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Spiders collected as part of a rapid biodiversity survey in lowland forest in Democratic Republic Congo contained a new species of Cangoderces Harington, 1951 (Telemidae). The male of the new Cangoderces wewef sp. n. is characterized by the male palp with a deep triangular dorsal indentation of the bulbus and the apophyses at the base of the embolus. The female is recognized by the shape of the sclerotized spermatheca in the endogyne. The presence of the species in DR Congo fills the huge distribution gap between the species known from South Africa, Kenya and western Africa.

Hog deer (Axis porcinus) were once widespread throughout much of lowland Southern Asia, but numbers rapidly declined during the last two decades. In Cambodia, the species was considered extinct until 2006 when a small number of individuals (presumedly spp. annamiticus) was rediscovered along the western bank of the Mekong River, near Kratie. Since reliable data on this population are lacking, we conducted two camera trap surveys to investigate hog deer habitat use, activity patterns and density. In the first survey, camera traps were placed in a random regular grid covering all main habitat types in the region, enabling us to verify hog deer presence/absence and identify habitat use. We found that hog deer were confined to a remnant patch of tall moist grassland of approximately 2 km(2), at least in the dry season. The follow-up survey was conducted exclusively in this tall grassland patch, in which we estimated hog deer activity patterns and density using kernel density estimation and a simplified version of the random encounter model (REM). Cameras were active for a total of 1770 camera trap days, during which 609 independent hog deer encounters were recorded. Density was estimated to be 41.8 (CI: 37.93-45.72) individuals km(-2), equating to an estimated abundance of 84 individuals. Hog deer activity was mainly crepuscular and nocturnal. We conclude that the recently rediscovered hog deer population in Kratie province is extremely vulnerable to extinction due to its small size and its complete dependency on a tiny remnant patch of core habitat. Conservation and restoration actions to preserve and restore prime habitat are urgently required to prevent local extinction.

A review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 is presented, including diagnoses, illustrations of diagnostic characters, and distribution maps for all species. A key to the known males and females is provided. Eleven new species are described: P. akan Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano. sp. nov., P. chaak Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. chiarae Ortega-Salas sp. nov., P. esperanza Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. flinti Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. hunnal Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. itzamna Ortega-Salas, Jocque & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. ixchel Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. kauil Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. kinich Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., and P. kukulkan Jocque & Ortega-Salas sp. nov.

Manus Island is part of the Admiralty Islands, a herpetologically rich but poorly studied area. Seven species of Cornufer (von Tschudi, 1838) are known to occur on the island, five of which have been described. Based on material collected from Manus Island in 2014, we here describe the first female of Cornufer manus and the first male of Cornufer vogti. Additionally, we provide new information on intraspecific variation from a further eight adult males of C. manus, two subadults of C. vogti, as well as the first photographs of both species in life.

16. Heteragrion eboratum Donnelly, 1965 Abundant in open sunspots along mid-sized to large, forested rivers at higher elevations. In July‒August males are often seen interacting in a frontal display of territoriality centred around an exposed point such as a stick above the river., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

32. Aeshna williamsoniana Calvert, 1905 Only females were collected. This species was difficult to catch due to high and fast flight, and most collections came from specimens trapped under (blue) tarpaulins in the camps. The species was widespread across CNP in open areas mostly close to or around the large rivers. New record for Honduras., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

7. Palaemnema sp. 3 (nr. paulirica) Its current status is uncertain pending further studies., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

8. Palaemnema lorae Jocque & Garrison, n. sp. Figs. 2–4, 6–10 Holotype ♂: HONDURAS: Cortés Dept., CNP, Cantiles, Trail 5, small river close to camp, N15.513457 W88.241681; 1846m, 23 June 2012 collected by Merlijn Jocque, field code: BINCO _HON_12_047 (RBINS). Paratypes: same data but: 20 June 2013, 1♂; same data but: 4 August 2013, 1♂; same data but: 30 July 2015, 1♂; same data but: 9 June 2017, 1♂; Cortecito camp, N15.521825 W88.288277, 1363m, 29 June 2011, collected by Merlijn Jocque, 1♂; field codes: BINCO _HON_11_029, BINCO _HON_13_038-039, BINCO _HON_15_051, BINCO _HON_17_007 (RWG); El Danto camp, Tr 4, CNP, Honduras, N15.53593 W88.2854, 1481m, 28 June 2014, collected by Merlijn Jocque, 2♂♂; field codes: BINCO _HON_14_091-092 (MJ). Etymology: Named lorae (Latinized name) after Lore Geeraert, friend of the senior author who contributed to the study of dragonflies in CNP and in honor of her love for all living things and the rainforest. Description of holotype (colors not well preserved, Fig. 2) Head: labium ivory white with tips of median and lateral lobes and movable hook becoming black; maxilla palp ivory white, maxillary palps black; labrum pale margined apically in black; genae, clypeus and base of mandibles pale; antefrons pale, postfrons pale margined basally with black; remainder of head black with metallic reflections and with an obscure brown spot laterad to lateral ocellus; rear of head entirely black; transverse occipital carina present but poorly developed, its lateral extremity not angular or pronounced but merging with remainder of occipital lobe. Thorax. Prothorax black dorsally, lateral portion of middle lobe pale; propleuron black; most of mesepisterum including dorsal carina black, merging above with black on mesepisternum, pale antehumeral stripe narrow, enlarged basally and narrowing dorsally and ending before antealar sinus; posterior half of mesepimeron and anterior half of metepisternum pale; broad black metepleural stripe present, its posterior margin of varied outline, an obscure pale spot just below antealar carina and anterior to obsolete mesopleural suture (Figs. 2, 6), venter of thorax ivory; coxae and trochanters ivory (possibly blue in life); femora pale but darkened apically, protibia largely black; meso- and metatibiae mostly pale with obscure dark areas along margins; tarsi and armature black. Wings hyaline, venation (Fig. 8, paratype) black; pterostigma elongate, rhomboid, brown, surmounting 1 ¾ cells in all wings; Px Fw: 19/20, Hw 18/17; RP 2 at Fw 8/8, Hw: 7/7; IR 1 at Fw 10/9, Hw 9/9; MP ending at level origin of IR 1 in Fw, 2.5 cells distal to origin of IR 1 in Hw. Abdomen including appendages black except for obscure lateral basal rings on S4–7 (Figs. 2–4). Genital ligula (Fig. 9) of type B of Calvert (1931). Cercus (Fig. 9) semicircular armed above with a small dorsal tooth at 0.5 of appendage length, apex of cercus entire; paraproct semicircular, about ¾ length of cercus, the distal 0.50 laminar, concave medially, its tip ending in a simple medially directed unmodified spine. Dimensions: Hw 33, abdomen 48, total length 57. Variation in paratypes: Extent of black on mesepimeron varies with two males with entire mesepimeron black (Fig. 7). Px Fw: 20–21; Hw: 18–20; RP 2 at Fw 6–8, Hw: 7; IR 1 at Fw 9–11, Hw 8–9; Hw: 32–35; Abdomen:48– 51. Diagnosis: A large species (56–60mm) with pale colors most likely blue in life (Fig. 3) with tip of paraproct ending in a simple acute tip (Fig. 9). Male of P. lorae is larger than any known congener with the exception of P. gigantula Calvert, 1931. However, in the latter species the wings are comparatively shorter with the Hw extending about midway to S5 (Fig. 5) compared to about midway to S 6 in P. lorae (Fig. 2). S8–10 are primarily blue in P. gigantula but entirely black in P. lorae. Male of P. lorae keys in Calvert (1931) to couplet OO (Abdominal segment nine black) then to P. carmelita Ris, 1918 (RR. Superior appendages with apex not excised, superior tooth at 0.48– 0.53 of appendage length; basal tooth of inferiors at a most blunt or triangular tubercle; penis form B; mesepimeron and metepisternum obscure bronze violet) but differs from that species as follows: (contrasting characters for P. carmelita in parentheses): Narrow pale antehumeral stripe present (absent); tip of paraproct ending in a simple medially directed unmodified spine (ending in a spatulate tooth with a shallow apical notch, Fig. 11, enlarged and redrawn from Kennedy, 1938). All examined specimens of P. lorae were preserved in ETOH upon capture and, over time, color pattern became obscured upon drying. Some specimens (including holotype) also suffered thoracic pressure distortions resulting in buckling of the venter of the thorax. Biology: Palaemnema lorae was observed within an elevational range of 1363‒1846m along fast flowing crystal-clear forest streams. Forest was mostly lower montane rain forest. Damselflies were observed moving around during brief moments of sunshine penetrating the often-cloudy environment. Otherwise, a gentle beating of the vegetation close to the river edges could trigger movement of individuals. This species is thus far known only from the type locality where it was rare., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 457, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139, {"references":["Calvert, P. P. (1931) The generic characters and the species of Palaemnema (Odonata: Agrionidae). Transactions American Entomological Society, 57, 1 - 110.","Kennedy, C. H. (1938) Palaemnema picicaudata, P. abbreviata and P. brucelli, new dragonflies from Ecuador, with notes on other Palaemnema. Annals of the Entomological Society America, 31 (2), 249 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 31.2.249"]}

9. Amphipteryx meridionalis González-Soriano, 2010 A common forest damselfly at mid-elevation (1500masl) in CNP. Associated with large rivers and omnipresent in sunspots along the forested rivers. Largely absent along small, shaded streams at high elevation or open rivers at low elevation. The female was first described from CNP (Jocque & Argueta 2014)., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 459, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139, {"references":["Gonzalez-Soriano, E. (2010) A synopsis of the genus Amphipteryx Selys 1853 (Odonata Amphipterygidae). Zootaxa, 2531 (1), 15 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2531.1.2","Jocque, M. & Argueta, I. (2014) A new species in the genus Amphipteryx Selys, 1853 (Odonata, Amphipterygidae) from Pico Bonito National Park, Honduras. ZooKeys, 408, 71 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 408.7174"]}

30. Paraphlebia itzamna Ortega-Salas, Jocque & González-Soriano in Ortega-Salas, González-Soriano & Jocque, 2022 A lowland species that in CNP is most reliably observed in the shaded parts of where smaller streams enter the large river close to Guanales camp., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139, {"references":["Ortega-Salas, H., Gonzalez-Soriano, E. & Jocque, M. (2022) Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species. Zootaxa, 5089 (1), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5089.1.1"]}

20. Argia funebris ( Hagen, 1861) A rare species in CNP, currently only recorded from a single spot at higher elevation close to a waterfall with a lot of bare exposed rock along Río Cusuco, a large rapid flowing river. New record for Honduras., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

33. Oplonaeschna armata (Hagen, 1861) New record for Honduras., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

2. Palaemnema angelina Selys, 1860 A lowland species., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

10. Hetaerina capitalis Selys, 1873 This species is rarely collected within the CNP boundaries, but with occasional observations as high as Guanales camp (1331 masl.)., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

6. Palaemnema sp. 2 Its current status is uncertain pending further studies., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

29. Paraphlebia kukulkan Jocque & Ortega-Salas in Ortega-Salas, González-Soriano & Jocque, 2022 Common along small, shaded forest streams and creeks. This species was only found at higher elevations around 1500 to over 1900masl., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139, {"references":["Ortega-Salas, H., Gonzalez-Soriano, E. & Jocque, M. (2022) Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species. Zootaxa, 5089 (1), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5089.1.1"]}

18. Argia cuprea (Hagen, 1861) Only observed at low elevation., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

36. Epigomphus subobtusus Selys, 1878 A relatively common gomphid in CNP that was encountered from low to mid elevation. Sometimes occurring with E. schausi. Adults were regularly seen basking in the sun on higher vegetation, not necessarily close to the water., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

14. Hetaerina rudis Calvert, 1901 This is a rare species in CNP, only observed at higher elevations. The female is as yet known from the original description only and has not been observed in CNP yet. New for Honduras., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

19. Argia elongata Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2019 Only observed at low elevation. The species was described based on material from Cusuco NP (Garrison & von Ellenrieder 2017)., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139, {"references":["Garrison, R. W. & von Ellenrieder, N. (2017) New species of the damselfly genus Argia from Mexico, Central America and Ecuador with an emphasis on Costa Rica (Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Zootaxa, 4035 (1), 1 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4235.1.1"]}

12. Hetaerina infecta Calvert, 1901 Together with H. cruentata this is the most encountered Hetaerina species in CNP., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

4. Palaemnema nathalia Selys, 1886 Individuals from this species are amongst the largest examples seen. This is a widespread species occurring from southern Mexico south through Venezuela., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

44. Sympetrum illotum illotum (Hagen, 1861) Few specimens were collected of this species; mostly from open and sunlit areas around basecamp., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

35. Rhionaeschna jalapensis (Williamson, 1908) A single specimen was collected at mid-elevation in an open sunny spot in mixed pine dominated forest close to Río Cusuco (at basecamp). This species is possibly more common but in flight can easily be confused with R. cornigera., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

5. Palaemnema sp. 1 (nr. paulitaba) The most commonly encountered Palaemnema species in CNP. Its current status is uncertain pending further studies., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

17. Argia chelata Calvert, 1902 This large Argia Rambur, 1842 is common in CNP and often abundant along mid-sized to large rivers., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

24. Megaloprepus caerulatus (Drury, 1782) The largest dragonfly of the world is occasionally observed at low- to mid (1600masl.) elevations in CNP. Observations were mostly opportunistic., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 461, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

11. Hetaerina cruentata (Rambur, 1842) Together with H. infecta this is the most encountered Hetaerina Hagen in Selys, 1853 species in CNP. Hetaerina cruentata is found along the whole elevational range from just 500m in the lowlands to 1900m. Two morphological variations are observed separated by elevation; a small slender and paler variant at low elevation, and a larger, darker variant with more intense red colouring on the wing from around 1500m., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

1. Archilestes grandis (Rambur, 1842) Only recorded at low elevation. New record for Honduras., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

42. Libellula herculea Karsch, 1889 A widely distributed species that was often seen around muddy pools after rains on the dirt road between Buenos Aires and the visitor center in CNP., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

31. Cora marina Selys, 1868 A single specimen was recorded. Localized, currently only known from a population found along a mid-sized forested river at 1363masl. Honduras, Cortés, CNP, on the West side of CNP. Apparently endemic to Honduras., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on pages 461-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

38. Cordulegaster diadema Selys, 1868 This large dragonfly was sometimes caught in mist nets for birds mounted over large rivers in the forest. Some collections came from a central open spot at mid elevation in CNP. New record for Honduras. NOTE: Cordulegaster godmani McLachlan, 1876, was recently considered a junior synonym of C. diadema (Novelo-Gutiérrez 2018)., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139, {"references":["Novelo-Gutierrez, R. (2018) Cordulegaster virginiae sp. nov. from Mexico, including a comparison with C. diadema Selys, 1868, and a redescription of its larva (Odonata: Cordulegastridae). Zootaxa, 4394 (3), 371 - 382. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4394.3.3"]}

40. Brechmorhoga rapax rapax Calvert, 1898 This species shared the same river habitat as B. pertinax but preferred sunlit areas., Published as part of Jocque, Merlijn & Garrison, Rosser, 2022, Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae), pp. 453-476 in Zootaxa 5188 (5) on page 463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7099139

Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) mahimborondrense Moravec & Wiesner sp. nov. (Figs 1–12, 13–16) Type locality. Northwestern Madagascar (district of Bealanana within Sofia Region), Northern Highlands: Mahimborondro protected area, forest near Bekavahy, east of Bemanevika, –14.3006; 48.75161, 1586 m. Type specimens. Holotype ♂ in IRSNB, labelled: “Coll. I. R.Sc.N.B. Madagascar, / Northern Highlands / Mahimborondro, near Bekavahy / –14.3006; 48.75161, 1586 m, / 6.II.2019 leg. Brett Gardner ” [printed] // “ On way to forest / close to camp” [printed]. Allotype ♀ in IRSNB with same label data except for: “near Matsabory Iadan’I Saza / –14.34154; 48.7051, 1616 m / 4.II.2019, leg. Dan Slootmaekers ” [printed] // “On tree trunk / in forest” [printed]. The two type specimens labelled: “ Holotype (“ Allotype ” respectively) / Pogonostoma (s. str.) / mahimborondrense sp. nov. / det. J.Moravec & J.Wiesner [red, printed] // “I.G.: 34.499” [depository number in IRSNB]. Differential diagnosis. This new species is immediately recognizable by its yellow-testaceous apices of femora and bases of tibiae, combined with markedly elongate-cylindric shape of pronotal disc and hooked aedeagus apex. Pogonostoma (P.) gibbosum Rivalier, 1970 is the only other species within the nominotypical subgenus which shares the leg coloration with the new species. It is, however, a species of the P. (P.) gibbosum speciesgroup and immediately differs from the new species in having its pronotal disc subglobose, distinctly gibbose, with tuberculate and densely hairlike setose surface (see Moravec 2007). Description. Body (Figs 1–2) medium-sized (within nominotypical subgenus), male HT 11.1 mm long, 2.80 mm wide, female AT 12.6 mm long, 3.20 mm wide, dorsally pitchy black except for yellow-testaceous apices of femora and basal quarter to third of tibiae; setal vesture white. Head notably smaller than body (but wider than pronotum), width 1.20–1.40 mm, temples rather long, only 2 times shorter than eyes. Frons-vertex. Frons indistinctly separated from clypeus (lacking visible suture) and fluently merging with vertex; supraantennal keels in shape of elevated, shortly sinuous anterolateral edge and smaller but distinct posterior one; frons-vertex and occipital surface rather finely scabriculous-rugulose throughout (partly very irregularly and becoming coarser posteriad) with two shallow sublateral anterolateral impressions which are indistinct in male, better noticeable in female (U-shaped impression unrecognizable); vertex-occipital impression shallow but distinct, more so in female, posterior area including temples with more coarse vermicular rugae, occipital area with more continuous, transverse-wavy rugae; anterior and median surface covered with rather copious whitish microsetae which are barely visible when impressed and therefore appear darkened. Genae wrinkled on their posterior half, with few erected hairlike setae. Clypeus irregularly wrinkled, covered with rather sparse hairlike setae. Labrum black, matt-shiny, sexually dimorphic in number of anterior setae and shape: male labrum (Fig. 5) 6-setose (with 4 anterior, and 2 lateral dark reddish-brown setae), its surface covered with scattered microtrichia; shape almost transverse, length 0.65 mm, width 1.20 mm; lateral margins moderately arcuate towards rather indistinct lateral indentations and distinct, right-angled anterolateral teeth; anteromedian margin irregularly sinuous with small anterior teeth on either side of shallow median excision; female labrum (Fig. 6) notably more elongate, 1.00 mm long, 1.40 mm wide, lateral margins moderately arcuate, attenuated towards rather indistinct lateral indentations and small but acute anterolateral teeth, then prolonged anteriad, forming bilobed anteromedian lobe with irregularly dentate anterior margin on either side of deeper median excision. Maxillae black, lacinia elongate, apex moderately dilated, 0.25–0.29 mm wide; setae reddish-brown. Palpi (Figs 1–2). Both maxillary and labial palpi black except for brownish to brownish-testaceous apical areas of terminal palpomeres (as in other species of the nominotypical subgenus); setae black or with reddish tinge. Mandibles (Fig. 4) black with black-brown teeth (or only their apices), subsymmetrical with only slightly elongate terminal teeth; terminal tooth of left mandible shorter and slimmer than that of right mandible; second tooth in left mandible of male thinner and slightly smaller than third one; in right mandible with third tooth slightly smaller than second tooth (inner teeth in left mandible of female almost equally sized, second tooth of right mandible in female larger than third one). Antennae (Figs 1–2) longer than body in male, shorter in female, entirely black, antennomeres 1–4 with faint metallic greenish lustre (in male HT), with sparse barely visible microtrichia; antennomeres 5–11 with usual greyish micropubescence. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 7–8) notably elongate, length 2.80–3.00 mm, width 1.40-1.65 mm, anterior lobe only slightly narrower than posterior one, very shallowly irregularly or more transversely wrinkled, glabrous; disc markedly elongate-cylindric with almost parallel lateral margins, median line indistinct, notopleural sutures in dorsal view obvious in posterior third only, surface finely but distinctly transversely striate-rugulose throughout, rugae occasionally anastomosing, mostly on anterior and lateral areas; juxtanotopleural areas indistinctly tuberculate (in male with only few tubercles on anterior-juxtanotopleural area); whole discal surface appearing glabrous except for few short, hairlike setae adjacent to notopleural sutures; surface of posterior lobe dull-shiny, lateral areas smooth, median area finely transversely wrinkled; proepisterna mostly with shallow, parallel wrinkles on juxtanotopleural area, with scattered hairlike setae in male, while with only few setae on ventral area in female; prosternum and mesosternum with long, erect, hairlike setae; metasternum with much sparser setae, partly glabrous; mesepisterna smooth, nearly glabrous, with indistinct anterodorsal impression (in both sexes); metepisterna glabrous. Elytra (Figs 9–12) elongate, length 6.30–7.20 mm long, posthumeral lateral bulges moderate in both sexes, outer margins only moderately dilated towards arcuate angles of anteapical convexity in male, slightly more distinctly dilated in female, then narrowed towards apices; apex in male with small but thorn-like external tooth and right-angled inner tooth, shallowly emarginated towards small, right-angled sutural spine; apex in female with small, blunt external tooth and large, notably protruding, subacute inner tooth; elytral surface matt-shiny, regularly convex, with small but distinct basomedian convexity formed by notably deep discal impression, then regularly convex on elytral disc; surface sculpture consisting of mostly large and deep punctures which are larger, deepest and anastomosing in chains on basodiscal convexity (less often anastomosing in male), more spaced and sparser within posterior part of discal impression, again very large on sublateral and lateral areas of elytral disc (spaced and with wider intervals in male, markedly anastomosing in chains in female), while almost effaced on large juxtasutural area of elytral disc including shiny medial area of posterior declivity (in female posterior declivity and also lateral areas of anteapical convexity almost smooth); also elytral base and anterior-humeral areas smooth and shiny; setal vesture regular, consisting of rather short, brightly white ornamental setae, obliquely directed posteriad; sparse hairlike setae present on humeral areas only. Abdomen. Ventrites black, smooth, surface sparsely covered with white appressed microtrichia and with hairlike sensory setae at ventrites margins. Legs (Figs 1–2) notably long; coxae black with brownish apices; pro- and mesotrochanters with brownish tinge, metatrochanters shiny black, glabrous; femora black with bright yellow-testaceous apical area; tibiae black, their basal quarter to third yellow-testaceous; tarsi blackish, longer in male; male protarsi with third tarsomere markedly more dilated; claws black-brown; setal vesture consisting of whitish microtrichia which are very sparse on pro- and mesofemora; metafemora glabrous; protibiae with sparse whitish microtrichia; mesotibiae with denser, whitish microtrichia (as usual densest on apical third), laterally mixed with sparse, mostly darker bristles; metatibiae with much sparser microtrichia and only scattered lateral bristles; tarsi covered with rather dense white microsetae (male protarsi with usual lateral setose pad). Aedeagus (Fig. 3) 2.40 mm long, 0.45 mm wide, apical half almost straight and widest in middle, then conically constricted towards dorsad-hooked apex; basal half almost boomerang-bent (parameres were removed). Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the Mahimborondro protected area. Distribution and ecology (Figs 13–16). Pogonostoma (P.) mahimborondrense Moravec & Wiesner sp. nov. is known only from its type locality in the Mahimborondro protected area in Northern Highlands (administratively Sofia Region of northwestern Madagascar). The landscape includes still intact forest with flora containing typical species endemic to the Sambirano Domain (Goodman et. al. 2018), although the forest of Northern Highlands has prevailingly montane character. The new species was discovered in the course of fieldwork in the western part of Mahimborondro over the course of an expedition 29 January–14 February 2019 which was also attended by the third author of the present paper. The only known male and female of the new species were found at an altitude of 1586–1616 m. The coordinates of the holotype locality show the vicinity of Bekavahy, those of the allotype point towards lake Matsabory Iadan’I Saza, both situated east of the Bemanevika humid zone boundary-line (see Mittermeier et al. (2021) and the maps Figs 15–16); the area is situated about 28 km north of the town of Bealanana (lying outside the protected area). The male holotype was caught in a low forest floor. The beetle was crawling over the leaf litter on the ground near the base of a small moss-covered tree (Brett Gardner pers. com.). The female allotype was encountered during a hike towards an intermediary camp at the lake of Matsabory Iadan’I Saza (Figs 13–14). It was found in a small patch of wet forest on a small tree (about 40 cm in diameter) with almost smooth, bare bark (Dan Slootmaekers pers. com.). Remarks (to the topography and research history). The protected area of Mahimborondro (officially Réserve de Ressources Naturelles de Mahimborondro) is located in the Northern Highlands (Sofia Region, northwestern Madagascar). It forms a corridor that links the protected area of Bemanevika (officially Paysage Harmonieux Protégé de Bemanevika) to the Tsaratanana Massif (Réserve Naturelle Intégrale de Tsaratanàna), and together with these forms part of northwestern Madagascar’s largest protected landscape – Complexe des Aires Protégées d’Ambohimirahavavy–Marivorahona (CAPAM) (Goodman et al. 2018, Mittermeier et al. 2021). The topography, geology, pedology and ecosystems of Bemanevika and Ambondrona (as part of the region Ankaizinana) with maps of the ecosystems of the Sofia Region, were previously described in detail by Ségalen & Tercinier (1951), those of Mahimborondro recently by Goodman et al. (2018). The landscape was given protected area status in April 2015 and is presently managed by The Peregrine Fund Madagascar (Goodman et al. 2018, Mittermeier et al. 2021). This recently designated protected area has been only scarcely surveyed for tiger beetles. Nevertheless, although Mahimborondro or Bemanevika were mentioned neither by historical entomologists such as Horn (1934), Olsoufieff (1934), Jeannel (1946) and Viette (1961), nor by more recent ones (such as Andriamampianina et al. 2001), some historical specimens recorded from Bealanana (such as by Horn, 1934) or labelled “Bealanana” (the neighbouring town south of Bemanevika but outside the protected area) might have been collected in this quite recently established protected area. This includes Pogonostoma (Bathypogonum) levigatum lucens Rivalier, 1970, but more Pogonostoma species and a number of taxa of other genera are known from the neighbouring Tsaratanana Massif (see Moravec 2002, 2007, 2010, 2022). Nevertheless, as mentioned above, the area including Bemanevika was also treated in the past (as a part of the Ankaizinana region), yet still within the large area of Bealanana (Ségalen & Tercinier 1951, Map. 1). Following fieldworks were conducted recently in Mahimborondro during the two above-mentioned expeditions. Results of the ornithological survey were published in Mittermeier et al. (2021); longhorns were studied by Bouyer et al. (2021); spiders by Jocqué & Jocque (2021) and dragonflies by Jocque et al. (2020)., Published as part of Moravec, Jiří, Wiesner, Jürgen & Jocque, Merlijn, 2022, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 26. A new species ofthe genus Pogonostoma Klug from northwestern Madagascar and a revised key to the Pogonostoma (P.) srnkai species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 165-176 in Zootaxa 5169 (2) on pages 168-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6920115, {"references":["Rivalier, E. (1970) Le genre Pogonostoma (Col. Cicindelidae). Revision avec description d'especes nouvelles. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, N ew S eries, 6, 269 - 338.","MORAVEC, J. (2007) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 1. A monograph of the genus Pogonostoma (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, 499 pp.","Mittermeier, J. C., Wright, D. R., Benjara A., Colyn, R., Gardner, B., Jocque, M., Kemp, L., Rene de Roland, A., Slootmaekers, D. & Rene de Roland, L. A-A. (2021) A rapid avifaunal survey of the Mahimborondro Protected Area, northern Madagascar. Malagasy Nature, 14, 44 - 56.","Goodman, S. M., Raherilalao, M. J. & Wohlauser, S. (Eds.) (2018) s. n. In: Les aires protegees terrestres de Madagascar: Leur histoire, description et biote. Tome III. L´ouest et le sud de Madagascar - Synthese / The terrestrial protected areas of Madagascar: Their history, description, and biota. Vol. III. Western and southwestern Madagascar - Synthesis. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, pp. 1233 - 1716.","Segalen, P. & Tercinier, G. (1951) Notice sur la carte pedologique del l'Ankaizinana. Memories del l'institut scientifique de Madagascar, Serie D, 3 (2), 182 - 283.","Horn, W. (1934) Catalogue Bibliographique et synonymique des Cicindelides de Madagascar. In: Horn, W. & Olsoufieff, G., Les Cicindelides de Madagascar (premiere partie). Memories de l'Academie Malgache, 20, 7 - 31, 3 pls.","Olsoufieff, G. (1934) Essai de Revision systematique et Biologie des Cicindelides de Madagascar. In: Horn, W & Olsoufieff, G., Les Cicindelides de Madagascar (deuxieme partie). Memoires de l'Academie Malgache, 20, pp. 31 - 73.","JEANNEL, R. (1946) Coleopteres Carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie). Faune de l'empire francais. Vol. VI. Li- braire Larosse, Paris, 372 pp.","Viette, P. (1961) Principales localites ou des Insectes ont ete recueillis a Madagascar. Chief field stations where Insects were collected in Madagascar. Faune de Madagascar. Supplement 2. Privately published, Paris, 88 pp.","Andriamampianina, L., Kremen, C., Vane Wright, R., Lees, D. C. & Razafimahatratra, V. (2001) Taxic richness patterns and conservation evaluation of Madagascan tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Journal of Insect Conservation, 4, 109 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1009667712512","Bouyer, T., Drumont, A., De Roland, L. A. R., Slootmaekers, D., Pirkl, J., Mittermeier, J. C, Wright, D. R. & Jocque, M. (2021) Notes on a small collection of Prioninae from North-East Madagascar with the description of a new Schizodontus Quentin & Villiers, 1974 (Cerambycidae, Closterini). Zootaxa, 4964 (1), 188 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4964.1.11","Jocque, R. & Jocque, M. (2021) A new species of Katableps (Araneae: Lycosidae) from a remnant forest patch on Madagascar. Arachnology, 18, 1013 - 1016. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2021.18.9.1013","Jocque, M., Slootmakers, D., Wellens, S., De Roland, L. A. R., Mittermeier, J. C. & Wright, D. (2020) Notes on some collections of dragonflies from northern Madagascar. Notulae odonatologicae, 9, 306 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4746222"]}

Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) srnkai species-group Identification. In the concept presented in the monograph of the genus (Moravec 2007) and maintained here, this species-group accommodates species with more subtile body (not exceeding 12.6 mm in length) than those of Pogonostoma (P.) subtile species-group, and possessing moderately or more distinctly gradually dilated apex of lacinia (inner margin not arcuate-convex). Pronotal disc elongate with almost parallel or only moderately convex lateral margins. Elytral punctation more or less effaced on elytral base, juxtasutural areas and posterior declivity, or also on posterolateral areas; elytral discal impression notably deep. Terminal teeth of mandibles (in male) shorter than those in P. (P.) subtile species-group (never distinctly inward-recurved). Aedeagus apex rounded, only in one species hooked (but not thinly uncinate). Revised key to species of Pogonostoma (P.) srnkai species-group 1 Femoral apices and basal areas of tibiae yellow-testaceous. Pronotal disc markedly elongate-cylindric with almost parallel lateral margins. Aedeagus apex hooked...................... P. (P.) mahimborondrense Moravec & Wiesner sp. nov. – All leg segments black (faded to black-brown in old specimens). Pronotal disc cylindric but notably much wider. Aedeagus never hooked........................................................................................ 2 2 External tooth of elytral apex notably protruding and thorn-like in both sexes; inner tooth thorn-like in male, triangular in female. Elytral punctation effaced on basal and narrow juxtasutural areas. Apex of lacinia wider than in other species. Aedeagus bent in middle, apex blunt............................................... P. (P.) externespinosum W. Horn, 1927 – External tooth of elytral apex normally shaped, small, pointed in male, blunt in female. Elytral punctation effaced on notably large or only limited areas. Aedeagus apex with apical portion almost straight or bent dorsad......................... 3 3 Elytral punctures more spaced with large, notably smooth and shiny areas on elytral base, discal impression, elytral disc and posterior declivity. Surface of pronotal disc shallowly striate-rugose, shiny. Labrum 6–9-setose. Apical portion of aedeagus turned ventrad................................................................ P. (P.) srnkai W. Horn, 1893 – Elytral punctation coarse and deep, effaced in much less extent on basal and juxtasutural area only. Surface of pronotal disc with more distinct sculpture. Apical portion of aedeagus never bent ventrad........................................... 4 4 Dorsal surface of metatibiae densely covered with microtrichia on their apical half. Surface of pronotal disc finely striate-rugulose on large median area, notopleural sutures barely obvious in dorsal view. Antennae in female shorter than body. Labrum 6–8-setose (with 5–6 anterior setae). Aedeagus apex slightly dorsad-bent and emarginated, blunt................................................................................................. P. (P.) impressum Rivalier, 1970 – Dorsal surface of metatibiae well obvious through sparse microtrichia. Surface of pronotal disc coarsely cristulate-rugose, posterior parts of notopleural sutures clearly obvious in dorsal view. Antennae in both sexes longer than body. Labrum 5–7-setose (with 4–5 anterior setae). Aedeagus with almost straight and regularly conical-constricted, rounded apex....................................................................................... P. (P.) subgibbosum Moravec, 2000, Published as part of Moravec, Jiří, Wiesner, Jürgen & Jocque, Merlijn, 2022, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 26. A new species ofthe genus Pogonostoma Klug from northwestern Madagascar and a revised key to the Pogonostoma (P.) srnkai species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 165-176 in Zootaxa 5169 (2) on pages 167-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6920115, {"references":["MORAVEC, J. (2007) Tiger beetles of Madagascar 1. A monograph of the genus Pogonostoma (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelstvi Kabourek, Zlin, 499 pp.","Rivalier, E. (1970) Le genre Pogonostoma (Col. Cicindelidae). Revision avec description d'especes nouvelles. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, N ew S eries, 6, 269 - 338."]}

Moravec, Jiří, Wiesner, Jürgen, Jocque, Merlijn (2022): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles-26. A new species ofthe genus Pogonostoma Klug from northwestern Madagascar and a revised key to the Pogonostoma (P.) srnkai species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5169 (2): 165-176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.2.4