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Long-tailed macaques overlap extensively with humans across their ranges in Southeast Asia and consequently live together in several locations. Human-macaque interactions were documented in the neighboring Sumile Zoological and Botanical Park in Barangay Sumile, Butuan City. Due to anthropogenic activities resulting to the loss of their natural habitat, the macaques are forced to live within human settlements resulting to a positive and negative interactions which greatly affected their population. The primary objective of this study is to assess the population of long-tailed macaques in Maibu, Butuan City. We also identified the current threats, as well as the food sources of the macaques in the area. The results showed that the current estimated population of long-tailed macaques was about 688 individuals. Based on key informant interviews, the threats to long-tailed macaque populations were attributed to mining activities, deforestation through illegal logging, and the prevalent wildlife hunting. Furthermore, researchers found that fruit trees, such as coconut, banana, papaya, mango, and root crops, such as sweet potatoes, cassava, and taro, are the main sources of food. Researchers recommend expanding the scope of future studies to include home ranges, range distances, and potential sites, to obtain a larger sample size to effectively plan conservation measures of the species.

35 Abstract Understanding the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate warming is critical to forecasting future biodiversity and vegetation feedbacks to climate. In situ warming experiments accelerate climate change on a small scale to forecast responses of local plant communities. Limitations of this approach include the apparent site-specificity of results and uncertainty about the power of short-term studies to anticipate longer term change. We address these issues with a synthesis of 61 experimental warming studies, of up to 20 years duration, in tundra sites worldwide. The response of plant groups to warming often differed with ambient summer temperature, soil moisture and experimental duration. Shrubs increased with warming only where ambient temperature was high, whereas graminoids increased primarily in the coldest study sites. Linear increases in effect size over time were frequently observed. There was little indication of saturating or accelerating effects, as would be predicted if negative or positive vegetation feedbacks were common. These results indicate that tundra vegetation exhibits strong regional variation in response to warming, and that in vulnerable regions, cumulative effects of long-term warming on tundra vegetation - and associated ecosystem consequences - have the potential to be much greater than we have observed to date.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la influencia de los componentes de la teoría de la conducta planeada sobre indicadores del comportamiento lector en estudiantes mexicanos de nivel medio superior. Con una muestra constituida por 305 estudiantes, los resultados de los análisis de ecuaciones estructurales mostraron índices que sugieren el poco ajuste del modelo como estructura explicativa general de los indicadores del comportamiento lector considerados en este estudio. Con algunas adecuaciones basadas en las pruebas de multiplicadores de Lagrange y de Wald, un segundo análisis indicó el ajuste satisfactorio de las variables del modelo de la conducta planeada a los indicadores del comportamiento lector, siendo las principales variables explicativas la actitud en sus componentes afectivo y cognitivo. Los resultados son discutidos respecto a las implicaciones teóricas y consecuencias educacionales en relación al impacto que las actitudes pueden tener en el fomento de esta actividad. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of the components of the theory of planned behavior on indicators of reading behavior in Mexican students high school level. With a sample consisting of 305 students, the results of structural equation modeling showed fit indices that suggest the inadequacy of the model as general explanatory structure of the indicators of reading behavior in this study. With some adjustments based on the tests of Lagrange multipliers and Wald, a second analysis indicated the adjustment of the variables of the model of planned behavior to indicators of reading behavior, the main explanatory variables attitude on affective and cognitive components. The results are discussed regarding the theoretical implications and educational implications regarding the impact that attitudes can have in promoting this activity.