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Continuous wave mud pulse transmission is the most widely used information transmission technology in measurement while drilling (MWD). The increase in transmission distance will cause the signal attenuation and deformation during transmission, the affecting exploration efficiency. The waveform change law of continuous mud pulse wave in the process of downhole transmission, this paper establishes a mathematical analysis model, focuses on the modulation form of continuous wave signal, physical mud characteristics, and drill pipe characteristics, and discusses the transmission rules of various characteristics on continuous pressure wave. A simulation system of drill pipe transmission pressure wave is constructed. The transmission characteristics of continuous wave signals under different modulation forms are discussed. The positive correlation between the amplitude attenuation and waveform distortion of pulse signals caused by increased gas holdup in the mud under bubbly flow patterns is analyzed. The numerical calculation and simulation analysis results show that the viscosity frequency characteristic of mud is the main factor affecting the attenuation of continuous wave signal. The surface roughness, size and other physical characteristics of drill pipe can affect the transmission speed and attenuation of signals in long-distance transmission. The signal is prone to distortion at the position of modulation phase change.

The workforce is becoming increasingly heterogeneous in terms of age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, values, cognition, and culture. Thus, team diversity management is regarded as an important development strategy that organizations can use to gain advantages. However, in the diversity literature, empirical studies investigating the effects of cognitive diversity on creativity have not yielded conclusive findings. This has called into question the importance of team cognitive diversity. To address this, we investigate when and how team cognitive diversity fosters individual creativity. Drawing on the categorization-elaboration model (CEM) and literature on Chaxu climate, we develop a multilevel mediated moderation model in which the team Chaxu climate is treated as the moderator and team knowledge sharing is treated as the mediator. Using two-wave paired data collected from 46 teams and 368 members, we find that Chaxu climate mitigates the positive effect of team cognitive diversity on team knowledge sharing. In turn, team knowledge sharing mediates the interaction effect between team cognitive diversity and Chaxu climate on individual creativity. Our study facilitates a shift from an automatic-oriented lens to a contingent-oriented lens by identifying a new contingent factor and advances research on the underlying mechanisms by identifying a new process factor. Ultimately, this study enriches our knowledge on the function of cognitive diversity in the field of business strategy.

Insects’ gut microbiota plays a crucial role in their host selection, adaptation, and plasticity. This study explored the impact of gut bacteria on the adaptation of host selection under different stresses (diverse feeding preferences and no feeding preferences). The seventh instar E. signifer larvae were artificially transferred from the most-selected host E. grandis × E. urophylla (Es) to more preferred hosts, M. apelta (Ma), as well as the non-preferred host, B. papyrifera (Bp). We then obtained the larval gut of three different feeding preference hosts. The gut bacterial DNA was sequenced and analyzed based on 16S rRNA. There were significant differences in the composition of dominant gut bacteria between Es with Ma and Bp, but without significant differences between Ma and Bp. In the process, Burkholderia and Microbacillus with degrading pesticides had significant changes, and Enterococcus with insect gut probiotics also had significant changes. The presence of enterococcus may be one of the main causes of intestinal microbiota changes before and after host transfer. Notably, when the feeding of E. signifer changes, the complex connections that exist between gut bacteria also change. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between the feeding preferences of E. signifer and the metabolic functions of their gut bacteria. This study provided a theoretical basis for the prediction and use of gut bacteria to interfere with the feeding of E. signifer.

The oxidation behavior of welded joints with or without heat-treatment of HT700 alloy was studied in 700 ℃ saturated water vapor with regards to oxidation kinetics, oxide film composition, and microstructure. The results show that the oxide film compositions of the as-welded joints and heat-treated welded joints were basically the same. The oxide film is composed of a small amount of iron oxide, NiCr2O4, and a large amount of Cr2O3 from the outer layer to the inner layer, with a small amount of internal oxidation products Al2O3. At the beginning of the oxidation process, the double layer oxide film grew at the same time, so that the as-welded joint had better performance in the later stage of oxidation. The formation of a continuous internal oxidation layer was later in heat-treated welded joints as compared to the as-welded joint, resulting in a larger thickness of the oxide film. The oxidation behavior of the welded seams in different regions of as-welded state and heat treatment state after welding displayed the following characteristics: small grain size, thin oxide film, and the weld fusion line with thin oxide film.

Endoclita signifer is a prominent wood-boring insect species in eucalyptus plantations in Guangxi, China, causing significant ecological and economic damage. A novel approach to controlling the challenging wood-boring pest involves disrupting the olfactory communication between insects and the volatile compounds emitted by plants. To identify the olfactory proteins contributing to host selection based on 11 GC-EAD-active volatiles from eucalyptus leaves and to discover the highly expressed olfactory proteins, we conducted a study on the antennal transcriptomes of adult E. signifer and screened key olfactory proteins in the antennae. We identified a total of 69 olfactory proteins. When compared to the larval transcriptomes, the antennal transcriptome of adult E. signifer revealed the presence of 17 new odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), including 2 pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs), 7 previously unreported chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 17 new odorant receptors (ORs), 4 new gustatory receptors (GRs), 11 novel ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Through the phylogenetic tree of OBPs and ORs, we identified EsigPBP2 and EsigPBP3 as two of the three PBPs, designated EsigOR13 as EsigOrco, and recognized EsigOR10 and EsigOR22 as the newly discovered EsigPRs in E. signifer. In the adult antennae, the expression levels of EsigGOBP14, EsigGOBP13, EsigOBP14, EsigOBP17, EsigCSP14, and EsigOR16 were notably high, indicating that these proteins could be pivotal in binding to plant volatiles.

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of a firm as one of the critical factors to improve the competitiveness of the firm in today’s aggressive market environment. The influence of corporate social responsibility on brand loyalty and brand image, which distinguishes the firm from other competitors, was evaluated in the study. Data from 364 consumers were collected through adapted and structured questionnaires for the period from August 2018 to December 2018. The respondents were selected through convenience sampling to generate the responses of individual online consumers who buy luxury goods online. The sample size of 364 was taken from a simple random table with a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence level. SEM-based multivariate approaches such as structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were employed, and SmartPLS 3.0 software was used for the data evaluation. The results indicate that the firm’s CSR initiatives have a significant and positive impact on brand loyalty and brand image. The study undertaken has several theoretical and practical implications which could provide the basic foundations and conceptual framework for future studies, and it offers strategic directions for the senior managers of firms to plan CSR initiatives that can enhance the brand loyalty of their brands and also increase corporate reputation, all of which are beneficial to remain competitive in today’s business arena.

Cable fire in utility tunnel commonly cause severe economic lost. This work experimentally investigates influence of cable inclination angle and longitudinal ventilation on temperature distribution during cable fire in utility tunnel. The position of the maximum ceiling temperature is located near the fire source. The position of the maximum ceiling temperature shifts with the increase of the wind speed. When the wind speed is less than 0.45 m/s, the maximum ceiling temperature increases with the increase of wind speed. When the wind speed is greater than 0.45 m/s, the conclusion is opposite. The dimensionless temperature rise and the longitudinal distance accord well with the attenuation law of power-exponential function. In the area between the cable bearer and the fan, larger wind speed corresponds to faster decay of the dimensionless temperature rise. In the area between the cable bearer and the outlet, the conclusion is opposite. The position of the maximum ceiling temperature is independent of the cable inclination angle. When the cable inclination angle is less than 15°, the maximum ceiling temperature increases with the increase of the cable inclination angle. When the cable inclination angle is greater than 15°, the conclusion is opposite.

Endoclita signifer larvae show olfactory recognition towards volatiles of eucalyptus trunks and humus soils. Further, EsigGOBP1 was identified through larval head transcriptome and speculated as the main odorant-binding proteins in E. signifer larvae. In this study, the highest expression of EsigGOBP1 was only expressed in the heads of 3rd instar larvae of E. signifer, compared with the thorax and abdomen; this was consistent with the phenomenon of habitat transfer of 3rd instar larvae, indicating that EsigGOBP1 was a key OBP gene in E. signifer larvae. Results of fluorescence competition binding assays (FCBA) showed that EsigGOBP1 had high binding affinities to eight GC-EAD active ligands. Furthermore, screening of key active odorants for EsigGOBP1 and molecular docking analysis, indicated that EsigGOBP1 showed high binding activity to alpha-phellandrene in 3rd instar larvae of E. signifer. Conformational analysis of the EsigGOBP1-alpha-phellandrene complex, showed that MET49 and GLU38 were the key sites involved in binding. These results demonstrated that EsigGOBP1 is a key odorant-binding protein in E. signifer larvae, which recognizes and transports eight key volatiles from eucalyptus trunk, especially the main eucalyptus trunks volatile, alpha-phellandrene. Taken together, our results showed that EsigGOBP1 is involved in host selection of E. signifer larvae, which would aid in developing EsigGOBP1 as molecular targets for controlling pests at the larval stage.

There are no agreements among scientists in terms of relationships between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Corporate Identity and Corporate Image (CI), Corporate Reputation (CR), and Corporate Brand (CB), and their mutual impacts as well the definition of these constructs cause a lot of scientific debates among scholars. The paper analyses the relationship between CSR, Corporate Image, Corporate Reputation and Corporate Brand and their outcomes linked to the financial and other benefits of the firm and society. The main studies that are dealing with this subject were analysed, and the theoretical model that is linking these constructs was developed. The proposed model can be used for carrying empirical studies in specific industries and branches of the economy in order to assess the main measures to increase Corporate Reputation and maximise its outcomes

The development of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiative is formed by several cultural, economic, social, political and institutional factors which have an impact on setting the priorities and advancement of CSR practices. The aim of this study is to assess CSR performance at the country level. In order to achieve this aim, the main drivers and barriers of CSR initiatives were identified and systematized based on literature review. The policies to address these barriers were analysed and discussed. The framework for the assessment of CSR performance was developed based on the analysis and assessment of the quality of political-regulatory, economic and social environment, implemented public policies to promote CSR and successes that were achieved by countries in implementing recommendations for public policy advancement. The indicators from Venture Capital and Private Equity Country Attractiveness Index, CSR policies areas reviews and EU recommendations for the improvement of public policies linked to the CSR were applied for assessing the CSR performance. The empirical analysis and the assessment of CSR performance in the Baltic States was performed based on the developed framework and policy recommendations that were developed for other countries, taking into account the priorities of “The Belt and Road” project that was initiated by the Chinese government and aiming at sustainable development and global risk mitigation.

The empirical study was conducted in the three selected Balkan Countries from former Yugoslavia: Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro through totally 270 experts’ surveys, 90 questionnaires were distributed to entrepreneurs (30), policy makers (30) and experts from academia (30) in each country in order to assess the CSR level in the country and the effect the main drivers having on CSR level, then followed by the assessment of CSR impacts on Corporate Reputation (CR). The model of multivariate regression was developed for assessment of the impact of the four independent variables (Institutional Environment, Executive Characteristics, Customers’ Expectations and Political Factors) on dependent variable–CSR. The study also analysed the impact of CSR (dependent variable) on CR. The obtained results show that countries with the higher level of CSR, have achieved the greater level of CR. The degree of the impact of the main drivers on CSR in selected Balkan countries is linked to EU accession level. The political factor has the highest impact on CSR level in all investigated countries, institutional environment is the next.

Background: With the increased range of medical insurance coverage in China, the proportion of medical expenditure shouldered by individuals is declining. The problem is the rapidly growing scale of medical expenditures challenges the sustainability of medical insurance funds.Methods: This study used the Heckman selection model, survival analysis, and ordered probit model to evaluate the effect of medical insurance on the expenditures in outpatient and inpatient health care, survival time, and improvement of self-rated health of test subjects, respectively.Results: Medical insurance exerts a differential effect on the expenditures in outpatient and inpatient health care. On average, the expenditures in outpatient and inpatient health care of test subjects participating in premium health insurance plans increased by 38.6% and 72.6%, respectively. Participation in medical insurance plans exhibits no significant correlation with the survival time of test subjects, but their self-rated health shows a significant correlation (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Although medical insurance does not significantly reduce mortality or prolong the survival time of test subjects, it improves their health status. This study suggests that the Chinese government should eliminate deductible medical insurance payments and utilize medical resources on minor ailment treatment and disease prevention to improve the health status of people.

The steam oxidation behavior of three heterogeneous HR3C alloys was investigated at 650 °C comparatively. After a long-term oxidation process for 1000 h, the results demonstrated that the commercial HR3C alloy already exhibited a high oxidation resistance. However, the spallation resistance of the oxide scale was low during the initial oxidation period. The addition of a moderate amount of Nb into the alloy (1#HR3C) increased the oxidation resistance of the alloy. In addition, the improvement of the microstructural stability was substantially influenced by solid solution strengthening and fine grain strengthening. However, the addition of excessive Nb could significantly affect the growth model of the oxide scale and negatively affect the oxidation performance and microstructural evolution of the alloy (2#HR3C).

This paper aims at developing the theoretical framework for linking the CSR of energy utilities with sustainable energy development achievements and at applying this framework in selected countries. The main issues of CSR relevant to the energy sector are discussed, and a comparative analysis of CSR reports of energy utilities and sustainable energy development trends in the Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) is performed based on the developed framework. There are three main interlinked sustainable energy development targets: increase in energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy sources, and GHG emission reduction. The significance of CSR in the energy sector is underlined based on the literature review, and the state policies to promote CSR in the energy sector are discussed and critically assessed based on the case studies of three Baltic States. The CSR practices of energy utilities of the Baltic States were assessed and compared with sustainable energy development achievements in these countries, based on the analysis of sustainable energy development trends. Estonia achieved the best results in approaching all sustainable energy development targets and was ranked with the highest scores in CSR ranking among the Baltic States, followed by Lithuania. The results of the case studies demonstrate that the Baltic countries have achieved different results in sustainable energy development progress, and the role of energy utilities and their corporate sustainability practices may have huge impacts on the achievement of sustainable energy development targets.

A detailed study and analysis of previous research has been carried out to illustrate the relationships between a range of environmental emergencies, and their effects on the emotional state of the rescuers involved in responding to them, by employing Pub Med, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI and Scopus for required information with the several keywords "emergency rescue", "occupational safety", "natural disaster", "emotional management". The effect of the rescuers' emotion on their occupational safety and immediate and long-term emotional behavior is then considered. From these considerations, we suggested four research propositions related to the emotional effects at both individual and group levels, and to the responsibilities of emergency response agencies in respect of ensuring the psychological and physical occupational safety of rescuers during and after environmental emergencies. An analysis framework is proposed which could be used to study the influence paths of these different aspects of emotional impact on a range of occupational safety issues for rescue workers. The authors believe that the conclusions drawn in this paper can provide a useful theoretical reference for decision-making related to the management and protection of the occupational safety of rescuers responding to natural disasters and environmental emergencies.

Accelerating the popularization and application of new energy vehicles (NEVs) is one of the important measures for the transportation industry to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction targets. The "dual carbon goal" (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality) further clarifies the NEVs as the direction of the automobile industry and presents more requests for the transportation. Aiming at the problems of uneven development of the new energy vehicle market and imbalance of supply and demand in the integrated market, a tripartite evolutionary game model was constructed based on the evolutionary game theory. In this model, the MATLAB simulation experiments is applied to explore the interaction mechanism among the government, automobile manufacturing enterprises and consumers under the dual credit policy, and the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) of the model was obtained in this study. The results demonstrate that under the dual credit policy (corporate average fuel consumption and new energy vehicle credits), the results of the behaviour evolution game of the government, automobile manufacturers and consumers tend to choose the strategy of "strict regulation, production of NEVs, purchase of NEVs". At the same time, the cost of strict government regulation, the profit from reducing carbon emissions, the fact that small companies have to pay the government for producing fuel vehicles, and the profit consumers derive from taking a positive attitude are important factors affecting tripartite decision-making. The conclusions obtained in this study offer significantly references for targets for saving energy and reducing emissions and carbon neutrality in the transportation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tire acoustic cavity resonance (TACR) noise is one kind of low-frequency and narrowband noise that particularly annoys passengers, especially becomes more prominent in electric vehicles. This paper demonstrates a numerical investigation on the TACR noise via the acoustic-structural coupling finite element model. The accuracy of this coupling finite element model is validated both by the analytic method based on the superposition theory of traveling waves and experimental modal tests of tire cavities. According to the simulated models, the influences of external factors including the inflation pressure and road load on the TACR noise are studied. Meanwhile, as the main constituent component in the tire model, the effect of belt cord is also discussed. To design the low-TACR noise tire, various design parameters of the inner contour in tire cavity are analyzed. By the orthogonal test and range analysis, it is found that the contour parameters can slightly affect the modal frequency and sound pressure of TACR noise. Among these, the curvature radius of the tire shoulder ρ 4 , tire sidewall ρ 5 , and half-section height H have a more obvious influence on the TACR noise than the curvature radius of the tire crown region ρ 2 and transition region ρ 3 . Meanwhile, it also illustrates that increasing the curvature radius at the tire shoulder ρ 4 and reducing the half-section height H has a reduction effect on the TACR noise. This study can contribute to the design of low road noise tires.