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The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and survival of Nodipecten nodosus larvae grown in a remote settlement system. Two forms of transport were tested, one in a humid/wet, environment and one submerged in seawater, with a control treatment maintained at the Laboratory of Marine Mollusks (LMM). After transport treatments, individuals were populated simultaneously inside floating boxes directly at sea and in containers under controlled conditions in the Laboratory of the Experimental Center for Mariculture (CEMAR). No statistical differences were observed in larval survival relative to the method of transport in the different experiments. However, statistical differences were observed in evaluation 1 (EVA1) for the survival and growth of larvae transported in submerged seawater and settled in the laboratory. No statistical difference was observed between the control and either wet/humid or submerged treatments in EVA2. The survival values in the control treatment in EVA3 were higher (p

In Brazil, the cultivation of Crassostrea tulipa (= C. gasar ) is gaining in importance. However, little is known about the best conditions for farming. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of oyster density (50, 100, 200, and 400 mL of seeds/0.15 m 2 ; 100, 200, 300, and 400 ind/0.10 m 2 (basket area) and 30, 60, 120, and 180 ind/0.13 m 2 (lantern floor area) in nursey, juvenile and adult phase, respectively) on the growth and survival of C. tulipa in farm cultivation. In the nursery phase, the 50 mL density resulted in smaller oyster size, as expressed in height and height/length (H/L) ratio (1.31 ± 0.03 mm), compared to other densities, while the length and width was equal among densities. The animals' individual average weight and H/L ratio were negatively influenced by a density of 100 ind/0.10 m 2 or bigger. However, animals grown at the density of 200 ind/0.10 m 2 did not differ statistically in length or width from those grown with 100 ind/0.10 m 2 . A high survival rate (≥98%) was found in the nursery and juvenile phases.

The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and survival of Nodipecten nodosus larvae grown in a remote settlement system. Two forms of transport were tested, one in a humid/wet, environment and one submerged in seawater, with a control treatment maintained at the Laboratory of Marine Mollusks (LMM). After transport treatments, individuals were populated simultaneously inside floating boxes directly at sea and in containers under controlled conditions in the Laboratory of the Experimental Center for Mariculture (CEMAR). No statistical differences were observed in larval survival relative to the method of transport in the different experiments. However, statistical differences were observed in evaluation 1 (EVA1) for the survival and growth of larvae transported in submerged seawater and settled in the laboratory. No statistical difference was observed between the control and either wet/humid or submerged treatments in EVA2. The survival values in the control treatment in EVA3 were higher (p

The aim of this study was to evaluate oyster seed settlement pattern in artificial collectors affixed along Babitonga Bay (26°28’S í 48°50’W), Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Artificial collectors were installed in the upper tidal range (supralittoral), in the line of intermediate variation of the tide (mesolittoral), and below the limit region of the low tide (infralittoral). A total of 7,579 seeds were obtained over a year, presenting clear variations of quantities and species according to the seasons, depths and collection sites. Among the total number of seeds collected, 284 were submitted to molecular analyses for species identification, among which 5.63% belonged to Crassostrea gasar, 16.9% to C. rhizophorae, 0.35% to C. gigas, 24.29% of Ostrea sp. and 52.81% to C. talonata. Species identification through morphological analysis is difficult because of the inherent polymorphism of shells. Results demonstrate that artificial collectors present a higher performance for the settlement of oyster species inappropriate for farm cultivation (C. talonata and Ostrea sp.). Moreover, C. talonata is an exotic species from Indo-Pacific seas recently confirmed along Brazilian coasts, and it already possesses a high recruitment rate in the estuarine region. This raises environmental and commercial concerns about the maintenance of the natural oyster population in Babitonga Bay.

This work describes Phyllanthus timboensis, a narrowly endemic new species from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. We provide a detailed morphological description, a distribution map and photog...

Aquatic macrophytes are representative fl ora elements of diverse wetland environments. They play several roles in aquatic ecosystems and are components of paramount importance in maintaining the dynamic and quality of these environments. For coastal lakes, where most aquatic macrophyte studies have been conducted, fl oristic surveys are continuously increasing, resulting in more knowledge about these species. This study sought to increase what is known about aquatic macrophytes by inventorying the biodiversity of these plants in three coastal lakes in the cities of Florianopolis (Lake Pequena), Imbituba (Lake Doce) and Ararangua (Lake Azul), Santa Catarina. A total of 112 aquatic macrophyte species were identifi ed, including 76 species for Lake Pequena, 50 for Lake Doce and 52 for Lake Azul. Among the most representative families, Cyperaceae (24 species), Poaceae (10) and Onagraceae (eight) are notable.

Alysicarpus ovalifolius (Schumach. & Thonn.) J. Leonard is a legume species used as forage plant, which is originally native to Africa but today has a pantropical distribution. This species is probably expanding its distribution in the neotropics and therefore can be considered a potentially invasive species. In Brazil, the only species of Alysicarpus Neck. ex Desv. hitherto recorded was A. vaginalis (L.) DC., which is also non-native in the Americas. This study presents the fi rst account of the occurrence and distribution of A. ovalifolius in Brazil, including notes on its taxonomic status and potential invasiveness. Brazilian specimens of A. ovalifolius had been so far misidentifi ed as A. vaginalis. We also present here the fi rst records of the genus Alysicarpus in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, and provide an identifi cation key to the two species of Alysicarpus that occur in Brazil.

The flora of Santa Catarina is the best known in Brazil, and yet considerable knowledge gaps remain. Aiming at filling these gaps, we present here 55 new records of vascular plants for this Brazilian state, and the re-collection of four species after more than 50 years. About 50% of new records are non-native in the area. We present short descriptions of each of these species, citations to published illustrations, and also comments and field pictures of most of them.

Here, we present evidence that the alleged correction of the typification of Tradescantia crassula recently proposed by Pellegrini, Forzza and Sakuragui is erroneous. Furthermore, we clarify misconceptions concerning the epitype of T. crassula, the specimen B-100521014, which was collected by Friedrich Sello in southern Brazil, and is not original material for T. crassula.

This species belongs to Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis section. Eleocharis ser. Eleocharis subser. Truncatae Svenson and it is similar to Eleocharis subarticulata (Nees) Boeck., E. montevidensis Kunth and E. albibracteata Nees & Meyen ex. Kunth. The new species differs from other species of the genus Eleocharis by its cylindrical, spongy, not septate culms; emucronated sheaths with oblique apex; pauciflorus spikelets; sterile lower glume; upper glumes stramineous to light brown, membranous, smooth, with inconspicuous veins, with or without a submarginal dark brown band, hyaline margin developed and gradual from the rest of the scale; achenes plano-convex, reticulate, with pyramidal stylopodium with up to half the wide of the achene. Morphological description, illustration, data on habitat, and comparison with the similar species are presented.

Rottboellia cochinchinensis is an aggressive invasive species native to Asia. This species is known worldwide for invading crops and disturbed habitats in tropical and subtropical regions. In Brazil, R. cochinchinensis had its southernmost record in São Paulo state; however, in this study we expand its distribution to Santa Catarina state, in the South Region of Brazil, based on the discovery of a population in Blumenau municipality. These new records are ca. 440 km distant from the nearest known population, in São Paulo municipality, São Paulo state, Brazil.

This contribution presents and describes Tradescantia serrana, a new species from the edges of Araucaria forest in the highlands of southern Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. Illustrations, photographs and a distribution map for the new species are provided. Here, we also typify T. umbraculifera, a species morphologically related to T. serrana, and present evidence against the synonymisation of T. schwirkowskiana with T. crassula proposed by Pellegrini et al. (2017). Furthermore, we extend the distribution of T. schwirkowskiana to Paraná state.

Senecio reitzianus was described from sand dunes in Lagoa da Conceição (Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil). The species remained to be known only from the type. Almost seventy years later, we discovered a population of this species in Costão do Santinho, about 20 km from the type locality. A detailed account of this population is provided and its conservation status is assessed. We also present photographs of this species from the wild and also of the holotype, as well as a new description and comparisons with similar species in the genus. Our results reinforce the urgent need of further field work, especially on data-deficient species, in order to have a chance to prevent the species extinction.

This work presents and describes Hypoxis atlantica, a new species only known from two disjunct coastal areas in eastern Brazil. Despite our best efforts to collect this species in other areas, we had to assess its conservation status as data deficient. We include here a complete description, photographs, a distribution map and an updated identification key to the species of Hypoxis in South America.

With this contribution we designate a lectotype for the name Commelina vilavelhensis, and present evidence for the synonymisation of this name under C. obliqua. We also designate here lectotypes for the names C. robusta and C. scabrata, other synonyms of C. obliqua, and discuss the taxonomic and nomenclatural situation of the name Heterocarpus obliquus. Furthermore, we present evidence that the lectotype of C. obliqua originated from plants cultivated in Paris, France and not in Uppsala, Sweden as currently accepted. We also provide here the first identification key to the eight species of Commelina that occur in the South region of Brazil.

This contribution presents and describes Commelina catharinensis, a new, narrow endemic species only known from two very restricted areas of coastal vegetation in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. Both localities where this species has been collected are currently highly threatened by both legal and illegal urban advance. The new species classifies as endangered (EN) according to the IUCN criteria. We also provide here the first identification key to the species of Commelina that occur in Santa Catarina.

Landoltia punctata (G.Mey.) Les & D.J. Crawford is a cosmopolite duckweed species of significant economic and technological interest, which in the Americas had its southernmost occurrence recorded in Pontal do Paraná, Paraná state, southern Brazil. This work extends its distribution southwards to Santa Catarina state, representing a range extension of ca. 300 km.

The extra-Andean species of Vivianiaceae are here reviewed. We examine the morphological circumscription of Viviania albiflora (= Caesarea albiflora ), evaluating all synonyms listed for this species. Although V . albiflora is a highly polymorphic species, especially regarding leaf morphology, a detailed morphological analysis leads us to conclude that V. linostigma , previously considered as one of its synonyms, needs to be accepted as a species. We noticed that the two species could be reliably differentiated by a trait such as tetramerous flowers for V. linostigma versus pentamerous flowers for V. albiflora . We present the other morphological characters and distribution differences that distinguish it from V . albiflora . All known synonyms of V . albiflora as well as V . linostigma along with the types lost at B herbarium are lectotypfied. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations and lists of synonyms are presented.