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For monitoring urban street spaces and automatic detection of changes LiDAR point clouds are recorded by a mobile mapping system. A visibility analysis based on generic evidence grids is carried out to consider occlusions. Changes are detected by a novel spatial inference mechanism based on fuzzy logic. The performance was tested on an open data set located around the TUM city campus. Confirmed voxels were detected with an F1-score of 0.93 and changed voxels with an F1-score of 0.89. Zur Überwachung städtischer Straßenräume und einer Änderungsdetektion werden LiDAR-Punktwolken mit einem Mobile Mapping System aufgenommen. Um Verdeckungen zu berücksichtigen wird eine Sichtbarkeitsanalyse basierend auf generischen Evidenzgittern ausgeführt. Änderungen werden durch den Einsatz eines neuartigen räumlichen Inferenzmechanismus basierend auf unscharfer Logik ermittelt. Bestätigte Voxel wurden mit einer F1-Score von 0,93 detektiert, veränderte mit einer F1-Score von 0,89.

Systematisches Testen auf SARS-CoV-2 in Kitas und Schulen kann einen wichtigen Bei¬trag leisten, um das dortige Infektionsgeschehen besser beurteilen zu können und das Übertragungsrisiko von Infektionen zu reduzie¬ren. In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Validierung der Lolli-Methode und die Implementierung des Testkonzeptes in 32 Kölner Kitas im Zeitraum September 2020 bis März 2021 vorgestellt. Das Testkonzept Lolli-Methode basiert auf der Kombination einer einfachen Pro-benentnahme und anschließender PCR-Pooltes¬tung. Es wird seit April 2021 an allen Kitas und Schulen der Stadt Köln und seit Mai 2021 an allen Grund- und Förderschulen in Nord¬rhein-Westfalen durchgeführt.

Interwell connectivity is a measure of the degree to which information is translated between wells in a reservoir. The translated information may include changes in pressure, fluid flow, or other physical properties. This connectivity is separated into internal connectivities (through the reservoir) and external connectivities (through the infrastructure). Understanding these interwell connectivities may improve the overall understanding of the reservoir, aid in optimizing oil and gas production, and avoid new and undesired connectivities. We seek to determine if causal inference can be applied to aid in the detection of interwell connectivities within the oil and gas field, Eldfisk, operated by ConocoPhillips. Eldfisk is a mature field with a complex network of injection and production wells and a large and connected infrastructure of oil and gas installations. We examined thirteen wells, where eight are water injection wells, and five are oil and gas producing wells. Between these, there are three injection to injection well connectivities and five injection to production well connectivities, for a total of eight well-pair connectivities. These connectivities are known to ConocoPhillips and have been identified through various methods, including manual comparison of pressure responses between wells. The connectivity we seek to identify is a pressure response between a stimulating well and a target well through the reservoir. Data is obtained from Bottom Hole Pressure sensors where this is available and Tubing Head Pressure sensors otherwise. The pressure data is split into smaller datasets that target periods when a stimulating well is experiencing a change in pressure. These periods are identified by an on/off indicator, binary data indicating whether a well is opened or closed. Every well is given status as a stimulating well for each period identified by the on/off-indicator. All other wells are considered as target wells during these periods. Two different causal inference methods were applied to the datasets; Peter Clark Momentary Conditional Independence + (PCMCI+) and Temporal Causal Discovery Framework (TCDF). PCMCI+ is a method that employs partial correlation to infer causality, and TCDF employs convolutional neural networks. We found that the PCMCI+ algorithm was able to identify seven out of eight well-pairs with known connectivities. However, it was less precise, with approximately one out of five identified connectivities being true. The TCDF-algorithm identified three out of eight well-pairs with known connectivities. This model was more precise, with approximately one out of four identified connectivities being true. We also found that the overall complexity of the original dataset was effectively reduced by splitting it into smaller datasets. These datasets specifically targeted periods when the wells experienced changes in their pressure profiles. External interferences from a field-wide water supply were not effectively reduced and were a cause of a majority of false connectivities. Group-wide interference from wells sharing the same production installation was found to be effectively reduced. Using tubing head pressure data when bottom hole pressure data was unavailable, was found to be an effective substitute.

Master´s thesis in Nursing science Bakgrunn: Rapid sequence induction brukes til anestesiinnledning av pasienter som er ikke-fastende, men klinisk praksis viser stor variasjon i måten teknikken blir utført på. Rapid sequence induction har til hensikt å bidra til en mer ensartet og sikker håndtering av luftveier samt redusere risikoen for komplikasjoner. Hensikt: Hensikten med prosjektet var å utvikle en nasjonal kunnskapsbasert fagprosedyre for rapid sequence induction. Anbefalingene gir oppdatert kunnskap til bruk i klinisk praksis, og har som mål å øke pasientsikkerheten. Metode: Vi brukte Helsebiblioteket.no sin metode og minstekrav for utarbeidelsen av en kunnskapsbasert fagprosedyre, basert på AGREE-II instrumentet. Systematiske litteratursøk ble utført i MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CRD Database, Epistemonikos, Clinical Queries i PubMed og McMaster PLUS. De inkluderte studiene ble kritisk vurdert med sjekklister fra Helsebiblioteket.no. Resultater: Akutt anestesiinnledning kan være forbundet med økt risiko for pasienten, og stiller derfor store krav til anestesipersonellets ferdigheter og kompetanse. Det er pasientens kliniske tilstand og komorbiditet som er avgjørende for planlegging, forberedelse og utførelse av prosedyren. Konklusjon: De inkluderte studiene har underbygget hvordan spesifikke tiltak kan optimalisere gjennomføringen av teknikken. Eksempelvis kan krikoidtrykk fortsatt anbefales på bakgrunn av klinisk erfaring og ekspertuttalelser, men kan ikke baseres på evidens. Et annet eksempel er medikamentvalg, der det er vanskelig å komme med konkrete anbefalinger eller en prioritert rekkefølge. Konsekvenser for sykepleiepraksis: Anestesipersonell bør individualisere gjennomføringen av rapid sequence induction. De individuelle tiltakene må tilpasses pasientens kliniske tilstand og komorbiditet, med fokus på å forebygge komplikasjoner. Nøkkelord: Fagprosedyre, generell anestesi, rapid sequence induction, intubasjon, ASA 1-3.

The fate of recombinant DNA (rDNA) from genetically modified starter organisms in thermally treated fermented sausages (Kochsalami) was monitored by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based estimation of the concentration of the rDNA. We defined an rDNA titre as the smallest volume of the DNA solution which still results in a detectable amplicon on PCR. In sausages a degradation of the rDNA was observed during storage. However, this did not proceed so far that rDNA was no longer detectable after 9 weeks of incubation. It was observed that the rDNA is strongly protected against the activity of DNase I in the meat matrix. To include the aspect of release of rDNA from genetically modified starter organisms into the meat matrix, Kochsalami-type sausage was produced with the aid of recombinant strains of Lactobacillus curvatus as starter organisms. It was shown that only a minute part of the rDNA contained in the starter organisms can be recovered from the meat matrix by extraction as "free" DNA. To recover the total rDNA, cell wall lytic enzymes were necessary. No significant effect on the detectability of the rDNA was observed on variation of the ecological factors prevailing during the production and storage of the sausages, such as the temperature of thermal treatment, pH and fat content. The concomitant presence of Staphylococcus aureus (>106 cfu/g) producing heat-stable nuclease did not affect the detection of the rDNA.

A heterologous internal standard, termed "mimic", was developed for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in food. Mimic was designed to contain a heterologous DNA fragment of plasmid pUC18, flanked by a primer binding site, identical to the bacterial target DNA. Application of mimic in the PCR permitted its co-amplification together with the bacterial DNA with similar efficiency. As the length of the amplified products differed, they were easily detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis. The presence or absence of the mimic PCR product was indicative of the efficacy of the PCR. The use of approximately 60 mimic molecules per reaction was optimal for determining the reliability of the diagnostic PCR assays without decreasing the detection limit. This system for the detection of the two species of Campylobacter was successfully applied in routine food surveillance.

The official PCR-based method for the detection of recombinant DNA from glyphosate-tolerant soya beans (GTS), laid down in the collection of methods according to Sect. 35 of the German Food Law, was investigated for applicability. As a model, wheat bread was produced with a 1% addition of baking aid consisting of 45% GTS flour. DNA extraction of samples drawn at various stages of the production process revealed that during the process a degradation of DNA took place, resulting in fragment sizes in bread of