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To analyze the effectiveness and safety of zoledronic acid combined with chemotherapy for lung cancer spinal metastases, 96 patients with lung cancer spinal metastases were averagely classified into the experimental group (gemcitabine, cisplatin, and zoledronic acid) and the control group (gemcitabine and cisplatin). An optimized noise variance estimation algorithm (OMAPB) was proposed based on the maximum a posteriori Bayesian method (MAPB), and the algorithm was applied to the patient’s computed tomography (CT) scan. The results indicated that in terms of curative effect, the number of complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR) cases, effective rate, and clinical benefit rate of the test group was significantly higher than those of the control group. The number of progress disease (PD) cases was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The disease progression time of the test group patients was 6.2 months, and the disease progression time of the control group patients was 3.7 months ( P < 0.05 ). The test group patients had 8 cases of bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reactions after treatment. In the test group, there were 8 cases of bone marrow suppression, 9 cases of gastrointestinal reaction, 3 cases of fever, 4 cases of pain, and 2 cases of hair loss. The patients in the control group were complicated with bone marrow suppression in 14 cases, gastrointestinal reaction in 17 cases, fever in 5 cases, pain in 4 cases, and hair loss in 6 cases. The difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). It showed that zoledronic acid combined with chemotherapy could effectively improve the treatment efficiency and clinical benefit rate of patients with lung cancer spinal metastases, prolong the progression of the disease, reduce the degree of bone tissue damage, and would not increase chemotherapy adverse events.

The active layer thickness (ALT) is affected by local soil material and surface vegetation coverage in Tibetan plateau permafrost region. The human activities and engineering construction along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (QTH) destroyed the surface vegetation coverage, which have seriously influenced the ALT and heat exchange balance. Meanwhile, the changes of the detailed internal structure in the active layer will affect the stability of engineering infrastructure. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used to detect the ALT in the permafrost region. However, researches on the detailed structure of the active layer and spatial variation information of ALT are rare, the main reason given for this is that the lack of advanced imaging techniques to enhance the GPR images. In this paper, the researchers focus on solving this problem by applying the reverse time migration (RTM) method to GPR field data acquired in the Beiluhe region. Analyses of the results led to conclusions as follows: a) The RTM algorithm is proved to be accurate for imaging the characteristics of the active layer through the dielectric constant model obtained by common midpoint and GPR data velocity analysis. b) The result of RTM profiles show the loose structure and graben-like fine internal structure. Combining with drill data and soil materials information, the researchers deduce the graben-like structure might be coarse gravel layer, which may be related to subgrade settlements in some local area. c) The 2D contour maps not only show the spatial variation feature of ALT at two sides of the highway, but also can compensate the defect of the research for single 2D survey line. The ALT is about 0.6~0.8 m in most areas, and about 0.8~0.9 m near the highway at west side of the QTH on the 2D contour maps. From the RTM interpretation profile, the closer to the plash, the deeper thawed active layer. The detailed internal structure of the active layer and 2D contour maps of ALT have great significance for the study of fine internal structure and the characteristic of ALT spatial variation in the Tibetan plateau under the background of climatic change.

Objective To observe the expressions of c-Src protein and nucleophosmin/B23 (NPM1) protein in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and explore their relationships with chemotherapeutic efficacy. Methods The study collected a total of 107 lung adenocarcinoma tissue specimens from the First People's Hospital of Huaihua City from 2012-10-10 to 2015-06-30. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expressions of c-Src protein and NPM1 protein. The relationships between the protein expressions and lung adenocarcinoma progression were subsequently analyzed. Among these patients, 55 cases of III-IV patients were treated with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin for 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The relationships between the protein expressions and chemotherapeutic efficacy were then analyzed. Results Both c-Src protein and NPM1 protein were positively expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. With the increase of clinical stages, their expression levels gradually increased. However, their levels showed an inverse correlation with tumor differentiation degree. Chemotherapeutic efficacy decreased with the increase of the protein expressions. Conclusion Chemotherapeutic sensitivity is poor in lung adenocarcinoma patients overexpressing c-Src and NPM1 protein. High expressions of c-Src and NPM1 may be associated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

The train operation control system in the rail transit has extremely high requirements in terms of reliability and functional safety due to its nature of constant operation, which is often required to achieve the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) 3 or 4. It was concluded in the article that the safety integrity is determined by the systematic failures and random failures of the control system, in which the former will be mitigated by factors of quality management, safety management, technical safety conditions, and the latter requires the achievement of safety target and technical safety conditions to be controlled. The fail-safe concept is the key design principle in the development of the train operation control system. This article summarized the major methods to control the effects of single random faults: Composite Fail Safe, Reactive Fail Safe, and Inherent Fail Safe. The target and computing method of quantified hazardous failure rate is presented for different kinds of control systems, especially for the Composite Fail Safe systems with redundant component, in which a couple of Boolean models are feasible to be applied. The system architectures with 2oo3, as the example, were analyzed. To mitigate the effects of some of multiple faults, the Common-Cause Failure (CCF) needs to be analyzed and the system design should ensure that a multiple failure is not the result of a common cause failure and could only occur by means of a combination of signal random faults. The CCF effect needs to be evaluated especially in the Composite Fail Safe systems, in whichs-factor method would be used for above estimation of the frequency of hazardous failure in this article. The detection of faults is one of key factors during fail-safe design to avoid the effects of single faults as well as the gradually accumulated effects of double or multiple faults in many cases. It turns into the issue of diagnostic methods and coverage of system elements. The diagnostic coverage of an element can be derived considering of the safe failures and hazardous failures. The actions following the detection/diagnosis, especially the retention of safety state, are required as well.