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En los últimos años se ha avanzado notablemente en la caracterización de los materiales lapídeos procedentes de las canteras béticas de Almadén de la Plata, Sevilla, tanto en lo referido a las áreas de extracción como a la distribución de sus productos. El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis de las rutas empleadas para el desplazamiento de la piedra desde la cantera hasta los principales puntos de embarque en el río Guadalquivir. Para ello, en una primera parte se revisan y valoran las propuestas presentadas hasta la fecha por los investigadores según diferentes evidencias y criterios. En un segundo momento se lleva a cabo, como alternativa hoy sometida a índices más objetivables, una propuesta de rutas óptimas por medio de la aplicación de Sistemas de Información Geográfica –sig–. Todo ello, en cualquier caso, sirve para la reflexión sobre los diferentes parámetros que habrían condicionado el transporte de cargas pesadas en la antigüedad y nuestra mayor o menor capacidad para evaluarlos. In recent years notable progress has been made in the characterization of stone materials from the Baetic quarries of Almadén de la Plata (Seville), both in terms of the areas of extraction and the distribution of their products. The present work focuses on the analysis of the routes used to carry the stone from the quarry to the main loading points on the Guadalquivir River. To this purpose, in the first part of the text, the proposals presented to date by the researchers are reviewed and evaluated according to different evidence and criteria. In a second part, a proposal of optimal routes is carried out using the application of Geographic Information System –gis–, as an alternative method now subject to more objective measures. Ultimately, all this prompts some reflection on the different parameters that would have conditioned the transport of heavy loads in antiquity and our greater or lesser capacity to evaluate them.

An increase in walking or hiking activities in natural areas requires improvements in information and advice about trails, including their difficulty, available services and estimated travel time. Comparative studies show remarkable differences between measured and calculated travel times obtained by available predictive procedures (Naismith’s rule, Tobler’s hiking function or MIDE). A new procedure has been designed by combining pre-existing methods (Tobler’s and MIDE), and travel times have been calculated for 21 trails located in different protected natural areas of Spain. Times obtained are compared with travel times measured by individual users and uploaded into specialized walking-hiking websites (Wikiloc). Results show that the new procedure (Modified Tobler) reduces differences between calculated and measured travel times, which makes it suitable not only for trail managers to estimate travel times but also as a key part of pedestrian transport analysis in trail networks.

Las salidas de campo representan un método de enseñanza fuera del aula muy característico de la Geografía y cuentan con una larga trayectoria histórica. En este artículo presentamos la Salida Itinerante de Geografía, una experiencia docente transversal en la que profesores y alumnos universitarios recorren a pie durante varios días seguidos unespacio de carácter natural y rural. La caminata sirve para vertebrar el trabajo de campo, que se organiza por grupos, abordando las distintas claves territoriales y paisajísticas del ámbito. Asimismo, llevamos a cabo una evaluación de esta experiencia docente queservirá para mejorar futuras ediciones. The field trips represent a method of teaching outside the classroom, which is very characteristic in Geography and have a long history. In this paper we present the Salida Itinerante de Geografía, a cross-cutting teaching experience where university teachers and students walk for several days through natural and rural areas. The hike serves to vertebrate the field work, which is organized by groups and themes, addressing the different territorial keys of the area. Likewise, an evaluation of this teaching experience is carried out as a feedback to improve future editions. Les sorties de terrain constituent une méthode d’enseignement en dehors de la salle de cours caractéristiques de la Géographie qui ont une longue trajectoire historique. Dans cet article, nous présentons la Salida Itinerante de Geografía, une expérience d’enseignement transversale dans laquelle les enseignants et les élèves du parcourent un espace à caractère naturel et rural. La randonnée sert à structurer le travail sur le terrain, organisé en groupes qui abordent les aspectsles plus remarquables du parcours du point de vue territorial. En outre, nous avons effectué une évaluation de cette expérience éducative qui serviront de feedback à appliquer dans les éditions à venir. Fil: Miguel García Martín. Universidad de Sevilla; España Fil: Arsenio Villar Lama. Universidad de Sevilla; España Fil: Pablo Fraile Jurado. Universidad de Sevilla; España Fil: Sanchez Carnero, Noela Belen. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR - CONICET); Argentina Fil: Márquez Pérez, Joaquín. Universidad de Sevilla; España

Forest fires are a critical environmental problem facing current societies, with serious repercussions at ecological, economic and personal safety levels. Detailed maps enabling identification of areas liable to be affected is an indispensable first step allowing different prevention and protection measures vis-&agrave, vis this kind of phenomenon. These maps could be especially valuable for use in land management and emergency planning at a municipality scale. A methodology is shown for producing local maps of mid- and short-term forest fire risk, integrating both natural and human factors. Among natural factors, variables normally used in hazard models are considered as fuel models, slopes or vegetation moisture stress. From the human perspective, more novel aspects have been evaluated, meant either to assess human-induced hazard (closeness to forestland of causative elements or the ability of people to penetrate the forest environment), or to assess vulnerability, considering the population&rsquo, s location in urban centres and scattered settlements. The methodology is applied in a municipality of Andalusia (Spain) and obtained results were compared to burned areas maps.

Although the megalithic phenomenon in southern Iberia has received attention since the mid 19th century, there has been very little attention paid to the role that megalithic structures played in the organisation of prehistoric landscapes. Just as in other areas of Europe, however, southern Iberian megalithic structures must have played complex roles in the social organisation of landscapes that go far beyond their use as funerary containers. Using examples from our work in southern Iberia, we employ GIS-based spatial analysis to explore for the first time various aspects of the landscape dimension of these monuments. We discuss three case studies for which fresh field data have been recently made available. In the first (Almaden de la Plata) we find patterns of association between medieval transhumance routes and megaliths and we use cost-surface modelling to suggest that medieval routes may reflect earlier, prehistoric patterns of movement which in turn suggests that megalithic structures functioned in this area as waypoints within an emerging mobility system for people and livestock. In the second case (Aroche) we show correlations between the locations of megaliths and theoretical territories defined by isochrones and contrast this pattern with the distribution of non-megalithic funerary sites of the Early Bronze Age, concluding that the spatial distribution of megaliths in this region may relate to their role as landmarks. Lastly we describe a far more specific relationship we have encountered in the Antequera region where we believe we have identified a relationship between the orientation of the megalithic structure of Menga, a prominent natural feature and several newly-discovered prehistoric sites. Together, these three examples suggest that the current focus on typology, chronology and contents in the study of Iberian megaliths needs to be matched with efforts to identify and interpret the often highly complex structure of the prehistoric landscapes of which they form an integral part.

The El Rompido spit at the mouth of the River Piedras in SW Spain currently forms a notable example of a right angled estuary. This spectacular geomorphological unit, and the rapid rate of longitudinal progradation that have characterized its more recent evolution, has drawn the attention of many investigators. This chapter summarizes some of the cartographic results of a study of the spit’s recent evolution using various different data and information sources including maps, charts, aerial photographs, and satellite images analysed in a GIS.

Este segundo artículo en torno a MAPA muestra los principales resultados del dictamen técnico ?Elaboración de un Índice de Perdurabilidad de sitios arqueológicos andaluces? para el proyecto Mapa Andaluz de Predicción Arqueológica, en el que han colaborado el Instituto Andaluz de Patrimonio Histórico de la Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía y la Universidad de Sevilla.