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Abstract C–C coupling is of utmost importance in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2, as it governs the selectivity of diverse product formation. Nevertheless, the difficulties to directly observe C–C coupling pathways at a specific nanocavity hinder the advances in catalysts and electrolyzer design for efficient high-value hydrocarbon production. Here we develop a nano-confined Raman technology to elucidate the influence of the local electric field on the evolution of C–C coupling intermediates. Through precise adjustments to the Debye length in nanocavities of a copper catalyst, the overlapping of electrical double layers drives a transition in the C–C coupling pathway at a specific nanocavity from *CHO–*CO coupling to the direct dimerization of *CO species. Experimental evidence and simulations validate that a reduced potential drop across the compact layer promotes a higher yield of CO and promotes the direct dimerization of *CO species. Our findings provide insights for the development of highly selective catalyst materials tailored to promote specific products.

Abstract Background It is well known that asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gout play an important role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effect of uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT) on the prognosis of CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia remains controversial. Therefore, we aim to investigate the influence of ULT on renal outcomes in these patients. Methods Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), and the Cochrane Library, up until January 2024. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of ULT on renal outcomes in CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Results A total of 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo or no treatment, ULT preserved the loss of estimated glomerular filtrating rate (eGFR) (Weighted mean difference [WMD] and its 95% confidence intercal(CI): 2.07 [0.15,3.98] mL/min/1.73m2) at long-term subgroup. At the same time, short-term subgroup also proved the preserved loss of eGFR (WMD 5.74[2.09, 9.39] mL/min/1.73m2). Compared with placebo or no treatment, ULT also reduced the increase in serum creatinine (Scr) at short-term (WMD -44.48[-84.03,-4.92]μmol/L) subgroup and long-term (WMD -46.13[-65.64,-26.62]μmol/L) subgroup. ULT was associated with lower incidence of the events of doubling of Scr without dialysis (relative risk (RR) 0.32 [0.21, 0.49], p

Abstract The Lhasa‐Qiangtang collision closed the Meso‐Tethys Ocean, but the exact timing of this event remains hotly debated. Here, we present geochronological and paleomagnetic analyses conducted on Cretaceous volcanics from western Qiangtang to constrain the Lhasa‐Qiangtang collision in western Tibet. Our investigations yield a paleolatitude of ∼30.5 ± 5.0°N for western Qiangtang during ca. 110–100 Ma. A reanalysis of previously acquired Mesozoic‐Cenozoic paleomagnetic data from western Qiangtang suggests a stationary position during ca. 136–34 Ma. Examination of paleomagnetic data from western Lhasa reveals a significant reduction in northward paleolatitudinal motion during the Early Cretaceous, dropping from ∼12.3 cm/yr to nearly zero. Integration of our paleomagnetic findings with available geological records has led to conclude that the Lhasa‐Qiangtang collision in western Tibet occurred at ca. 132 Ma. Additionally, we infer that crustal shortening on the order of ∼1,000 km happened between Lhasa and Qiangtang during the Early Cenozoic.

TGF-β/Smad signaling plays a vital role in the development of fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, remedies targeting key elements in TGF-β/Smad signaling are lacking. Here, we found that TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFBR1), a key protein in TGF-β/Smad signaling, was upregulated in kidney from diabetic mice and patients with DKD. Induction of TGFBR1 was regulated by microRNA-10a and -10b (miR-10a/b) by a post-transcriptional mechanism. Furthermore, the decreased XRN2, an exoribonuclease, was identified to contribute to affecting miR-10a/b maturation in vitro. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DKD mice, preventing the reduction of miR-10a/b in the kidney by an in situ lentivirus-injection method attenuated collagen deposition and foot process effacement, whereas deprivation of miR-10a/b aggravated renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, manipulating miR-10a/b in the kidney influenced TGFBR1 protein expression, TGF-β/Smad signaling activation, and downstream pro-fibrotic genes expression including fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In a cohort of patients diagnosed DKD, renal miR-10a/b expressions were downregulated, whereas both TGFBR1 and fibrosis were enhanced. Our finding suggests that overexpressing miR-10a/b in kidney may be a promising method for the treatment of fibrosis in DKD.

Members of the morphologically and ecologically diverse Blattellidae provide a dilemma: their systematic assignment, whether morphologically similar or different, is uncertain. We pay special attention to several taxa: the morphologically similar Episymploce Bey-Bienko, 1950 and Symploce Hebard, 1916, which were strongly disputed because of their extremely similar generic diagnosis in the past century, and one brachypterous species of Blattella Caudell, 1903, which can be easily distinguished from other macropterous members, but is at risk of being misassigned to other genera on the basis of morphological characters. We address the phylogeny of Blattellidae using DNA sequences (mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COII, nuclear 28S rRNA, histone H3) from a broad sample of taxa. A new genus (Centrocolumna gen. nov.) and four new species (Centrocolumna ericea sp. nov., Symploce nigra sp. nov., Symploce tubercularis sp. nov., Blattella foliolata sp. nov.) are established on the basis of morphological characters combined with the molecular data. The phylogenetic results indicate the relationships ((Episymploce + Blattella) + Centrocolumna gen. nov.) + Symploce. Furthermore, we delimited the taxonomic status of 12 new combinations, which involve Centrocolumna gen. nov., Episymploce, Symploce, and Blattella.

Abstract Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is among the most widely applied analytical techniques due to its easy execution and extreme sensitivity. Target molecules can be detected and distinguished based upon the fingerprint spectra that arise when absorbed on the SERS substrates surface, particularly on the SERS‐active hotspots. Thus, rational fabricating the enhancing substrates plays a key role in broadening SERS application. Programmable DNA functionalized plasmonic nanoassemblies, where DNA acts as both structure basis and functional unit, combine the specificity of DNA recognition, and modulate the assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically designed DNA not only improves the selectivity to target molecules but also promotes the sensitivity of the optical signals through precisely regulating the distance between the molecule and the substrate. A variety of DNA‐functionalized SERS sensors have been reported and obtained well performance in the analysis of heavy metal ions in water, toxins, pesticide residues, antibiotics, hormones, illicit drugs, or other small molecules. This review places an emphasis on the design and sensing strategies of the DNA‐functionalized plasmonic nanoassemblies, as well as basic principles of Raman enhancement, and recent advances for environmental analysis. The current challenges and potential trends in the development of DNA‐functionalized SERS sensors for environmental pollutant monitoring in complicated scenarios are subsequently discussed.

Lithium (Li) has grown to be a strategic key metal due to the enormous demand for the development of new energy industries over the world. As one of the most significant sources of Li resources, pegmatite-type Li deposits hold a large share of the mining market. In recent years, several large and super-large spodumene (Spd)-rich pegmatite deposits have been discovered successively in the Hoh-Xil–Songpan-Garzê (HXSG) orogenic belt of the northern Tibetan Plateau, indicative of the great Li prospecting potential of this belt. Hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS), as a rapidly developing exploration technology, is especially sensitive to the identification of alteration minerals, and has made important breakthroughs in porphyry copper deposit exploration. However, due to the small width of the pegmatite dykes and the lack of typical alteration zones, the ability of HRS in the exploration of Li-rich pegmatite deposits remains to be explored. In this study, Li-rich pegmatite anomalies were directly extracted from ZY1-02D hyperspectral imagery in the Zhawulong (ZWL) area of western Sichuan, China, using target detection techniques including Adaptive Cosine Estimator (ACE), Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), and SAM with BandMax (SAMBM). Further, the Li-rich anomalies were superimposed with the distribution of pegmatite dykes delineated based on GF-2 high-resolution imagery. Our final results accurately identified the known range of Spd pegmatite dykes and further predicted two new exploration target areas. The approaches used in this study could be easily extended to other potential mineralization areas to discover new rare metal pegmatite deposits on the Tibetan Plateau.

Herniated lumbar disc is a common and frequently-occurring disease in clinical practice. In recent years, the incidence rate of herniated lumbar disc has increased and that become younger, which has a negative impact on the life and work of patients. The clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)rehabilitation for herniated lumbar disc based on evidence-based medicine are of great significance and will help standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques of TCM and achieve better curative effects. This guideline standardizes the diagnosis and treatment process of herniated lumbar disc from the aspects of scope, terminology and definition, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation, treatment and nursing, in order to provide guidance and reference for re-levant clinicians such as orthopedics and traumatology department of TCM, orthopedics department of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion department, massage department, rehabilitation department, etc.①The diagnosis part: the diagnosis starts from six aspects of medical history, symptoms and signs, imaging examination, diagnosis points, differential diagnosis, and syndrome diagnosis, reflecting the characteristics and advantages of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment.②Rehabilitation assessment: it mainly includes pain assessment, functional impairment assessment, neuromuscular function assessment.③Treatment: it is mainly divided into two parts: non-drug therapy and drug therapy, and the indications and recommended levels of various treatment methods were described in detail. Non-drug therapy mainly includes health education, kinesio therapy, mani-pulation, traction, acupuncture, massage, physical factor therapy, mental health therapy, etc. Drug therapy mainly includes TCM syndrome differentiation treatment, drug therapy(oral medicine, sacral canal closure therapy, epidural injection therapy)and other aspects.④Nursing: it mainly includes diet nursing, daily life nursing, emotional nursing. The guideline could provide guidance for rehabilitation practitioners of different levels and kinds of rehabilitation institutions, traditional Chinese medicine hospitals or general hospitals to carry out rehabilitation treatment of TCM for herniated lumbar disc with good clinical applicability and effectiveness.

Cervical spondylosis is a disease in which degenerative changes of the cervical intervertebral disc and its secondary pathological changes involve a series of clinical manifestations. It is one of the common clinical diseases and the frequently-occurring diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) rehabilitation is one of the effective ways to improve its clinical symptoms and prevent recurrence. In order to standardize the operating of TCM rehabilitation for cervical spondylosis and guide the clinical practice, the expert group composed the Clinical Practice Guidelines in Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation-Cervical Spondylosis (Xiangbi). Based on evidence-based medicine concepts and methods, with expert consensus and argumentation, and clinical evaluation and other evidences, in accordance with the clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines and reporting rules, this guide is suitable for various types of rehabilitation institutions in China, and for other TCM hospitals or for rehabilitation departments of general hospitals etc. The guideline is of importance for applicability and effectiveness. It will provide standardized diagnosis and treatment procedures for TCM rehabilitation treatment, and provide reliable evidence for the practice of cervical spondylosis clinical decision-making.

On July 3, 2015, An earthquake （MS6.5） occurred near Pishan county （37.6°N, 78.2°E）, Hotan Prefecture Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, with a focal depth of 10 km. Using UAV remote sensing images and field investigation information, seismic damage information in the disaster area is extracted. Seismic intensity remote sensing quantitative assessment method is used to evaluate earthquake intensity in the disaster area. The results show that the remote sensing assessment method for seismic intensity of multi-structure types of buildings in Xinjiang has been improved by combining the real data of earthquake field investigation. The results of remote sensing assessment of seismic intensity in Pishan earthquake-stricken area are consistent with the results of field investigation, and the seismic intensity in this area is consistent with that in Pishan earthquake intensity map published by China Earthquake Administration. The improvement of this method can serve for the future remote sensing assessment of seismic intensity, and provide a basis for the application of the UAV remote sensing technology in Xinjiang in the future.

Abstract Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza virus is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in virus replication and virulence. In this study, an acetylation modification was identified at the K108 residue of the NS1 protein of H1N1 influenza virus. To further explore the function of the K108 acetylation modification of the NS1 protein, a deacetylation-mimic mutation (K108R) and a constant acetylation-mimic mutation (K108Q) were introduced into the NS1 protein in the background of A/WSN/1933 H1N1 (WSN), resulting in two mutant viruses (WSN-NS1-108R and WSN-NS1-108Q). In vitro and mouse studies showed that the deacetylation-mimic mutation K108R in the NS1 protein attenuated the replication and virulence of WSN-NS1-108R, while the constant acetylation-mimic mutant virus WSN-NS1-108Q showed similar replication and pathogenicity as the wild-type WSN virus (WSN-wt). The results indicated that acetylation at K108 of the NS1 protein has an important role in the replication and virulence of influenza virus. To further explore the potential mechanism, the type I interferon (IFN-I) antagonistic activity of the three NS1 proteins (NS1-108Q, NS1-108R, and NS1-wt) was compared in cells, which showed that the K108R mutation significantly attenuated the IFN-β antagonistic activity of the NS1 protein compared with NS1-wt and NS1-108Q. Both NS1-wt and NS1-108Q inhibited the IFN-β response activated by RIG-I CARD domain, MAVS, TBK1, and IRF3 more efficiently than the NS1-108R protein in cells. Taken together, the results indicated that acetylation at NS1 K108 is important for the IFN antagonistic activity of the NS1 protein and virulence of the influenza virus.

Abstract In Western Himalayan Syntaxis, the India‐Asia continental collision occurred at ca. 50 Ma, while its uplift history and exhumation mechanism are still in dispute despite decades of studies. A new type of eclogite was found in Naran, located ca. 30 km southwest of the Upper Kaghan Valley. Phase equilibrium calculations and thermobarometer performed on the Naran eclogite documented the peak‐P metamorphic condition of 720–780°C at 2.4–2.8 GPa. Two further exhumation stages were identified with the first one at high‐P granulite‐facies conditions of 750–800°C at 1.6–1.9 GPa, and the second at amphibolite‐facies conditions of 550–630°C at 0.5–0.8 GPa. SIMS U‐Pb dating of metamorphic zircons yielded an age of 46 ± 2 Ma, which is interpreted to constrain the high‐P metamorphism age along the northwestern margin of the Indian plate. SIMS U‐Pb dating of rutile yielded a cooling age of 26 ± 3 Ma, which is interpreted as cooling age in the amphibolite facies. The average speculated exhumation rate of the Naran massif (∼3 mm a−1) was much lower than that recovered from the Upper Kaghan Valley massif (86–143 mm a−1). The tectonic and metamorphic evolution of the whole Western Himalayan Syntaxis shows the difference in temporal and spatial change within the Paleogene era, indicating the inconsistent exhumation histories of the continental slices. Such a multi‐slice exhumation process was probably related to the closure of the Neo‐Tethys ocean and the break‐off of the Indian lithospheric slab.

Soil waterlogging is one of the most serious abiotic stresses on plant growth and crop productivity. In this study, two potassium application levels (0 and 150 kg K2O hm−2) with three types of soil waterlogging treatments (0 d, 3 d and 6 d) were established during cotton flowering and boll-forming stages. The results showed that soil waterlogging markedly reduced RWC (relative water content), gas exchange parameters and cotton biomass. However, potassium application considerably improved the aforementioned parameters. Specifically, 3 d soil waterlogging with potassium increased Pn (net photosynthetic rate), Gs (stomatal conductance), Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration) and Tr (transpiration rate) by 4.55%, 27.27%, 5.74% and 3.82%, respectively, compared with 3 d soil waterlogging under no potassium, while the abscission rate reduced by 2.96%. Additionally, the number of bolls and fruit nodes under 6 d soil waterlogging with potassium increased by 16.17% and 4.38%, compared with 6 d soil waterlogging under no potassium. Therefore, it was concluded that regardless of 3 d or 6 d soil waterlogging, potassium application alleviated the negative effects of waterlogging by regulating the plant water status, photosynthetic capacity and plant growth in cotton. These results are expected to provide theoretical references and practical applications for cotton production to mitigate the damage of soil waterlogging.

Background: Dyslipidemia is commonly observed in various kidney diseases, renal specific secreted erythropoietin (EPO) may participate in this process. However, how this process is regulated remains elusive. Method: Dyslipidemia was evaluated in chronic kidney disease and ischemia kidney injury animal model. Primary cultured adipocytes were harvested to investigate the lipid metabolic effect of EPO. Lipidemia was evaluated in EPO treated animals. Blood samples from cardiac surgery-induced kidney injury patient were collected to assess correlationship between EPO and lipidemia. Findings: We found a decrease in secreted EPO and hypertriglyceridemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) mice. In contrast, in renal ischemia animal model, increased EPO triggered by hypoxia signaling activation, was accompanied by decreased triglyceride (TG) in serum. Mechanistically, circulating EPO modulated JAK2-STAT5 signaling, which in turn enhanced lipid catabolism in peripheral adipose tissue and contributed to dysregulated lipidemia. Delivering of recombinant EPO into both wild type and CKD mice suppressed TG in serum by accelerating lipid catabolism in adipose tissue. In a cohort of patients diagnosed with acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, the decreased TG and cholesterol negatively correlated with increased EPO in serum. Interpretation: This study depicted a new mechanism by which renal secreted EPO controlled lipidemia in kidney diseases including chronic kidney disease. Circulating EPO stimulated lipid catabolism by targeting JAK2-STATA5 signaling in peripheral adipose tissue, providing new therapeutic target for dyslipidemia treatment. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81700640 and 81970608). Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Erythropoietin, Kidney disease, Lipid catabolism, Adipose tissue

One of the main achievements of metamaterials research has been the development of structured matter exhibiting optical magnetism: first, in an array of microwave split-ring resonators and, soon after, in plasmonic and dielectric metamaterials at THz to visible frequencies. We show here that metamaterial structuring is not necessary to achieve optical magnetic response. Indeed, such a response is an essential characteristic of homogeneous dielectric thin films—Fabry–Pérot resonances, for example, depend on interference among electromagnetic multipoles including the magnetic dipole.

As an indirect semiconductor, silicon shows notoriously inefficient luminescence. Here, the authors utilize the Mie resonances in silicon nanoparticles to demonstrate visible white-light emission, both from free-standing spheres and particles etched on a silicon-on-insulator substrate.

Protoparvoviruses, widespread among cats and wild animals, are responsible for leukopenia. Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) in domestic cats is genetically diverse and some strains may differ from those used for vaccination. The presence of FPLV in two domestic cats from Hebei Province in China was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Samples from these animals were used to isolate FPLV strains in CRFK cells for genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare our isolates with available sequences of FPLV, mink parvovirus (MEV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). The isolated strains were closely related to strains of FPLV/MEV isolated in the 1960s. Our analysis also revealed that the evolutionary history of FPLV and MEV is characterized by local adaptations in the Vp2 gene. Thus, it is likely that new FPLV strains are emerging to evade the anti-FPLV immune response.

Cathepsin L (CTSL) has been proved to help contain leishmaniasis and mycoplasma infection in mice by supporting cellular immune responses, but the regulatory functions of CTSL on mucosal immune responses haven't been tested and remain undefined. Here, we investigated the effects of CTSL on SIgA responses and invariant chain (Ii) degradations in the co-cultured swine dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells system in vitro. When the cells system were transfected with vector CTSL-GFP or incubated with recombinant CTSL (rCTSL) before they were infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hp), SIgA significantly increased and Ii chain was degraded into smaller intermediates, while SIgA decreased when CTSL was knockdown or inhibited with E64. To confirm the SIgA responses promoted by CTSL contribute to the resistance to mycoplasma pneumonia, pigs injected with rCTSL before they were challenged with M.hp, showed milder clinical symptoms and histopathological damage of lungs, less mycoplasma burden together with higher secretion of SIgA, percentages of CD4+ T cells and level of MHC II molecules comparing with the group without rCTSL. Collectively, these results suggested that rCTSL could provide effective protection for piglets against mycoplasma pneumonia by enhancing M.hp-specific mucosal immune responses through its role in antigen presentation by processing the invariant chain.

A highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) appeared in China and spread rapidly to neighbor countries, which have led to great economic losses to the pig industry. In the present study, we isolated a PEDV using Vero cells and serially propagated 100 passages. PEDV SDSX16 was characterized in vitro and in vivo. The viral titers increased to 107.6 TCID50/mL (100th) by serial passages. The spike (S) gene and the whole gene of the SDSX16 virus was fully sequenced to assess the genetic stability and relatedness to previously identified PEDV. Along with successive passage in vitro, there were 18 nucleotides (nt) deletion occurred in the spike (S) gene resulting in a deletion of six amino acids when the SDSX16 strain was passaged to the 64th generation, and this deletion was stable until the P100. However, the ORF1a/b, M, N, E, and ORF3 genes had only a few point mutations in amino acids and no deletions. According to growth kinetics experiments, the SDSX16 deletion strain significantly enhanced its replication in Vero cells since it was passaged to the 64th generation. The animal studies showed that PEDV SDSX16-P10 caused more severe diarrhea and vomiting, fecal shedding, and acute atrophic enteritis than SDSX16-P75, indicating that SDSX16-P10 is enteropathogenic in the natural host, and the pathogenicity of SDSX16 decreased with successive passage in vitro. However, SDSX16-P10 was found to cause lower levels of cytokine expression than SDSX16-P75 using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, such as IL1β, IL6, IFN-β, TNF-α, indicating that SDSX16-P10 might inhibit the expression of cytokines. Our data indicated that successive passage in vitro resulted in virulent attenuation in vivo of the PEDV variant strain SDSX16.

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is one of the most important known viral respiratory pathogens of both young and adult cattle. It is also named “heat stress in transport”, causing morbidity and mass death. New variants of BPIV3 have been detected or isolated in China since 2008. Here, we isolate one BPIV3 strain (named BPIV3 BJ) in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells from nasal samples collected in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that our isolate is related to BPIV3 of the genotype A. The comparison of BPIV3-BJ and the reference Chinese isolate NM09 showed that these strains are highly divergent. We found many differences in the amino acid composition in the nucleocapsid (NP) protein among these genotype A strains. Since the NP protein has been implicated in immunization studies, our BPIV3 isolate will be useful for the development of immune assays and vaccine studies. The diversity of BPIV3 lineages that we found in China indicated ongoing evolution for immune escape. Our study highlights the importance of genetic surveillance for determining the effect of BPIV3 variability on pathogen evolution and population-scale immunity.

New antiviral therapy for pandemic influenza mediated by the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) is increasingly in demand not only for the poultry industry but also for public health. Aptamers are confirmed to be promising candidates for treatment and prevention of influenza viral infections. Thus, we studied two DNA aptamers, A9 and B4, selected by capillary electrophoresis-based systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX) procedure using H9N2 AIV purified haemagglutinin (HA) as target. Both aptamers had whole-virus binding affinity. Also, an enzyme-linked aptamer assay (ELAA) confirmed binding affinity and specificity against other AIV subtypes. Finally, we studied aptamer-inhibitory effects on H9N2 AIV infection in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and quantified viral load in supernatant and in cell with quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our data provide a foundation for future development of innovative anti-influenza drugs.

Three different dosing modes, including one single dosing mode and two sequential dosing modes, were applied in high-arsenic contaminated water treatment. The results illustrated that the As (V) soluble and the As (V) nonspecifically sorbed were the insignificant species from Fe-As (V) samples in the sequential dosing mode, while they were higher in the single dosing mode. However, it could be further concluded that the mobility of the Fe-As (V) in sequential dosing mode was greater than that in single dosing mode. Besides, the main arsenic speciation governing the arsenic-borne coagulates was the As (V) associated with poorly crystalline hydrous oxides of Fe in sequential or single dosing mode. Moreover, the particle size distribution analysis indicated that the sequential dosing mode was more prevalent in neutralizing and adsorbing the As (V) compared with the single dosing mode. In the FT-IR spectra, the presence of arsenic was highlighted by a well resolved band at 825–829 cm−1. The positions of the As–O stretching vibration bands were shifted gradually as the dosing mode changed from the single to the sequential. This result could be related to the distribution of arsenic speciation in different dosing modes.

Abstract Background The golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is an economically significant warm-water aquaculture species in China. The time required for sexual maturity of T. ovatus is relatively long. Consequently, it has prompted researchers to investigate gonadal development process of this fish. To gain further insight into the function of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in the gonads of T. ovatus and the regulatory mechanism of the ceRNA network, whole transcriptome libraries were constructed from the testes and ovaries. Results Overall, a total of 96 differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNAs), 2,338 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DE-mRNAs), 973 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs), and 94 differentially expressed circular RNAs (DE-circRNAs) were identified. Additionally, a ceRNA network was constructed, and enrichment analysis confirmed the involvement of numerous pathways in reproduction and gonadal development, including the TGF-β signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway. The ceRNA network analysis revealed that the oni-let-7d-1-p3 and PC-3p-112794_13 may play significant roles in T. ovatus gonadal development. And we have observed a possible relationship related to gonadal development involving R-spondin-1 (Rspo1), oni-let-7d-1-p3, and MSTRG.14909.1 (lnc-TGFβR). Dual-luciferase gene reporter system and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses preliminary verified the regulation relationship between Rspo1 and oni-let-7d-1-p3, as well as lnc-TGFβR and oni-let-7d-1-p3 in the cytoplasm of sertoli cells. Conclusion It is hypothesized that the lnc-TGFβR functions as a sponge for oni-let-7d-1-p3, participating in regulating the process of testis development. These findings could enhance our understanding of ncRNAs in gonadal development. It also provides new insight into the function of ncRNAs and the regulatory relationship of ceRNA between males and females. These results might contribute to discussions on the regulation of ncRNA during gametogenesis.

Abstract Seed size, a key determinant of rice yield, is regulated by brassinosteroid (BR); however, the BR pathway in rice has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the quantitative trait locus Rice Big Grain 1 (qRBG1) from single-segment substitution line Z499. Our data show that qRBG1 Z is an unselected rare promoter variation that reduces qRBG1 expression to increase cell number and size, resulting in larger grains, whereas qRBG1 overexpression causes smaller grains in recipient Nipponbare. We demonstrate that qRBG1 encodes a non-canonical BES1 (Bri1-EMS-Suppressor1)/BZR1(Brassinazole-Resistant1) family member, OsBZR5, that regulates grain size upon phosphorylation by OsGSK2 (GSK3-like Kinase2) and binding to D2 (DWARF2) and OFP1 (Ovate-Family-Protein1) promoters. qRBG1 interacts with OsBZR1 to synergistically repress D2, and to antagonistically mediate OFP1 for grain size. Our results reveal a regulatory network controlling grain size via OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 module, providing a target for improving rice yield.

Utilizing multi-band and multi-carrier techniques enhances throughput and capacity in Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced and 5G New Radio (NR) mobile networks. However, these techniques introduce Passive Inter-Modulation (PIM) interference in Frequency-Division Duplexing (FDD) systems. In this paper, a novel multi-band Wiener-Hammerstein model is presented to digitally reconstruct PIM interference signals, thereby achieving effective PIM Cancellation (PIMC) in multi-band scenarios. In the model, transmitted signals are independently processed to simulate Inter-Modulation Distortions (IMDs) and Cross-Modulation Distortions (CMDs). Furthermore, the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter, basis function generation, and B-spline function are applied for precise PIM product estimation and generation in multi-band scenarios. Simulations involving 4 carrier components from diverse NR frequency bands at varying transmitting powers validate the feasibility of the model for multi-band PIMC, achieving up to 19 dB in PIMC performance. Compared to other models, this approach offers superior PIMC performance, exceeding them by more than 5 dB in high transmitting power scenarios. Additionally, its lower sampling rate requirement reduces the hardware complexity associated with implementing multi-band PIMC.

IntroductionCitrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a threat to the citrus production and causes severe economic losses to the citrus industry. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) play important roles in plant growth and stress responses. Although ERF genes have been widely studied in model plants, little is known about their role in biological stress responses in fruit trees, such as citrus. CsERF1 belongs to the citrus AP2/ERF transcription factor family.MethodsTo determine the role of CsERF1 on CTV resistance in citrus and the effects of the exongenous hormone application on CsERF1 in citrus, the expression of related genes was quantitatively analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in this study.ResultsThe expression profile showed that the expression level of CsERF1 in roots was significantly lower under CTV infection than in healthy plants, while the expression level in stems was significantly increased. CsERF1 responded to exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments. The CTV titer in RNAi-CsERF1 transgenic sweet orange plants significantly increased. Furthermore, CsERF1-overexpressing and RNAi-CsERF1 transgenic sweet orange plants exhibited differential expression of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) and SA signaling.DiscussionThese results suggest that CsERF1 mediates CTV resistance by regulating the JA and SA signaling pathways. The results of this study provide new clues as to the citrus defence response against CTV. It is of great significance to create citrus germplasm resources resistant to recession disease.