC neurons to electrical stimulation of the AN and quantify the neural information flow in the temporal domain. One algorithm compared time difference of neural spikes directly, which was based on the conventional idea of spike train in neurocomputation. The other employed a modified cross-correlation algorithm. Both algorithms shared the same pre-signal processing of spike selection. The statistical results by the two methods were compared and various parameters in the algorithms and their impact on the accuracy of the results were discussed. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, the time difference between the AC to AN activities was calculated by both algorithms with raw neural signals collected. The neural signals from the animals were measured before and after noise trauma, and one of the animals received intra-modiolus electrical stimulation (IMES) to stimulate the AN. The results from using the two algorithms were generally consistent, and the biological mechanisms behind the time delay results between AC and AN activities were discussed.

After hip-hop increased in popularity in Chinese entertainment programs, different perceptions of hip-hop in China reflected a clash of various thinking patterns among audiences, with hip-hop club Triple H on the cusp of controversy. Taking Triple H as a case study, this paper aims to explore how emotional attachments influence the development of Chinese hip-hop clubs in post-subculture. The findings indicated that the brotherhood rooted in hip-hop culture has been reshaped by the hybridity of Chinese hip-hop featuring fraternity mixed with sensitivity, loyalty filled with controversy, and heroism heightened by diversity. This paper argues that the recurring theme of “brotherhood” contributing to the charisma of Chinese hip-hop clubs cannot be partially interpreted as either gangster love or an underground bond, which gives rise to a new approach to the notion of authenticity, with hip-hop interpreted as a distinctive lifestyle.

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly discovered porcine circovirus. The molecular characteristics and genetic evolution of PCV3 in Xinjiang province, China still being unclear, the aim of the study was their elucidation.

As hypersonic vehicles are highly integrated, a multifidelity simulation method based on a commercial solver is developed to reduce simulation time for such vehicles and their propulsion systems. This method is characterized by high-level fidelity numerical analysis of external flow and low-level fidelity numerical analysis of internal flow. The external flow of a propulsion system is solved by RANS equations. The internal flow is modeled by a quasi-one-dimensional equation. The interaction between external and internal flow is governed by a CFD solver through a user-defined function (UDF). The static pressure distribution acquired from the multifidelity simulation method is in agreement with the experimental data, indicating that this simulation method can be used to study the flow physics of hypersonic propulsion systems at a reasonable cost. From a design perspective, the results indicate that the horizontal force increases with the fuel equivalence ratio, and the thrust balance is realized at φ = 0.35. The positive net thrust is maintained throughout the flight regime from Ma 4 to Ma 7, whether the combustor operates in ramjet or scramjet mode.

Background: The novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to a serious of clinical symptoms and severe illness, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and fatal organ failure. We report the fundamental pathological investigation in the lungs and other organs of fatal cases for the mechanistic understanding of severe COVID-19 and the development of specific therapy in these cases. Methods: The autopsy and pathological investigations of specimens were performed on bodies of two deceased cases with COVID-19. Gross anatomy and histological investigation by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained were reviewed on each patient. Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining and Masson staining were performed for the examinations of mucus, fibrin and collagen fiber in lung tissues. Immunohistochemical staining were performed on the slides of lung tissues from two patients. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the infection of SARS-CoV-2. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to detect the direct binding of S protein and the expression of ACE2 on the cell surface of macrophages. Findings: The main pathological features in lungs included extensive impairment of type I alveolar epithelial cells and atypical hyperplasia of type II alveolar cells, with formation of hyaline membrane, focal hemorrhage, exudation and pulmonary edema, and pulmonary consolidation. The mucous plug with fibrinous exudate in the alveoli and the dysfunction of alveolar macrophages were characteristic abnormalities. The type II alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages in alveoli and pulmonary hilum lymphoid tissue were infected by SARS-CoV-2. S protein of SARS-CoV-2 directly bound to the macrophage via the S-protein-ACE2 interaction. Interpretation: Infection of Alveolar macrophage by SARS-CoV-2 might be drivers of the “cytokine storm”, which might result in damages in pulmonary tissues, heart and lung, and leading to the failure of multiple organs . Funding: Shanghai Guangci Translational Medical Research Development Foundation, Shanghai, China

Many solar panels for spacecrafts are deployed by Tape Spring Hinges (TSHs) which have changeable stiffness. The stiffness of TSH is small when panels are folded, and it becomes large quickly in its deployed status. Since the solar panel is a thin sheet, flexible deformation is easily generated by orbit maneuvers. The coupling effect between the nonlinear TSHs and the flexible panels generates obvious vibration which affects the operational stability of the satellite. To investigate this coupling effect, non-deformable, linear deformable and nonlinear deformable panels were modelled by rigid body, modal order reduction method (MORM) and finite element method (FEM), respectively. The driving torque of TSH was described as a function of the rotation angle and angular velocity. The nonlinear properties of the TSH were reflected by one angle-stiffness spline multiplied by one stiffness coefficient. Dynamic responses of a satellite in deployment and orbit steering were analyzed by numerical simulations. Analysis results indicate the local deformation of panels keeps the stiffness of the TSH within a large range which accelerates the orbit maneuvers. However, much vibration is generated by the coupling effect if the luck-up status is broken up. The coupling effect affects the sequence of deployment, overshoot phenomenon and acceleration magnitude of the panels. Although the MORM is more efficient than FEM in computation, we propose FEM is better suited in the design of TSH and in studying the precise control of spacecraft with flexible solar panels and TSHs.

Abstract Blast-induced tinitus is the number one service-connected disability that currently affects military personnel and veterans. To elucidate its underlying mechanisms, we subjected 13 Sprague Dawley adult rats to unilateral 14 psi blast exposure to induce tinnitus and measured auditory and limbic brain activity using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). Tinnitus was evaluated with a gap detection acoustic startle reflex paradigm, while hearing status was assessed with prepulse inhibition (PPI) and auditory brainstem responses ( ABR s). Both anxiety and cognitive functioning were assessed using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze, respectively. Five weeks after blast exposure, 8 of the 13 blasted rats exhibited chronic tinnitus. While acoustic PPI remained intact and ABR thresholds recovered, the ABR wave P1-N1 amplitude reduction persisted in all blast-exposed rats. No differences in spatial cognition were observed, but blasted rats as a whole exhibited increased anxiety. MEMRI data revealed a bilateral increase in activity along the auditory pathway and in certain limbic regions of rats with tinnitus compared to age-matched controls. Taken together, our data suggest that while blast-induced tinnitus may play a role in auditory and limbic hyperactivity, the non-auditory effects of blast and potential traumatic brain injury may also exert an effect.