109 results on '"Joanne Csete"'
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2. United States drug courts and opioid agonist therapy: Missing the target of overdose reduction
- Author
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Joanne Csete
- Subjects
Drug courts ,Drug use disorders ,Drug overdose ,Opioid use disorder ,Drug treatment ,Law ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. More Harm Than Public Health in Drug Policy? A Comment
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Joanne Csete
- Subjects
governance ,United Nations (UN) ,violence ,inequalities ,gender equality ,human rights ,Political science ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 - Abstract
Well-conceived drug-control policies could contribute importantly to economic and social development and public health. Unfortunately, the reality of drug policies in most countries is rather that they undermine public health by failing to protect people who use drugs from infectious disease and the risk of drug overdose. Drug laws and policies that mandate incarceration for minor, non-violent drug offences have profound health costs as the risk of infectious disease in prison is high, and too few prisons offer appropriate health services for people who use drugs. Overly zealous drug-control policies, moreover, have led to enormous human suffering, as many countries have restricted the use of opioids for the relief of pain associated with cancer and other conditions. Protection of the health of communities involved with the production of drug crops such as coca leaf and opium poppy has rarely figured in ‘alternative development’ programmes for these populations. A few countries have shown that intentionally health-focused drug-control policies can lessen some of these harms. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Elusive Search for Rights-Centred Public Health Approaches to Drug Policy: A Comment
- Author
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Joanne Csete
- Subjects
drug policy ,opioids ,overdose ,public health ,harm reduction ,Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ,HV1-9960 ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
While it is common for United Nations member states in international meetings to espouse ‘public health approaches’ to drug policy, actual policies appear not to have caught up with this rhetoric. There is a lingering over-emphasis in narcotic drug policies on policing and incarceration at the expense of urgently needed investment in health and social services for people who use drugs. These policies have lethal consequences in the transmission of potentially fatal infections and preventable overdose deaths, and they impede progress in social and economic development. The experience of a number of countries, mostly in the European Union, highlights that bringing public health evidence into the center of drug policy decision-making can have broad social, economic and public health benefits. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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5. Experiences with policing among people who inject drugs in Bangkok, Thailand: a qualitative study.
- Author
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Kanna Hayashi, Will Small, Joanne Csete, Sattara Hattirat, and Thomas Kerr
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Despite Thailand's commitment to treating people who use drugs as "patients" not "criminals," Thai authorities continue to emphasize criminal law enforcement for drug control. In 2003, Thailand's drug war received international criticism due to extensive human rights violations. However, few studies have since investigated the impact of policing on drug-using populations. Therefore, we sought to examine experiences with policing among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Bangkok, Thailand, between 2008 and 2012.Between July 2011 and June 2012, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 42 community-recruited PWID participating in the Mitsampan Community Research Project in Bangkok. Interviews explored PWID's encounters with police during the past three years. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis was conducted to document the character of PWID's experiences with police. Respondents indicated that policing activities had noticeably intensified since rapid urine toxicology screening became available to police. Respondents reported various forms of police misconduct, including false accusations, coercion of confessions, excessive use of force, and extortion of money. However, respondents were reluctant to report misconduct to the authorities in the face of social and structural barriers to seeking justice. Respondents' strategies to avoid police impeded access to health care and facilitated transitions towards the misuse of prescribed pharmaceuticals. The study's limitations relate to the transferability of the findings, including the potential biases associated with the small convenience sample.This study suggests that policing in Bangkok has involved injustices, human rights abuses, and corruption, and policing practices in this setting appeared to have increased PWID's vulnerability to poor health through various pathways. Novel to this study are findings pertaining to the use of urine drug testing by police, which highlight the potential for widespread abuse of this emerging technology. These findings raise concern about ongoing policing practices in this setting. more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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6. Addressing Stigma is Not Enough
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Joseph J, Amon, Nina, Sun, Alexandrina, Iovita, Ralf, Jurgens, and Joanne, Csete
- Published
- 2022
7. A Balancing Act: Policymaking on Illicit Drugs in the Czech Republic
- Author
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Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
In the early post-Soviet period, Czech authorities, unlike their counterparts in some former Eastern Bloc countries, turned away from repressive drug policies and developed approaches to illicit drugs that balanced new freedoms with state authority. The end of Soviet rule meant that drug markets and the use of a wide range of new drugs attained a magnitude and visibility not previously known to Czech society.From an early stage, some pioneering health professionals with expertise in drug addiction saw that the new drug situation would require greatly expanded services for drug users and collaboration between civil society and government to achieve this expansion. They were able to influence the new government and steer it toward drug policy that would define drug use as a multisectoral problem, not an issue for policing alone.The report A Balancing Act: Policymaking on Illicit Drugs in the Czech Republic traces the development of drug policy in the Czech Republic from the post-Soviet period to the present day. The report examines the impact of the Czech Republic's evidence based approach to drug policy, compares the country's path on drug policy to that of its neighbour Slovakia and discusses challenges to maintaining this approach in the future.Watch a video produced by the Rights Reporter Foundation based on the fin more...
- Published
- 2020
8. Seeing through the public health smoke-screen in drug policy
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Joanne Csete and Daniel Wolfe
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Scrutiny ,United Nations ,Substance-Related Disorders ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Public policy ,Public Policy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Law Enforcement ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug control ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,Health policy ,media_common ,Human rights ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Law enforcement ,Social Support ,Public relations ,Health promotion ,Law ,Government Regulation ,Drug and Narcotic Control ,Public Health ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
In deliberations on drug policy in United Nations fora, a consensus has emerged that drug use and drug dependence should be treated primarily as public health concerns rather than as crimes. But what some member states mean by "public health approach" merits scrutiny. Some governments that espouse treating people who use drugs as "patients, not criminals" still subject them to prison-like detention in the name of drug-dependence treatment or otherwise do not take measures to provide scientifically sound treatment and humane social support to those who need them. Even drug treatment courts, which the U.S. and other countries hold up as examples of a public health approach to drug dependence, can serve rather to tighten the hold of the criminal justice sector on concerns that should be addressed in the health sector. The political popularity of demonisation of drugs and visibly repressive approaches is an obvious challenge to leadership for truly health-oriented drug control. This commentary offers some thoughts for judging whether a public health approach is worthy of the name and cautions drug policy reformers not to rely on facile commitments to health approaches that are largely rhetorical or that mask policies and activities not in keeping with good public health practise. more...
- Published
- 2017
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9. Public health and international drug policy
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Alejandro Madrazo Lajous, Carl L. Hart, Megan Comfort, Chris Beyrer, Javier A. Cepeda, João Goulão, Daniel Mejía, Jack Stone, Michel D. Kazatchkine, Nandini Vallath, Eric Goosby, Marek Balicki, Isidore Obot, Natasha K. Martin, David Scott Mathieson, Adriana Camacho, Susan G. Sherman, Tomáš Zábranský, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Frederick L. Altice, Stephen R. Lewis, Joanne Csete, Julia Buxton, Peter Vickerman, Adeolu Ogunrombi, and Thomas Kerr more...
- Subjects
Drug ,Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Internationality ,Hepatitis, Viral, Human ,United Nations ,Substance-Related Disorders ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Declaration ,030508 substance abuse ,HIV Infections ,Commission ,Public administration ,Health Services Accessibility ,Scientific evidence ,03 medical and health sciences ,Law Enforcement ,Risk-Taking ,medicine ,Humans ,media_common ,Social policy ,Medicine(all) ,030505 public health ,Human rights ,business.industry ,Public health ,Law enforcement ,General Medicine ,Congresses as Topic ,Social Control Policies ,Drug and Narcotic Control ,Equipment Contamination ,Public Health ,Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
In September, 2015, the member states of the UN endorsed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030, which aspire to human-rights-centred approaches to ensuring the health and wellbeing of all people. The SDGs embody both the UN Charter values of rights and justice for all and the responsibility of states to rely on the best scientific evidence as they seek to better humankind. In April, 2016, these same states will consider control of illicit drugs, an area of social policy that has been fraught with controversy and thought of as inconsistent with human rights norms, and in which scientific evidence and public health approaches have arguably had too limited a role.The previous UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on drugs in 1998—convened under the theme, “A drug-free world—we can do it!”—endorsed drug-control policies with the goal of prohibiting all use, possession, production, and trafficking of illicit drugs. This goal is enshrined in national laws in many countries. In pronouncing drugs a “grave threat to the health and wellbeing of all mankind”, the 1998 UNGASS echoed the foundational 1961 convention of the international drug-control regime, which justified eliminating the “evil” of drugs in the name of “the health and welfare of mankind”. But neither of these international agreements refers to the ways in which pursuing drug prohibition might affect public health. The war on drugs and zero-tolerance policies that grew out of the prohibitionist consensus are now being challenged on multiple fronts, including their health, human rights, and development impact.The Johns Hopkins–Lancet Commission on Drug Policy and Health has sought to examine the emerging scientific evidence on public health issues arising from drug-control policy and to inform and encourage a central focus on public health evidence and outcomes in drug-policy debates, such as the important deliberations of the 2016 UNGASS on drugs. The Commission is concerned that drug policies are often coloured by ideas about drug use and dependence that are not scientifically grounded. The 1998 UNGASS declaration, for example, like the UN drug conventions and many national drug laws, does not distinguish between drug use and drug misuse. A 2015 report by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, by contrast, emphasised that drug use “is neither a medical condition, nor does it necessarily lead to drug dependence”. The idea that all drug use is dangerous and evil has led to enforcement-heavy policies and has made it difficult to see potentially dangerous drugs in the same light as potentially dangerous foods, tobacco, and alcohol, for which the goal of social policy is to reduce potential harms. more...
- Published
- 2016
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10. Drug Use and Prison
- Author
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Joanne Csete, Rick Lines, and Ralf Jürgens
- Subjects
Drug ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Medicine ,Prison ,Criminology ,business ,media_common - Abstract
This chapter discusses protections of the health-related rights of prisoners that are encoded in widely ratified human rights instruments and in guidelines for which there is broad international consensus. People who use drugs while detained or incarcerated, however, rarely enjoy the standard of care to which they are entitled, which includes HIV prevention activities and other services that are available in the community. In some countries, people accused of minor drug infractions may be detained for long periods in centers that purport to provide treatment for drug dependence but are effectively labor camps that do not provide health care and where “patients” face physical abuse and denial of due process. There is an urgent need to establish and scale up health services for people who use drugs in custodial environments, with independent monitoring of the existence and quality of care and measures to ensure that health professionals working with people who use drugs in prison and pre-trial detention can work without interference. More important, however, drug dependence and minor drug infractions that often accompany it should be managed through health and social services rather than criminal sanctions. Reducing the use of prison and pretrial detention as a response to drug use and minor possession may be the most important measure for respecting, protecting and fulfilling the health-related rights of people who use drugs. Compulsory “treatment” centers should be closed in favor of humane care provided in the community. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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11. Detention and Punishment in the Name of Drug Treatment
- Author
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Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, Richard Pearshouse, Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, and Richard Pearshouse
- Abstract
As member states of the United Nations take stock of the drug control system, a number of debates have emerged among governments about how to balance international drug laws with human rights, public health, alternatives to incarceration, and experimentation with regulation. This series intends to provide a primer on why governments must not turn a blind eye to pressing human rights and public health impacts of current drug policies.In some countries, people who use, or are alleged to use, illicit drugs may be detained involuntarily after little or no legal process, ostensibly for the purpose of receiving drug "treatment" or "rehabilitation."These detentions are variously described as compulsory treatment centers, drug rehabilitation centers, detoxification centers, or "centers for social education and labor." It is far from clear that all persons detained in this manner are drug-dependent or in need of treatment. If they are, there are international standards to guide treatment of drug-dependence, but drug detention centers often subject detainees to treatment methods that are scientifically unsound, punitive, cruel, inhuman, and degrading. In March 2012, 12 UN bodies—including the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), WHO, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the International Labour Organization, and the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights—jointly issued a call for the closure of compulsory drug detention centers and an expansion of voluntary, scientifically and medically appropriate forms of treating drug dependence in the health system.The 2012 joint UN statement on compulsory drug rehabilitation centers was a very important step, but a declaration from UN member states condemning these institutions and calling for their closure would advance the cause of ending the abuses they represent. Detention and Punishment in the Name of Drug Treatment highlights considerations that should be brought to bear in the 2016 United Nations Gene more...
- Published
- 2016
12. Human Rights and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: How Does a Large Funder of Basic Health Services Meet the Challenge of Rights-Based Programs?
- Author
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Ralf, Jürgens, Joanne, Csete, Hyeyoung, Lim, Susan, Timberlake, and Matthew, Smith
- Subjects
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Human Rights ,International Cooperation ,Models, Organizational ,Financial Support ,Humans ,Tuberculosis ,Research-Article ,Global Health ,Delivery of Health Care ,Developing Countries ,health care economics and organizations ,Malaria - Abstract
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria was created to greatly expand access to basic services to address the three diseases in its name. From its beginnings, its governance embodied some human rights principles: civil society is represented on its board, and the country coordination mechanisms that oversee funding requests to the Global Fund include representatives of people affected by the diseases. The Global Fund’s core strategies recognize that the health services it supports would not be effective or cost-effective without efforts to reduce human rights-related barriers to access and utilization of health services, particularly those faced by socially marginalized and criminalized persons. Basic human rights elements were written into Global Fund grant agreements, and various technical support measures encouraged the inclusion in funding requests of programs to reduce human rights-related barriers. A five-year initiative to provide intensive technical and financial support for the scaling up of programs to reduce these barriers in 20 countries is ongoing. more...
- Published
- 2018
13. HIV, Sex Work, and Law Enforcement in China
- Author
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Tingting, Shen and Joanne, Csete
- Subjects
Condoms ,China ,Law Enforcement ,Human Rights ,Humans ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Research-Article ,Sex Work - Abstract
HIV prevalence in China is low in the general population but higher among certain key affected populations, including sex workers. Providing and purchasing sexual services are administrative offenses. Police engage in humiliating and repressive practices against sex workers. A study reported here based on the experience of over 500 sex workers highlights that the human rights abuses that sex workers face at the hands of the police directly undermine the country’s HIV response toward sex workers. An important element of this phenomenon is the police’s use of condoms as evidence of sex work, which impedes sex workers’ possession and use of condoms. Whereas in some countries, sex worker collectives have helped empower sex workers to stand up to the police and safeguard their use of condoms, restrictions on civil society in China make such a strategy impossible. Removing sex work and related activities as offenses under the law in China, however politically difficult it might be, would ease this situation. Short of that, improving the coordination among and strategic harmony of public health and police roles and authorities would be useful. more...
- Published
- 2018
14. Turning a page in drug control and public health: advancing HCV/HIV prevention through reform of drug law and policy
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Joanne Csete and Daniel Wolfe
- Subjects
Harm reduction ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Economic growth ,geography ,Summit ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Public health ,Law enforcement ,Punitive damages ,Possession (law) ,Drug policy reform ,Drug control ,Virology ,Political science ,medicine ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
ABSTRACT A major UN summit on the world drug problem in 2016 is an opportunity to rethink punitive drug policies that have not succeeded in stemming drug demand or supply and have undermined HIV and HCV responses in many countries. Experiences of some countries demonstrate that treating drug use and minor drug possession in the health rather than the law enforcement sector can dramatically improve access to HIV and HCV services. Alternatives to incarceration for minor drug infractions are particularly important in this regard. The voices of health professionals in national and international debates leading up to this important summit are crucial to making the case for public health-based and human rights-oriented drug policy reform. more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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15. Solidarity Sidelined: Is There a Future for Human Rights-driven Development Assistance for Health at the Global Fund?
- Author
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Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
As the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria embarks on a new strategy, it must take care to avoid measures that are inconsistent with both its stated objectives and the history of human rights activism that helped to bring it into being. In spite of irrefutable epidemiologic and programmatic evidence, meaningful inclusion of key populations and protection of the human rights of people affected by and at risk of HIV, TB, and malaria are still seen as side issues by governments and donors. The Global Fund must reclaim and act on the spirit of solidarity that characterized its origins to be a leader in making human rights central to global health programming.This report reflects on the founding values of the Global Fund, where it has made progress and where it has fallen short. It outlines three critical areas that require attention and advocacy:realizing the Global Fund's human rights objectivespreserving support in middle income countriessupporting access to medicines for all at the lowest possible priceA period of changing global health governance and a dramatically shifting geography of poverty are part of the context for this briefing paper's consideration of the impact of changes at the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria, including the Fund's so-called New Funding Model.This report is a resource for advocates working to assess the impact of the New Funding Model and to help shape the next five-year strategy. more...
- Published
- 2015
16. Criminalization of HIV transmission and exposure: in search of rights-based public health alternatives to criminal law
- Author
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Richard Elliott and Joanne Csete
- Subjects
Sexual partner ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Human rights ,Public health ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Criminology ,humanities ,Criminalization ,Harm ,Virology ,Political science ,medicine ,Criminal law ,Sanctions ,health care economics and organizations ,media_common ,Culpability - Abstract
The use of criminal law to address HIV transmission and exposure has been misguided and ineffective. Criminalization of HIV transmission and exposure raises difficult legal questions: what is the appropriate degree of mental culpability to trigger criminal prosecution? Is it appropriate for the law to equate nondisclosure of (known) HIV-positive status to a sexual partner with rape (as the law does in some jurisdictions)? Can it be justified to treat mere nondisclosure of HIV status as equivalent to the intent to cause harm? To what extent will the law recognize circumstances that mitigate harm, risk of harm and mental culpability, such as safer sex practices and low viral load, in mitigating the application of criminal sanctions? Sound guidance on avoiding the misuse of the criminal law in this area has been developed, but unfortunately many criminal laws in this area allow for prosecution even in cases where there is little justification. It is reasonable to expect that the use of these laws contributes to HIV-related stigma and discrimination, particularly when cases are portrayed sensationally in mass media. The harm caused by unjustified prosecutions and convictions and stigma is not counterbalanced by any evidence of public health benefits of this use of criminal law. These laws should urgently be repealed or reformed as part of a shift to strategies centered on human rights. more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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17. An inappropriate tool: criminal law and HIV in Asia
- Author
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Joanne Csete and Siddharth Dube
- Subjects
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Asia ,Human Rights ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Sexual Behavior ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mandatory Testing ,Immunology ,HIV Infections ,Criminology ,Men who have sex with men ,Criminalization ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Criminal Law ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Homosexuality ,Psychiatry ,Health policy ,media_common ,Sex work ,Human rights ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,virus diseases ,medicine.disease ,Sex Work ,Infectious Diseases ,Criminal law ,business ,Prejudice - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Asian countries have applied criminal sanctions widely in areas directly relevant to national HIV programmes and policies including criminalization of HIV transmission sex work homosexuality and drug injection. This criminalization may impede universal access to HIV prevention and treatment services in Asia and undermine vulnerable peoples ability to be part of the HIV response. OBJECTIVE: To review the status of application of criminal law in key HIV-related areas in Asia and analyze its impact. METHODS: Review of literature and application of human rights norms to analysis of criminal law measures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Criminal laws in the areas considered here and their enforcement while intended to reduce HIV transmission are inappropriate and counterproductive with respect to health and human rights. Governments should remove punitive laws that impede the HIV response and should ensure meaningful participation of people living with HIV people who use illicit drugs sex workers and men who have sex with men in combating stigma and discrimination and developing rights-centered approaches to HIV. more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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18. Health Benefits of Legal Services for Criminalized Populations: The Case of People Who Use Drugs, Sex Workers and Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Author
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Jonathan Cohen and Joanne Csete
- Subjects
Male ,Civil society ,Substance-Related Disorders ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sex workers ,Face (sociological concept) ,050109 social psychology ,Health Promotion ,Patient Advocacy ,Criminology ,Global Health ,Vulnerable Populations ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Homosexuality ,Social determinants of health ,Socioeconomics ,media_common ,Health Policy ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,Human Rights Abuses ,Sex Work ,Transgenderism ,Sexual minority ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Mental Health ,Female ,Social exclusion ,0509 other social sciences ,Psychology ,Prejudice ,Transsexualism - Abstract
Criminalization is a form of social marginalization that is little appreciated as a determinant of poor health. Criminalization can be understood in at least two ways — in the narrow sense as the imposition of criminal penalties for a certain behavior, and more broadly as the conferral of a criminalized status on all individuals in the population, whether proven guilty of a specific offense or not. Both criminal penalties and criminalized status threaten the mental and physical health of these populations in many ways. Incarceration, abandonment by families and communities, social disdain, physical abuse, discrimination, and relentless fear undermine their ability to enjoy their right to the highest attainable standard of health goods and services. Understanding the social determinants of health in these populations and formulating programs to address them have rarely been high priorities in national or international policy. more...
- Published
- 2010
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19. Vertical HIV transmission should be excluded from criminal prosecution
- Author
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Richard Pearshouse, Alison Symington, and Joanne Csete
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Legislation ,Criminology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Social issues ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Pregnancy ,Criminal Law ,medicine ,Humans ,Maternal Health Services ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Hiv transmission ,Psychiatry ,Disadvantage ,media_common ,Human rights ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,Reproductive Medicine ,Chilling effect ,Female ,business ,Prejudice - Abstract
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is an important part of global and national responses to HIV and AIDS. In recent years, many countries have adopted laws to criminalise HIV transmission and exposure. Many of these laws are broadly written and have provisions that enable criminal prosecution of vertical transmission in some circumstances. Even if prosecutions have not yet materialised, the use of these laws against HIV-positive pregnant women could compound the stigma already faced by them and have a chilling effect on women’s utilisation of prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes. Although criminal laws targeting HIV transmission have often been proposed and adopted with the intent of protecting women, such laws may disadvantage women instead. Criminal laws on HIV transmission and exposure should be reviewed and revised to ensure that vertical transmission is explicitly excluded as an object of criminal prosecution. Scaling up PMTCT services and ensuring that they are affordable, accessible, welcoming and of good quality is the most effective strategy for reducing vertical transmission of HIV and should be the primary strategy in all countries. more...
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. A Balancing Act: Policymaking on Illicit Drugs in the Czech Republi
- Author
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Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
In the early post-Soviet period, Czech authorities, unlike their counterparts in some former Eastern Bloc countries, turned away from repressive drug policies and developed approaches to illicit drugs that balanced new freedoms with state authority. The end of Soviet rule meant that drug markets and the use of a wide range of new drugs attained a magnitude and visibility not previously known to Czech society.From an early stage, some pioneering health professionals with expertise in drug addiction saw that the new drug situation would require greatly expanded services for drug users and collaboration between civil society and government to achieve this expansion. They were able to influence the new government and steer it toward drug policy that would define drug use as a multisectoral problem, not an issue for policing alone.The report A Balancing Act: Policymaking on Illicit Drugs in the Czech Republic traces the development of drug policy in the Czech Republic from the post-Soviet period to the present day. The report examines the impact of the Czech Republic's evidence based approach to drug policy, compares the country's path on drug policy to that of its neighbour Slovakia and discusses challenges to maintaining this approach in the future.Watch a video produced by the Rights Reporter Foundation based on the f more...
- Published
- 2012
21. Global Nutrition
- Author
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Joanne Csete and Marion Nestle
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Model law to address HIV/AIDS in prison
- Author
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Richard Pearshouse and Joanne Csete
- Subjects
Law reform ,Harm reduction ,Sexual violence ,Human rights ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Legislature ,Prison ,Criminology ,medicine.disease ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Law ,Political science ,medicine ,Health law ,media_common - Abstract
This paper makes the case for, and describes an effort to develop and promote the use of, model law to address HIV/AIDS in prisons. First, it outlines the concept of model law and what model law can bring to advocacy around law reform. Second, it describes why model law is particularly important to safeguard the rights of prisoners and people who use drugs. Third, it relates the methodology involved in developing model law. Three important areas of prison law and regulation related to HIV/AIDS are then described: provisions on the likelihood and duration of incarceration, including periods in pretrial detention; the legal foundation for HIV/AIDS care in prison; and the legal framework for comprehensive harm reduction services in prisons. A legislative framework to address rape and sexual violence in prison is also outlined. The paper sets out broad principles of how prison laws and regulations should be reformed to accord with human rights principles, and provides a number of examples of the specific word... more...
- Published
- 2006
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23. From the Mountaintops: What the World Can Learn From Drug Policy Change in Switzerland
- Author
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Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, Joanne Csete, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
Reviews Switzerland's drug policy of policing, prevention, treatment, and harm reduction, including low-threshold methadone programs, needle exchanges, and safe injection rooms. Outlines political contexts, health and social outcomes, and lessons learned. more...
- Published
- 2010
24. Missed Opportunities: Human rights and the politics of HIV/AIDS
- Author
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Joanne Csete
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Human rights ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Development ,Biology ,Social issues ,Human development (humanity) ,Democracy ,Politics ,Fundamentalism ,International development ,Health policy ,media_common - Abstract
There is a strong consensus internationally that human rights violations fuel the AIDS epidemic, but donors and governments of affected countries do little to address a wide range of AIDS-related rights abuses. Joanne Csete argues that political factors, including the rising power of religious fundamentalism, the influence of the US in AIDS assistance programmes, and male-dominated political power, create a conducive environment for these abuses and must be addressed in the fight against AIDS. Development (2004) 47, 83–90. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1100033 more...
- Published
- 2004
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25. In the name of treatment: ending abuses in compulsory drug detention centers
- Author
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Ralf Jürgens and Joanne Csete
- Subjects
Drug ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Drug treatment ,Human rights ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,medicine ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry ,media_common - Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The Economics of the Drug War: Unaccounted Costs, Lost Lives, Missed Opportunities
- Author
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Daniel Mejia, Daniel Mejia, Joanne Csete, Daniel Mejia, Daniel Mejia, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
As member states of the United Nations take stock of the drug control system, a number of debates have emerged among governments about how to balance international drug laws with human rights, public health, alternatives to incarceration, and experimentation with regulation. This series intends to provide a primer on why governments must not turn a blind eye to pressing human rights and public health impacts of current drug policies.Fiscally minded policymakers should invest in drug policy reform. Many national drug control policies are centered on aggressive policing and military efforts to reduce drug supplies and punish drug consumers. But these policies come with a very high price tag, rarely resulting in sustained control of drug supply or demand. The economic wastefulness of the drug war is one of the most important motivations for reform.A new report from the Open Society Foundations, The Economics of the Drug War: Unaccounted Costs, Lost Lives, Missed Opportunities, documents both the wastefulness of ill-conceived investment in ineffective policies and the missed opportunity of failing to invest in effective policies and programs that embody good public health practice and human rights norms. The case of Colombia, for example, illustrates the futility—and the harms to individuals and society—of extremely expensive coca eradication efforts. For all the money spent, the efforts merely resulted in a geographical shift of coca production to new and sometimes more environmentally fragile locations. The environmental and health damage caused by aerial spraying of coca crops also negatively impacted the productivity of rural families. Many countries fail to invest in and scale up programs that yield significant economic returns in reduced crime, reduced death from overdose, reduced illness and injury from unsafe injection, and improved productivity of patients who are able to get on with their lives. Programs that provide clean injection equipment are among the mos more...
- Published
- 2016
27. The Economics of the Drug War: Unaccounted Costs, Lost Lives, Missed Opportunities - Spanish
- Author
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Daniel Mejia, Daniel Mejia, Joanne Csete, Daniel Mejia, Daniel Mejia, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
As member states of the United Nations take stock of the drug control system, a number of debates have emerged among governments about how to balance international drug laws with human rights, public health, alternatives to incarceration, and experimentation with regulation. This series intends to provide a primer on why governments must not turn a blind eye to pressing human rights and public health impacts of current drug policies.Fiscally minded policymakers should invest in drug policy reform. Many national drug control policies are centered on aggressive policing and military efforts to reduce drug supplies and punish drug consumers. But these policies come with a very high price tag, rarely resulting in sustained control of drug supply or demand. The economic wastefulness of the drug war is one of the most important motivations for reform.A new report from the Open Society Foundations, The Economics of the Drug War: Unaccounted Costs, Lost Lives, Missed Opportunities, documents both the wastefulness of ill-conceived investment in ineffective policies and the missed opportunity of failing to invest in effective policies and programs that embody good public health practice and human rights norms. The case of Colombia, for example, illustrates the futility—and the harms to individuals and society—of extremely expensive coca eradication efforts. For all the money spent, the efforts merely resulted in a geographical shift of coca production to new and sometimes more environmentally fragile locations. The environmental and health damage caused by aerial spraying of coca crops also negatively impacted the productivity of rural families. Many countries fail to invest in and scale up programs that yield significant economic returns in reduced crime, reduced death from overdose, reduced illness and injury from unsafe injection, and improved productivity of patients who are able to get on with their lives. Programs that provide clean injection equipment are among the mos more...
- Published
- 2016
28. Does urban agriculture help prevent malnutrition? Evidence from Kampala
- Author
-
Carol Levin, Daniel Maxwell, and Joanne Csete
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economic growth ,Food security ,Sociology and Political Science ,Under-five ,business.industry ,Social change ,Redress ,Nutritional status ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Development ,medicine.disease ,Malnutrition ,Geography ,Food processing ,medicine ,business ,Socioeconomics ,Urban agriculture ,Food Science - Abstract
Previous research has suggested that urban agriculture has a positive impact on the household food security and nutritional status of low-income status groups in cities in Sub-Saharan Africa, but a formal test of the link between semi-subsistence urban food production and nutritional status has not accompanied these claims. This paper seeks to redress this gap in the growing literature on urban agriculture through an analysis of the determinants of the nutritional status of children under five in Kampala, Uganda, where roughly one third of all households in the sample engage in some form of urban agriculture. When controlling for other individual child, maternal, and household characteristics, these data indicate that urban agriculture has a positive, significant association with higher nutritional status of children, particularly height for age. Several pathways by which this relationship is manifested are suggested, and the implications of these results for urban food and nutrition policy and urban management are briefly discussed. more...
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Reports of police beating and associated harms among people who inject drugs in Bangkok, Thailand: a serial cross-sectional study
- Author
-
Kanna Hayashi, Lianping Ti, Paisan Suwannawong, Karyn Kaplan, Evan Wood, Joanne Csete, and Thomas Kerr
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,animal structures ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Poison control ,Violence ,Suicide prevention ,Health Services Accessibility ,Occupational safety and health ,Young Adult ,Law Enforcement ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Risk Factors ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Needle Sharing ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous ,Harm reduction ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Law enforcement ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,Thailand ,medicine.disease ,Police ,Aggression ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Drug law enforcement ,Injection drug use ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,Medical emergency ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Thailand has for years attempted to address illicit drug use through aggressive drug law enforcement. Despite accounts of widespread violence by police against people who inject drugs (IDU), the impact of police violence has not been well investigated. In the wake of an intensified police crackdown in 2011, we sought to identify the prevalence and correlates of experiencing police beating among IDU in Bangkok. Methods Community-recruited samples of IDU in Bangkok were surveyed between June 2009 and October 2011. Multivariate log-binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with reporting police beating. Results In total, 639 unique IDU participated in this serial cross-sectional study, with 240 (37.6%) participants reporting that they had been beaten by police. In multivariate analyses, reports of police beating were associated with male gender (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [APR] = 4.43), younger age (APR = 1.69), reporting barriers to accessing healthcare (APR = 1.23), and a history of incarceration (APR = 2.51), compulsory drug detention (APR = 1.22) and syringe sharing (APR = 1.44), and study enrolment in 2011 (APR = 1.27) (all p Conclusions A high proportion of IDU in Bangkok reported having been beaten by the police. Experiencing police beating was independently associated with various indicators of drug-related harm. These findings suggest that the over-reliance on enforcement-based approaches is contributing to police-perpetrated abuses and the perpetuation of the HIV risk behaviour among Thai IDU. more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Conceptualizing hunger in contemporary African policymaking: From technical to community-based approaches
- Author
-
Joanne Csete and Christopher B. Barrett
- Subjects
Community based ,Reductionism ,Government ,Conceptualization ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Preference ,Politics ,Political economy ,Development economics ,Criticism ,Bureaucracy ,Sociology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,media_common - Abstract
This paper explains and offers a criticism of the technical solutions that have been proposed in recent years to address Africa's hunger problems, summarizes selected results of some of these approaches, and suggests a more useful conceptualization of African hunger for policymakers. Hunger is a problem with multifactorial causality. As such, it is not given to solution by the sequence of reductionist approaches that have been applied in recent years. Widespread adoption by African governments of ultimately unsuccessful reductionist conceptualizations of hunger has had much to do with foreign aid dependency, the general absence from central policymaking circles of senior government officials with responsibility for hunger-related policies, and political preference for centralized bureaucracy. The paper concludes with some recommendations for community-based strategies of hunger alleviation. more...
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Dietary intake of homeless families in Wisconsin: Lessons for nutrition educators
- Author
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Joanne Csete and Nancy Goyings
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Meal ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Dietary intake ,Nutrition Education ,Population ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Psychological intervention ,Medicine ,business ,education - Abstract
Although recent studies have shown that the diets of homeless adults, especially men, are inadequate, few studies have examined the dietary intakes of homeless children and women. The purpose of this study was to assess the adequacy of the diets of sheltered homeless families and to compare it with that of a low-income but nonhomeless population. The dietary intakes of homeless families (n = 135) staying at shelters and motels were compared with the intakes of low-income families who used free community meal sites (n = 129) in Wisconsin. In addition, the diets of homeless families staying in shelters were compared with the dietary intakes of homeless families living in motels. The diets of homeless adults and children were found to be more adequate than were the diets of the nonhomeless comparison group. Adults in homeless families staying at motels had poorer intakes than did adults staying at shelters, but this difference was not found for their children. Shelter directors reported that they often have difficulty providing appealing but nutritious meals within the constraints of the various meal service methods they used. Shelter foodservice staff should be viewed as an important target group for nutrition education interventions. more...
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Switzerland, HIV and the power of pragmatism: lessons for drug policy development
- Author
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Joanne Csete and Peter Grob
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Resource (biology) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,HIV Infections ,Public opinion ,History, 21st Century ,Power (social and political) ,Harm Reduction ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Policy Making ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous ,Drug injection ,Harm reduction ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Law enforcement ,Urban Health ,History, 20th Century ,medicine.disease ,Substance abuse ,Law ,Public Opinion ,Drug and Narcotic Control ,Crime ,business ,Switzerland - Abstract
Switzerland in the 1980s was an epicentre of HIV as open drug injection became part of the urban scene, especially in Zurich. Cracks appeared in Switzerland's long commitment to policing as the main drug-control strategy as law enforcement was unable to contain the health and social consequences of the rapid spread of drug injection. In the early stages of the epidemic, the pioneering health care providers who brought technically illegal harm reduction services into the open drug scene in Zurich helped open the exploration at the federal level of more balanced drug policy. Carefully evaluated pilot experiences in low-threshold methadone, needle exchange, and eventually heroin-assisted therapy yielded evidence of significant HIV prevention and crime reduction that was convincing not only to policy-makers but also to a skeptical Swiss public. Whilst not all countries have Switzerland's resource base, the Swiss experience still holds many useful lessons for establishing evidence-based policy on illicit drugs. more...
- Published
- 2011
33. Nutritional status of preschool children in Northern Vietnam
- Author
-
Joanne Csete, Judith L. Ladinsky, Hoang Thuy Nguyen, and Suzanne Shoff
- Subjects
Preschool child ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nutritional status ,General Medicine ,Anthropometry ,Body weight ,Infant mortality ,El Niño ,Weaning ,Medicine ,Statistical analysis ,business ,Food Science ,Demography - Abstract
After three decades of war and social turmoil in Vietnam, infant mortality is high and related health and nutritional problems are widespread. Studies which have investigated health or nutrition ch... more...
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Regulation of Nutrition Professionals
- Author
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Joanne Csete and Bill Fellows
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Public relations ,business - Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Harm Reduction: Spanish
- Author
-
Daniel Wolfe, Daniel Wolfe, Joanne Csete, Daniel Wolfe, Daniel Wolfe, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
As member states of the United Nations take stock of the drug control system, a number of debates have emerged among governments about how to balance international drug laws with human rights, public health, alternatives to incarceration, and experimentation with regulation. This series intends to provide a primer on why governments must not turn a blind eye to pressing human rights and public health impacts of current drug policies.Harm reduction is based on the idea that people have the right to be safe and supported even if they are not ready or willing to abstain from illicit drug use. A harm reduction approach involves giving people who use drugs choices that can help them protect their health. For many people who use drugs, harm reduction services are the most likely entry point into health care and the most likely means of protection from life-threatening conditions. As United Nations agencies have noted, the effectiveness of harm reduction services for HIV prevention and prevention of drug-related mortality is beyond dispute. The UN General Assembly Special Session on drugs in 2016 is an opportunity to re-energize the commitment to harm reduction pledged by UN member states at the 2001 UNGASS on HIV/AIDS. Funding for proven and cost-effective harm reduction services that protect not only people who use drugs but entire communities should be a top priority. This report details how harm reduction is a central pillar of effective drug response, critical to reaching people who use drugs with services that can help protect them, their families, and their communities. more...
- Published
- 2015
36. The Global Fund at a Crossroads: Informing Advocacy on Global Fund Efforts in Human Rights, Support to Middle-income Countries, and Access to Medicines
- Author
-
Daniel Wolfe, Daniel Wolfe, Heather Benjamin, Joanne Csete, Julia Greenberg, Krista Lauer, Daniel Wolfe, Daniel Wolfe, Heather Benjamin, Joanne Csete, Julia Greenberg, and Krista Lauer
- Abstract
There is an urgent need to revive and re-energize civil society advocacy to hold the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria accountable to its origins and founding principles. Recent changes in Global Fund policy and practice have taken it away from the country-driven character that set it apart from other aid agencies. It risks becoming less centered on rights-based strategies to support national responses to AIDS, TB, and malaria.In April 2015, the Open Society Public Health Program convened a consultation of experts and advocates concerned about the future of the Global Fund, particularly in these key areas:preserving support to important programs in middle-income countriesrealizing the Global Fund's human rights objectivessupporting access to essential medicinesWithout concerted and well-informed efforts by advocates the Global Fund risks repudiating its own history, undermining its investments, and damaging its stature as a leader in global health. Furthermore, the Global Fund's ambitious strategy to end the epidemics by 2030 will be a pipe dream without a reinvigoration of commitments in these three key areas. This briefing paper summarizes the deliberations of the consultation, and provides recommendations that the Global Fund should undertake in order to uphold its founding values. more...
- Published
- 2015
37. Drug Courts: Equivocal Evidence on a Popular Intervention: Spanish
- Author
-
Denise Tomasini-Joshi, Denise Tomasini-Joshi, Joanne Csete, Denise Tomasini-Joshi, Denise Tomasini-Joshi, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
As member states of the United Nations take stock of the drug control system, a number of debates have emerged among governments about how to balance international drug laws with human rights, public health, alternatives to incarceration, and experimentation with regulation. This series intends to provide a primer on why governments must not turn a blind eye to pressing human rights and public health impacts of current drug policies.Drug treatment courts, also called "drug courts," are meant to offer court-supervised treatment for drug dependence to people who would otherwise go to prison for a drug-related offense. Some countries have adopted drug treatment courts as a way to reduce drug-related incarceration.While there is considerable consensus in UN and other multilateral policies and statements that there should be an alternative to criminal sanctions for some categories of drug infractions, drug treatment courts are not specified as the only or principal means of providing that alternative, and there is no international law or treaty explicitly addressing drug courts.In spite of good intentions, these courts do not represent reform if they undermine health and human rights, if they put health decisions in the hands of judges and prosecutors who reject clinically indicated treatment, or if they impose punishment for relapses that are a normal part of drug dependence.Drug Courts: Equivocal Evidence on a Popular Intervention explores what the UN and other multilateral bodies say about drug courts, reviews the drug court experience in the United States and around the world, and examines other ways to avert incarceration for minor drug offenses. more...
- Published
- 2015
38. Drug Courts: Equivocal Evidence on a Popular Intervention
- Author
-
Denise Tomasini-Joshi, Denise Tomasini-Joshi, Joanne Csete, Denise Tomasini-Joshi, Denise Tomasini-Joshi, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
As member states of the United Nations take stock of the drug control system, a number of debates have emerged among governments about how to balance international drug laws with human rights, public health, alternatives to incarceration, and experimentation with regulation. This series intends to provide a primer on why governments must not turn a blind eye to pressing human rights and public health impacts of current drug policies.Drug treatment courts, also called "drug courts," are meant to offer court-supervised treatment for drug dependence to people who would otherwise go to prison for a drug-related offense. Some countries have adopted drug treatment courts as a way to reduce drug-related incarceration.While there is considerable consensus in UN and other multilateral policies and statements that there should be an alternative to criminal sanctions for some categories of drug infractions, drug treatment courts are not specified as the only or principal means of providing that alternative, and there is no international law or treaty explicitly addressing drug courts.In spite of good intentions, these courts do not represent reform if they undermine health and human rights, if they put health decisions in the hands of judges and prosecutors who reject clinically indicated treatment, or if they impose punishment for relapses that are a normal part of drug dependence.Drug Courts: Equivocal Evidence on a Popular Intervention explores what the UN and other multilateral bodies say about drug courts, reviews the drug court experience in the United States and around the world, and examines other ways to avert incarceration for minor drug offenses. more...
- Published
- 2015
39. Harm Reduction
- Author
-
Daniel Wolfe, Daniel Wolfe, Joanne Csete, Daniel Wolfe, Daniel Wolfe, and Joanne Csete
- Abstract
As member states of the United Nations take stock of the drug control system, a number of debates have emerged among governments about how to balance international drug laws with human rights, public health, alternatives to incarceration, and experimentation with regulation. This series intends to provide a primer on why governments must not turn a blind eye to pressing human rights and public health impacts of current drug policies.Harm reduction is based on the idea that people have the right to be safe and supported even if they are not ready or willing to abstain from illicit drug use. A harm reduction approach involves giving people who use drugs choices that can help them protect their health. For many people who use drugs, harm reduction services are the most likely entry point into health care and the most likely means of protection from life-threatening conditions. As United Nations agencies have noted, the effectiveness of harm reduction services for HIV prevention and prevention of drug-related mortality is beyond dispute. The UN General Assembly Special Session on drugs in 2016 is an opportunity to re-energize the commitment to harm reduction pledged by UN member states at the 2001 UNGASS on HIV/AIDS. Funding for proven and cost-effective harm reduction services that protect not only people who use drugs but entire communities should be a top priority. This report details how harm reduction is a central pillar of effective drug response, critical to reaching people who use drugs with services that can help protect them, their families, and their communities. more...
- Published
- 2015
40. Violence, condom negotiation, and HIV/STI risk among sex workers
- Author
-
Joanne Csete and Kate Shannon
- Subjects
Male ,Safe Sex ,Population ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Poison control ,Human sexuality ,HIV Infections ,Public Policy ,Violence ,Social issues ,law.invention ,Condoms ,Condom ,law ,Injury prevention ,Medicine ,Humans ,education ,Sex work ,education.field_of_study ,Cultural Characteristics ,business.industry ,Negotiating ,virus diseases ,Human factors and ergonomics ,General Medicine ,Sex Work ,Female ,business ,Sexuality ,Demography - Abstract
This article focuses on the link between violence against sex workers and condom use which is key to understanding why some sex worker populations are particularly vulnerable to elevated rates of HIV/STI infection compared with the general population. more...
- Published
- 2010
41. People who use drugs, HIV, and human rights
- Author
-
Joanne Csete, Chris Beyrer, Joseph J Amon, Stefan Baral, and Ralf Jürgens
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Vulnerability ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Coercion ,Criminology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Health Services Accessibility ,Denial ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Humans ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous ,media_common ,Human rights ,business.industry ,Law enforcement ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Human Rights Abuses ,Substance abuse ,Prisons ,Immunology ,Drug and Narcotic Control ,Crime ,business - Abstract
We reviewed evidence from more than 900 studies and reports on the link between human rights abuses experienced by people who use drugs and vulnerability to HIV infection and access to services. Published work documents widespread abuses of human rights, which increase vulnerability to HIV infection and negatively affect delivery of HIV programmes. These abuses include denial of harm-reduction services, discriminatory access to antiretroviral therapy, abusive law enforcement practices, and coercion in the guise of treatment for drug dependence. Protection of the human rights of people who use drugs therefore is important not only because their rights must be respected, protected, and fulfilled, but also because it is an essential precondition to improving the health of people who use drugs. Rights-based responses to HIV and drug use have had good outcomes where they have been implemented, and they should be replicated in other countries. more...
- Published
- 2010
42. Hunger and the academy: Training nutritionists for the 1990s
- Author
-
Joanne Csete
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Nutrition training ,Multidisciplinary approach ,business.industry ,Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Social reality ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine ,Public relations ,business ,Training (civil) ,media_common - Abstract
The changing picture of nutritional problems in the world, as well as fundamental shifts in our perception of their causes, continually pose new questions regarding ... [the] emphasis of nutrition training. The changes are felt particularly strongly at universities ... [that] are expected to bring out people who can appreciate the frontiers of current thinking . ... [There is] apparent agreement among most nutritionists that nutrition is a multi-faceted problem which can only be solved through multidisciplinary approaches. For while such statements are popular for rounding off scientific papers with the slightest connection with social reality, they are considerably diluted when it comes to transforming them into training for future specialists. -Wenche Barth Eide (1) more...
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Prevalence of Anemia in a WIC Population
- Author
-
Joanne Csete, Susan Partington, and Susan Nitzke
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Pediatrics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Poverty ,Anemia ,business.industry ,Population ,medicine.disease ,Iron-deficiency anemia ,El Niño ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Food service ,education ,business ,Socioeconomic status ,Food Science - Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Progress or backsliding on HIV and illicit drugs in 2008?
- Author
-
Daniel Wolfe and Joanne Csete
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,United Nations ,MEDLINE ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Global Health ,Substance abuse ,Political science ,Global health ,medicine ,Drug and Narcotic Control ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous - Published
- 2008
45. The International Narcotics Control Board and HIV/AIDS
- Author
-
Joanne, Csete and Daniel, Wolfe
- Subjects
Needle-Exchange Programs ,Harm Reduction ,Human Rights ,International Cooperation ,Prevalence ,Drug and Narcotic Control ,Humans ,HIV Infections - Published
- 2007
46. Indonesia: on the road to a harm reduction model?
- Author
-
Joanne, Csete
- Subjects
Harm Reduction ,Indonesia ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Models, Theoretical ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous - Published
- 2007
47. Male circumcision and HIV prevention: a human rights and public health challenge
- Author
-
Joanne, Csete
- Subjects
Male ,Informed Consent ,Circumcision, Male ,Human Rights ,Health Policy ,Humans ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Public Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
Three recent randomized clinical trials from Africa concluded that male circumcision can lead to a significant reduction in HIV risk for men. As a result, an exponential scale-up of services required to circumcise men is already figuring in the thinking of AIDS policy-makers at many levels. At this writing, the World Health Organization (WHO) is reviewing the three studies and other evidence, and is developing policy recommendations for making this HIV prevention intervention widely available. WHO says that this policy exercise"will need to take into account cultural and human rights considerations associated with promoting circumcision,"among other factors. In this article, Joanne Csete identifies some of the most important human rights questions that should be taken into account in the development of guidelines for national governments. The author argues that a scale-up of services to provide male circumcision provides an excellent opportunity to address issues concerning the subordination of women. more...
- Published
- 2007
48. 'Second on the needle': human rights of women who use drugs
- Author
-
Joanne, Csete
- Subjects
Human Rights ,Patient-Centered Care ,Humans ,Female ,Crime ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous ,Health Services Accessibility - Abstract
Women likely experience drug use in ways that are different than men, and may face discrimination based both on their status as drug users and their status as women. In this article, which is based on a presentation at a satellite session prior to the conference, Joanne Csete reviews existing data on women's use of drugs, and discusses the barriers in accessing health services faced by women who use drugs. The author concludes that there is an urgent need for rights-based, women-centered services for women who use drugs. more...
- Published
- 2007
49. 12 Rhetoric and Reality: HIV/AIDS as a Human Rights Issue
- Author
-
Joanne Csete
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Harm reduction, HIV/AIDS, and the human rights challenge to global drug control policy
- Author
-
Joanne Csete, Evan Wood, Thomas Kerr, and Richard Elliott
- Subjects
Drug ,Economic growth ,Health (social science) ,De facto ,Sociology and Political Science ,Human Rights ,Anti-HIV Agents ,media_common.quotation_subject ,HIV Infections ,Health Promotion ,Global Health ,Health Services Accessibility ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Drug control ,Harm Reduction ,medicine ,Humans ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous ,media_common ,Harm reduction ,Human rights ,business.industry ,Addiction ,Health Policy ,Drug policy reform ,medicine.disease ,Law ,Political Science and International Relations ,Drug and Narcotic Control ,business - Abstract
The global HIV/AIDS pandemic has added to the list of harms associated with unsafe drug use and provided yet further evidence that the dominant, prohibitionist approach to illicit drugs is not only ineffective but also counterproductive. Embodying this approach, international drug control treaties cast a chill over - or in some cases, may prohibit, de jure or de facto - implementation of measures proven effective in reducing the spread of HIV. Furthermore, a prohibitionist paradigm engenders policies and practices that inhibit drug users' access to care, treatment, and support, be it for HIV disease, addiction, overdose, or other health concerns. Consequently, the HIV/AIDS pandemic has intensified debate over the norms and institutions of the global drug control regime. In part because of the increasingly apparent devastation of injection drug use and associated spread of HIV, pressure is mounting for drug policy reform at the international as well as domestic level. AIDS has upped the more...
- Published
- 2006
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