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The relational uprooting faced by young unaccompanied minors, when they undertake a migratory process, it places them in a situation of extreme vulnerability. Timeshare in the Center for Minors offered relationships between themselves, which are later maintained and reflected on social networking sites. The content that can be shared on social networking sites could condition the subsequent migratory itinerary travel and the migratory chains that are formed. In this study, the profiles on social networking sites of 51 unaccompanied minors were analyzed one year after having passed through a Center for Minors located in Malaga (Spain). Through social networks analysis, netnography and certain algorithms for community detection, cohesion and emotion analysis, the connectedness and interaction patterns shown by these young people on social networking sites (Facebook) will be analyzed, identifying leaderships and detecting communities that influence the formation of migratory chains. The results show how the patterns of connectedness, interaction and leadership reflect migratory chains.

Esta obra se arroga el mérito de asumir la complejidad de preguntarse ¿qué funciona en la prevención comunitaria? ¿qué resulta efectivo en la prevención? ¿qué modelos seguir? Los autores abordan estas cuestiones desde una visión holística, que comprende la investigación y la intervención como vasos comunicantes que se retroalimentan mutuamente. La ciencia social inmersa en su labor investigadora puede llegar a desvincularse de la realidad, de lo que ocurre en la cotidianidad de las trincheras, donde los profesionales en sus organizaciones, desbordados por la tarea, no tienen capacidad de poder investigar, de poder reflexionar sobre lo que se hace y cómo se hace. Esta brecha entre investigación y práctica viene a ser cubierta por esta obra, que se nutre ampliamente de los resultados de las publicaciones científicas que versan sobre intervenciones sociales para poder reflexionar a través de lecturas recomendadas, ejemplos y casos prácticos sobre lo que funciona mejor en la prevención comunitaria. El libro se compone de dos partes: una primera, que se ocupa de contextualizar los fundamentos teóricos clave acerca de la prevención y la intervención comunitaria, y una segunda que ilustra modelos y ejemplos mediante casos prácticos.

Brain networks involved in working and spatial memory are closely intertwined, outlining a potential relation between these processes, which are also affected in non-pathological aging. Working memory is a pre-requisite for other complex cognitive processes. The main aim of this study is to explore how working memory capacity (WMC) can influence the asymmetrical decline in spatial orientation strategies in an older segment of population compared to young participants. Forty-eight older adults and twelve young students took part in the study. Working memory and spatial memory were assessed using the Change Localization Task and The Boxes Room Task, respectively. In The Boxes Room Task, two different configurations assessed the use of egocentric and allocentric reference frames. Results showed that older adults with better WMC outperformed those with lower WMC in several tasks. Independently of WMC capacity, older participants performed better in the allocentric condition of The Boxes Room. In addition, young participants outscored low WMC older participants, but did not differ from high WMC older adults. Overly, these findings support the important relationship between working memory capacity and spatial orientations abilities. Thus, basic cognitive mechanisms engaged in information processing could inform about other brain processes more complex in nature, like spatial orientation skills.

Introducción y objetivo: La faringoamigdalitis aguda de etiología bacteriana requiere tratamiento antibiótico, los criterios de Centor modificados por McIsaac son una herramienta de predicción clínica útil para identificar a los pacientes con faringoamigdalitis bacteriana cuya etiología es causada por Estreptococo β-Hemolítico del Grupo A. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar la evidencia médica disponible y accesible sobre la eficacia terapéutica de los criterios de Centor modificados por MacIsaac y utilizados para el diagnóstico e inicio de tratamiento antibiótico en faringoamigdalitis aguda en niños. Diseño metodológico: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en la base de datos MEDILINE a través del metabuscador PUBMED, utilizando los siguientes tesauros en la estrategia de búsqueda “preescolares” AND “Diagnóstico” AND “Faringitis” OR “amigdalitis”. Se emplearon como criterios de inclusión artículos científicos publicados entre 2005-2020, sin restricción de idiomas, con diseño metodológico analítico transversal, cohorte. Los siguientes criterios de exclusión: estudio duplicados y publicados fuera del periodo de estudio y búsqueda, estudios con deficiente calidad metodológica tras aplicar la herramienta STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology). Resultados Se incluyeron 9 artículos, los cuales cumplieron con más de diez ítems contenidos en la herramienta STROBE. La evidencia incluida en dos investigaciones menciona la importancia de la utilización de estos criterios como filtro para diferenciar a los pacientes con faringoamigdalitis bacteriana de la vírica, haciendo hincapié en su utilidad para fundamentar la prescripción antibiótica en los pacientes. Cinco artículos mencionan que deben utilizarse de manera complementaria con pruebas paraclínicas para confirmar el diagnóstico certero de infección estreptocócica. Dos investigaciones demostraron que la anamnesis y exploración son importantes para el diagnóstico, pero no suficientes, evidenciando que los pacientes pediátricos que cumplían tres o más criterios tienen aproximadamente dos veces más riesgo de infección estreptocócica. Conclusiones: La probabilidad de tener una infección estreptocócica aumenta a medida que se cumplen los criterios de Centor modificados por MacIsaac por lo que el clínico debe consignar en el expediente un examen orofaríngeo exhaustivo para evaluar la presencia o ausencia de estos criterios, los cuales debe complementar con las pruebas paraclínicas para un diagnóstico certero.

Introduction To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on (1) number of clinical visits, (2) magnetic resonance (MR) scans, and (3) treatment prescriptions in a multiple sclerosis (MS) referral centre. Methods Retrospective study covering January 2018 to May 2021. Results The monthly mean (standard deviation [SD]) of visits performed in 2020 (814[137.6]) was similar to 2018 (741[99.7]; p = 0.153), and 2019 (797[116.3]; p = 0.747). During the COVID-19 period (2020 year), 36.3% of the activity was performed through telemedicine. The number of MR scans performed dropped by 76.6% during the “first wave” (March 14 to June 21, 2020) compared to the mean monthly activity in 2020 (183.5[68.9]), with a recovery during the subsequent two months. The monthly mean of treatment prescriptions approved in 2020 (24.1[7.0]) was lower than in 2019 (30[7.0]; p = 0.049), but similar to 2018 (23.8[8.0]; p = 0.727). Natalizumab prescriptions increased in the “first wave” and onwards, whereas anti-CD20 prescriptions decreased during the COVID-19 period. Conclusion Maintenance of the number of clinical visits was likely due to telemedicine adoption. Although the number of MR dramatically dropped during the “first wave”, an early recovery was observed. Treatment prescriptions suffered a slight quantitative decrease during 2020, whereas substantial qualitative changes were found in specific treatments.

Social networking services are becoming parallel socialization universes. In these digital contexts, people tend to connect with others who share their perspectives and opinions about the world. Emerging voices are warning about the growing homophily resulting from these forms of socialization, which can have a negative impact on tolerance to diversity and the quality of social capital. Relational approach disciplines such as social work can provide digital skills and competences to improve the manner in which these services are used. In this article, the authors analyse how patterns of connectedness among social work graduates affect tolerance to diversity and social capital. A sample of 126 social work graduates was analysed to assess their connectedness patterns on Facebook. Participants were also asked about their digital competences and skills in order to know how these variables can mediate the achievement of tolerance to diversity and social capital. Results show that higher connectedness, when social work graduates have digital skills on Facebook, leads to higher tolerance to diversity and social capital. In order to counteract homophily, social workers must encourage users to acquire digital skills thus increasing tolerance for diversity.

In this article, we present the results of a strategy to disseminate best social work practices during periods of social lockdown in Spain, in a climate characterised by post-truth, misinformation and fake news. Social work is challenged with the task of delivering reliable and quality information aimed at building a better society. At the time of writing, Spain was one of the countries most affected by COVID-19, with one of the highest numbers of deaths per million inhabitants in the world. With the population in lockdown, our strategy was to design a series of innovative web seminars on both the subject and the procedures involved in social work, with the aim of sharing information and best practices to counter disinformation campaigns on social media. The results show the growing demand – both by citizens in general and students and professionals in particular – for reliable information in the field of professional practice. One of the priorities of digital social work must be to disseminate its results in the digital environment.

espanolRESUMEN La mayor conectividad que ofrecen las redes sociales online ha posibilitado el auge de dinamicas interactivas ineditas hasta hace poco. Los trabajadores sociales estan utilizando estos medios digitales, generando comunidades de practica desdelas que intercambian informacion y cooperan. Utilizando netnografia y analisis de redes sociales hemos observamos la presencia, la identidad y las pautas de conectividad e interaccion en LinkedIn de 170 trabajadores sociales que trabajabanen 41 organizaciones en un contexto determinado. Mediante determinados algoritmos hemos identificado comunidades implicitas, analizando la cohesion entre los miembros. Los resultados revelan pautas de conectividad e interaccion que dan lugar a comunidades de practica en LinkedIn en torno a dominios y practicas de los trabajadores sociales. Se discuten las posibilidades de establecer y mantener relaciones en LinkedIn y la oportunidad de incorporar las redes sociales onlinea la intervencion social como formula de innovacion social que mejore el intercambio de informacion y la cooperacion entre profesionales y organizaciones. EnglishABSTRACT Social networking sites have enabled a high connectedness leading to unprecedented interactive dynamics. Social workers are using these digital means and are generating communities of practice through which they cooperate and shareinformation. Through netnography and analysis of social networking sites we have observed the presence, identity, and connectedness, and interaction patterns on LinkedIn of 170 social workers who worked at 41 organizations from specificcontexts. Implicit communities were identified through various algorithms, thus analyzing leadership and cohesion of their members. Results show connectedness and interaction patterns that lead to the creation of communities of practice on LinkedIn based on social work domains and practices. The possibility of establishing and maintaining relationships on LinkedIn and applying social networking sites to social intervention as an innovative strategy to improve information exchange and cooperation between professionals and organizations is addressed in the discussion.

Background: The effect of disease-modifying therapies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine response is unclear. Objectives: We aim to determine the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in multiple sclerosis (MS) and anti-CD20-treated patients with other autoimmune diseases (AID). Methods: Humoral and cellular responses we determined before and 30-90 days after vaccination in patients with MS and anti-CD20-treated patients with other AID in two Catalan centers. Results: 457 patients were enrolled. Findings showed that humoral response decreased under anti-CD20s or sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRM) and with longer treatment duration and increased after 4.5 months from the last anti-CD20 infusion. Cellular response decreased in S1PRM-treated. Patients on anti-CD20 can present cellular responses even in the absence of antibodies. Conclusion: Anti-CD20s and S1PRM modify the immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

En un contexto de transformación digital acelerado las redes sociales online modifican las estrategias organizacionales de comunicación. En este artículo analizamos mediante netnografía y análisis de redes sociales los procesos de conectividad, de interacción y de liderazgo de los Colegios de Trabajo Social en España en las redes sociales online, concretamente en Facebook y Twitter. A través de determinados algoritmos hemos detectado comunidades que conforman estructuras de comunicación que condicionan las dinámicas de cooperación y cohesión. Los resultados muestran una estructura de comunicación fuertemente jerarquizada, con comunidades que tienden al cierre. Basado en los resultados obtenidos, presentamos una serie de estrategias para mejorar la cooperación entre los Colegios de Trabajo Social en España en las redes sociales online.

Isolation is a clear indicator of social exclusion. To tackle it, we wondered if it would be possible to improve digital skills and strengthen bonds through online groups on a social networking site. This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out in Malaga (Spain) with unemployed users of social care services. From the perspective of social work practice with groups, this study aims at strengthening bonds and mutual help through improving digital skills. This was carried out using a Facebook group as a shared space for community empowerment. To know the impact of these interactions, netnography and social network analysis were conveyed, as well as algorithms to identify communities and assess cohesion. Results showed that Facebook groups may be effective tools to promote active learning and mutual support and which can be used effectively by social workers.

In a transnational context defined by the irruption of COVID-19 and the social isolation it has generated around the world, social networking sites are essential channels for communicating and developing new forms of social coexistence based on connectivity and interaction. This study analyzes the feelings expressed on Twitter through the hashtags #YoMeQuedoEnCasa, #stayhome, #jeresteàlamaison, #restealamaison, #stoacasa, #restaacasa, #ficaemcasa, #euficoemcasa, #ichbleibezuHause and #Bleibzuhause, and the communicative and social processes articulated from network participation, during the lockdown in 2020. Through Gephi software, the aspects underlying the communicative interaction and the distribution of the network at a global level are studied, with the identification of leaderships, communities and connectivity nodes. As a result of this interaction, the emergence of social and organizational links derived from community participation and motivated by the common interest of preserving health and general wellbeing through collective action is detected. The study notes the presence of feelings of solidarity, a sense of community and social support among connected crowds who, despite being in geographically dispersed settings, share similar concerns about the virus effect.

Recent research has proven that Facebook groups are efficient tools that support learning and promote cooperation and social connectedness particularly amongst young graduates. The aim of t...

Our current age of connectedness has facilitated a boom in interactive dynamics within social networking sites. It is, therefore, possible for the field of Social Work to draw on these advantages i...

Traditionally, the medial temporal lobe has been considered a key brain region for spatial memory. Nevertheless, executive functions, such as working memory, also play an important role in complex behaviors, such as spatial navigation. Thus, the main goal of this study is to clarify the relationship between working memory capacity and spatial memory performance. Spatial memory was assessed using a virtual reality-based procedure, the Boxes Room task, and the visual working memory with the computer-based Change Localization Task. One hundred and twenty-three (n = 123) participants took part in this study. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) revealed a statistically significant relationship between working memory capacity and spatial abilities. Thereafter, two subgroups n = 60, were formed according to their performance in the working memory task (1st and 4th quartiles, n = 30 each). Results demonstrate that participants with high working memory capacity committed fewer mistakes in the spatial task compared to the low working memory capacity group. Both groups improved their performance through repeated trials of the spatial task, thus showing that they could learn spatial layouts independent of their working memory capacity. In conclusion, these findings support that spatial memory performance is directly related to working memory skills. This could be relevant for spatial memory assessment in brain lesioned patients.

Objective: To (1) compare the 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) performance between the push press, push jerk, and split jerk and (2) explore these differences between weightlifters, CrossFit athletes, and a mixed group of athletes. Methods: Forty-six resistance-trained males (age 28.8 [6.4] y; height 180.0 [6.0] cm; body mass 84.1 [10.2] kg; weightlifting training experience 3.64 [3.14] y) participated in this study. The 1RM performance of the push press, push jerk, and split jerk was assessed during the same session in a sequential order (ie, combined 1RM assessment method). Thirty-six participants were retested to determine between-sessions reliability of the 1RM values. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) showed a high between-sessions reliability for the push press (ICC = .98; 95% CI, .95–.99), push jerk (ICC = .99; 95% CI, .98–1.00), and split jerk (ICC = .99; 95% CI, .98–1.00). There was a significant main effect of exercise (η2 = .101) and exercise × group interaction (η2 = .012) on 1RM performance (P P = .175). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the weightlifting overhead press derivatives affect 1RM performance. In addition, the interaction of exercise and sport group was caused by the higher differences in 1RM performance between exercises for weightlifters compared with CrossFit and a mixed group of athletes. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals should be aware that the differences in 1RM performance between weightlifting overhead-press derivatives may be affected by sport group.

Research on youth transitions, and the well-being of young people, has to take into consideration the digital context in which they are immersed. Digital interaction of young people increase year by year, social networking sites play a key role in their personal and professional relationships, and a very high percentage of jobs require digital skills. According to Eurostat (2019), participating on social networking sites (one of the most common online activities in the EU-28), is growing every year [more than half (56%) of individuals aged 16–74 used the internet for social networking sites], and this percentage increases among the younger generations. In this article, we present the results of our research on the digital skills and well-being of young people on Facebook, based on a survey with a sample of 126 young people graduated from the University of Málaga (School of Social Work) (Spain). Based on certain scales, the level of digital skills that students have on Facebook was measured, considering strategic aspects for information search, level of use and presence of Facebook in life, maintenance of relations and tolerance to diversity. Variables of psychosocial well-being were also measured (social capital, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and personal well-being). Variables of digital skills on Facebook were subsequently related to well-being variables. Results show that certain digital skills relate to the well-being of young people. In this sense, we deem it crucial to develop education policies that could provide young graduates with general digital skills to be used on social networking sites.

Spatial memory enables us to locate places and objects in space, to determine our position and manage spatial relationships in our environment. Our operations are displayed in a space that sometimes is inaccessible. In this case, the impossibility of movement within the context forces individuals to rely on the information gathered from limited viewpoints. This study investigates the use of walking and non-walking spaces using two equivalent virtual reality tasks in which displacement is only permitted in one of them. One hundred and fifty participants were divided into three age groups: 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 year-old subjects. The starting position changed pseudo-randomly and two difficulty levels were set, with one and three positions to be found. Results provided evidence for 70-79 year-old people impairment of their spatial abilities compared with 50-59 and 60-69 year-old groups. In both difficulty conditions, participants made more errors in the non-walking space than in the walking space. All participants showed an improvement in the last trials of the task. Moreover, sexual dimorphism was registered in the high level of difficulty, in which men outperformed women. This study supports the idea that aging impairs the organization of spatial representations of the environment, and that this aspect is more noticeable in conditions where displacement is limited.

Social network services are allowing more social connectivity and making possible sharing information and knowledge of a different nature. This article analyses if social workers related to active ...

El desarrollo de los proyectos eólicos en los últimos años en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, han impactado en las formas socioculturales de las comunidades indígenas zapotecas de la región. Como respuesta a estos proyectos eólicos han surgido movimientos sociales indígenas zapotecas que se oponen a las empresas privadas que se han visto beneficiadas por la política energética impulsadas por el Estado mexicano. Con base en la literatura sobre la teoría crítica del discurso y los movimientos sociales, analizamos el discurso de resistencia del movimiento social indígena zapoteca de la Asamblea Popular del Pueblo Juchiteco (APPJ) del municipio de Juchitán de Zaragoza, por ser un caso paradigmático de la resistencia a la política pública eólica en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca.