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Jahrbuch der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021Jahrbuch 2021 der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021, p. 178

Temporal distribution of records for all species in the investigated collection database as in Figure 4 of the main manuscript. The years 1912 and 1991 (the end of two intense collecting efforts) are indicated by grey vertical lines. Colors denote supraspecific taxa: Crustacea (blue), Mollusca (green) and Echinodermata (red).

Temporal distribution of records for all species in the investigated collection database as in Figure 4 of the main manuscript. The years 1912 and 1991 (the end of two intense collecting efforts) are indicated by grey vertical lines. Colors denote supraspecific taxa: Crustacea (blue), Mollusca (green) and Echinodermata (red).

ESM file 3 shows two maps for each species; one map for all occurrences prior to 1912, and one map for all occurrences after 1912. The occurrences are colored by the supraspecific taxon: Crustacea (blue), Echinodermata (red), and Mollusca (green).

ESM file 1 consists of two tables, which contain details of the collection metadata for each museum or university collection and phyla. Table S1.1 indicates the number of records available prior to data curation and filtering for the three analysed phyla. Note that the number of initial records reported in the main manuscript is higher because it includes records for other phyla. Table S1.2 indicates the number of records after data curation and filtering. These numbers equal the numbers in the main manuscript.

Saurodactylus brosseti Bons & Pasteur, 1957 (Northern clade) Distribution. Western Morocco to Atlas Mountains, from El Jadida to Azilal (NW to E) to Agadir, Morocco (S). A doubtful single record from Tiznit (S Morocco) [derived from locality data of Rosado et al. (2017)]. Terra typica: Vallée du Souss (Souss Valley). Diagnosis. [this re-diagnosis differs from the original diagnosis of S. brosseti by Bons & Pasteur (1957), whose type series was composite and thus also included characters of the southern clade]. This species has a variable dorsal color, beige to dark brown. It differs from all other species in the S. brosseti complex by not exhibiting large white or yellow spots on the back; spots are minute or absent. The tail is typically covered with irregular yellow spots on a brownish surface. A white v-shaped line is usually present on the top of the head, but not extending to the neck. Nasal shields usually touch each other, whereas they are separated by two small scales in S. harrisi. Nasals are separated from labials by two slender plates. Holotype. We examined four Saurodactylus specimens form National Museum of Natural History, Paris, collected by Bons and Pasteur, with the following collection numbers: MNHN-RA-1990.1377, MNHN-RA-1990.1378, MNHN-RA-1990.1379, and MNHN-RA-1990.1380. Nevertheless, it is not certain which specimen the holotype is (N. Vidal, pers. comm.); we, however, interpret it to be “MNHN-RA-1990-1378” (original label: B & P 5.56), because this specimen is in a good condition compared to others. Description of holotype. Adult, sex unknown; SVL = 26.52 mm, HL = 7.79 mm, HW = 4.26 mm, HD = 3.3 mm, ED = 1.51 mm; FL = 7.8 mm; HdL = 11.02 mm; TL = 22.2 mm (see Table 6 for abbreviations). Mental shield large, pointed posteriorly. Two pairs of postmentals, first pair larger, not in contact; 6 supralabials and 5 infralabials on each side. Rostral shield large, about twice as broad as high, with a deep posterior notch. Two large internasals, in contact; two postnasals on each side, the lower one almost two times larger. Nostril surrounded by five scales: rostral, internasal, two postnasals and the first supralabial. Dorsal scales of head homogenous, smooth and granular; 26 interorbital and 8 loreal scales. Dorsal scales of body small, slightly larger than those of head, smooth and juxtaposed, in 40 longitudinal rows at midbody; 75 dorsals between axilla and groin. Ventral scales large and sub-imbricate, in 15 longitudinal rows at midbody; 38 ventrals from axilla to groin. Scales on the ventral surface of the head small, flat and homogenous; 34 scales at the broadest width of the head; 41 scales between mental shield and gular line. Tail cylindrical, with small, smooth dorsal scales; subcaudals flat and slightly larger than supracaudals. Digits slender and short without any fringe or ornamentation; 14 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe. Color pattern. Coloration of the holotype is faded to some extent. Dorsum uniformly sandy with small scattered white spots with no dark margins; a light brown temporal streak extending from tip of the snout to the ear opening on each side of the head. Tail cream with a few brown as well as white spots. Coloration of the limbs the same as dorsum; venter cream (Fig.8)., Published as part of Javanmardi, Soheila, Vogler, Sven & Joger, Ulrich, 2019, Phylogenetic differentiation and taxonomic consequences in the Saurodactylus brosseti species complex (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae), with description of four new species, pp. 401-425 in Zootaxa 4674 (4) on pages 411-413, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4674.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3464970, {"references":["Bons, J. & Pasteur, G. (1957) Nouvelles remarques sur les saurodactyles, avec description de Saurodactylus mauritanicus brosseti n. subsp. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles et Physiques du Maroc, 37, 175 - 195.","Rosado, D., Rato, C., Salvi, D. & Harris, D. J. (2017) Evolutionary history of the Morocco lizard-fingered geckos of the Saurodactylus brosseti complex. Evolutionary Biology, 44 (3), 386 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11692 - 017 - 9417 - 8"]}

Saurodactylus splendidus sp. nov. Javanmardi, Vogler & Joger, 2019 (Southeastern clade) Distribution. Known only from the type locality and a second place about 120 km to the SW, in the Draa Valley. Derivatio nominis. The name refers to the contrasting pattern of these beautiful geckos. Diagnosis. Very peculiar pattern of dark brown or blackish ground color, a V-shaped whitish-yellow mark on the head, terminating at the neck. 4 pairs of large whitish-yellow spots, each pair forming a band: one between the shoulders, two on the back and one between the hind legs.Un-regenerated tail dark brown with 5-6 transverse pale yellow to white bands. Legs sometimes much lighter than back. Contrary to other members of the S. brosseti species complex, dorsal color pattern of juveniles does not differ from that of adult animals; tail rings in juveniles are usually intensely yellow or orange (juveniles from the North, South and Anti-Atlas have a completely dark background, mostly devoid of spots, and a bright reddish tail; pers. observation; Bons & Pasteur 1957). Internasals large, touching each other only in a limited area of contact; proximally and distally they are separated by two small granules. Only one narrow postnasal shield separates nasals from 1 st labial. This configuration (Fig. 13) is unique to this species. Holotype. SNMB-N 60080; collected by Sven Vogler on 30 May 2017 from Icht (N 29°03’, W 08°51’), in Djebel Bani, Morocco (Fig. 13). Description of holotype. Adult female; SVL = 29 mm, HL = 8.3 mm, HW = 5.5 mm, HD = 3.4 mm, ED = 1.5 mm; FL = 7.8 mm; HdL = 11.6 mm; TL = 14 mm (regenerated). Mental shield large, pointed behind. Two pairs of postmentals, first pair larger, in contact; 6 supralabials on the right side, 5 on the left; 6 infralabials on each side. Rostral large, with a deep posterior notch. Two large internasals in contact with one another; nostril in contact with four scales: internasal, first supralabial, postnasal and rostral. Dorsal head scales smooth, homogenous, small and granular; 23 interorbital and 11 loreal scales. Ventral scales of head small, more or less flat; 41 scales at the broadest width of head; 45 scales [in an imaginary line between mental shield and gular line]. Ventral scales of body large, plate like and sub-imbricate; 16 longitudinal rows of ventrals at midbody; 37 ventrals from level of axilla to level of groin; 13 precloacal scales. Dorsal scales juxtaposed, smooth, small and granular at middorsal, while slightly larger and pointed backwardly at dorsolateral region; 68 dorsals between axilla and groin; 48 longitudinal rows of dorsals at midbody. Digits minute and short, slightly bent, without any ornamentation; 17 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe. Color pattern. In holotype dorsum black, with four pairs of large pale yellow spots lying between shoulder and sacral region with equal interspaces; first and fourth pairs round to oval, second and third forming transverse bars which extend to flank at least on the left side (Fig 14); regenerated tail burnt brown to black. Dorsal surface of the head black; a pale yellow stripe extending dorsolaterally from internasal up to the nape at each side, passing through supraocular region. The preocular fragment of dorsal stripes about 2-3 and the rest about 4-5 scales wide. A fine vertical midrostral line fused to the meeting point of stripes, making it looks like a “Y” when viewed from above. A few supraocular granules with a brownish spot in center. Lower margins of supralabials whitish, dusted with brown. Ventral surface of the head beige, uniformly spotted with brown. Infralabials grayish with several dark spots. Venter beige; posterior margins of ventral scales with small brown dots. Ground color of forelimbs beige with a few scattered dark spots on the ventral side; dorsal surface mostly shaded with dark brown. Hindlimbs with intense dark shades on both ventral and dorsal surfaces. Paratypes. Two further specimens of S. splendidus sp. nov. were also collected by S. Vogler on 30 May 2017 from Icht (N 29°03’, W 08°51’) and are now deposited at the State Natural History Museum of Braunschweig as follows: SNMB-61534: Adult, sex unknown; SVL = 27.11 mm; HL = 7.06 mm; HW = 4.5 mm; HD = 2.82 mm; ED = 1.24 mm; FL = 6.9 mm; HdL = 10.28 mm; tail missing. Mental shield large, triangular. Two pairs of postmentals, first pair larger, in contact; 6 supralabials and 5 infralabials on each side. Rostral large, with a deep posterior notch. Two large internasals in contact with one another; nostril in contact with four scales: internasal, first supralabial, postnasal and rostral. Color pattern the same as holotype, except that the first and second pairs of dorsal spots meet on the vertebral line (Fig. 15). SNMB-61535: Adult, sex unknown; SVL = 31.5 mm; HL = 8.02 mm; HW = 4.62 mm; HD = 2.88 mm; ED = 1.48 mm; FL = 8.64 mm; HdL = 12.51 mm; tail missing. Mental shield large, triangular. Two pairs of postmentals, first pair larger, in contact; 6 supralabials and 5 infralabials on each side. Rostral large, with a deep posterior notch. Two large internasals in contact with one another; nostril in contact with four scales: internasal, first supralabial, postnasal and rostral. Color pattern the same as holotype. This specimen was found dead under a rock., Published as part of Javanmardi, Soheila, Vogler, Sven & Joger, Ulrich, 2019, Phylogenetic differentiation and taxonomic consequences in the Saurodactylus brosseti species complex (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae), with description of four new species, pp. 401-425 in Zootaxa 4674 (4) on pages 419-420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4674.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3464970, {"references":["Bons, J. & Pasteur, G. (1957) Nouvelles remarques sur les saurodactyles, avec description de Saurodactylus mauritanicus brosseti n. subsp. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles et Physiques du Maroc, 37, 175 - 195."]}

Saurodactylus elmoudenii sp. nov. Joger, Vogler & Javanmardi, 2019 (Anti-Atlas clade) Distribution. Central part of the Anti-Atlas (Tafraoute basin). Derivatio nominis. This taxon is named in honor of our dear colleague, El Hassan El Mouden. The name was latinized as El Moudenius and then placed into the masculine singular genitive. Diagnosis. Dorsal color light to dark brown, with large light spots with dark margins. Two pattern types: 1) Spots are arranged in two parallel rows; they are smaller and more numerous than the transverse spots in the southeast clade; tail yellowish with dark bands; light bands on head go to neck or shoulder. 2) Spots are distributed irregularly (similar to the southern clade); tail yellow or light brown with dark marble marks; light bands on head do not reach neck (Fig. 3D). Internasals large, broadly in contact. 4 or 5 plates in contact with nostril; i.e., internasals separated from 1 st labials by one or two plates. This is an intermediate state between S. slimanii sp. nov. (5 plates bordering nostril) and S. splendidus sp. nov. (4 plates bordering nostril). Holotype. SNMB-N 60869; collected by Sven Vogler on 10 June 2017 from Tafraoute Valley (29°42’21” N, 8°59’39” W), Morocco. Description of holotype. Adult male; SVL = 32.04 mm; HL = 9.05 mm; HW = 5.9 mm; HD = 3.45 mm; ED = 1.72 mm; FL = 9.02; HdL = 13.04 mm; TL = 33.47 mm. Mental shield large, round, not pointed behind. Two pairs of postmentals, first pair larger, not in contact; 6 supralabial and 5 infralabial scales on each side. Rostral shield large with deep posterior notch. One large postnasal; one additional scale lying between postnasal and internasal. Nostril bordered with four scales: the rostral, internasal, postnasal and first supralabial. Dorsal scales of head homogenous, smooth, minute and granular; 26 interorbital and 10 loreal scales. Dorsal scales of body small, smooth and juxtaposed, slightly larger on the lateral sides. Ventral scales of body large, plate like and sub-imbricate; 15 longitudinal rows of ventrals at midbody; 32 ventrals from level of axilla to level of groin; 11 precloacal scales. 66 dorsals between axilla and groin; 44 longitudinal rows of dorsals at midbody. Tail tapering and cylindrical; scales on the dorsal surface of the tail larger than those of the body, homogenous and sub-imbricate. Subcaudals slightly smaller than supracaudals; median row of subcaudal scales larger. Ventral scales of head homogenous, small and flat; 40 scales at the broadest width of head; 46 scales between mental shield and gular line. Digits minute and short, slightly bent, without any ornamentation; 17 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe. Color pattern. Holotype with dorsum brown, with several white rounded spots of medium to large size, lying between nape and sacral region, each surrounded with a dark shade; labials shaded with brown; dorsal surface of the head brown, with a whitish narrow stripe extending dorsolaterally from top of rostrum, through supraocular region, to the occiput at the right side, followed by one small and another large dash-like spot; on the left side, this stripe ends at the level of ear opening due to a skin injury; venter grayish cream with scattered dark dots becoming dense on flanks; dorsal surface of tail mostly brown, mottled with white and cream; some background scales dusted with black; subcaudals cream with their posterior margins dusted with brown; fore- and hindlimbs brown, speckled with small white dots which are larger on hindlimbs (Fig. 10). Paratype. SNMB-N 60870; collected by Sven Vogler on 10 June 2017 from Tafraoute Valley (29°42’21” N, 8°59’39” W), Morocco. Description. Adult male; SVL = 29.98 mm; HL = 8.76 mm; HW = 6.3 mm; HD = 3.93 mm; ED = 1.7 mm; FL = 8.36; HdL = 12.44 mm; TL = 30.61 mm (original, detached). Mental shield large, pointed behind. Two pairs of postmentals, first pair larger, (mid-point) in contact; 5 supralabials and 5 infralabials on each side. Rostral with a deep posterior notch. One postnasal; two internasals. Nostril surrounded by 4 scales: the rostral, internasal, postnasal and first supralabial. Dorsal scales of head smooth, homogenous, small and granular; 25 interorbital and 8 loreal scales. Scales on the dorsal surface of the tail larger than those of the body, homogenous and sub-imbricate. median row of subcaudal scales larger. Ventral scales of head small and flat; 40 scales at the broadest width of head; 41 scales [in an imaginary line] between mental shield and gular line. Ventral scales of body large, plate like and sub-imbricate; 18 longitudinal rows of ventrals at midbody; 39 ventrals from level of axilla to level of groin; 11 precloacal scales; 78 dorsals between axilla and groin; 49 longitudinal rows of dorsals at midbody. Digits minute and short, slightly bent, without any ornamentation; 15 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe. Color pattern. Coloration mostly same as that of holotype. Dorsal spots without darker margins. Labials whitish, dusted with black; a white transverse band on sacral region, at the base of the tail; dorsolateral stripes extending from internasals up to the nape, broken one time on the right and three times on the left side, not meeting at tip of snout; tail cream, mottled with brown (Fig. 10).

Saurodactylus harrisii sp. nov. Joger, Javanmardi & Vogler, 2019 (Southern clade) Distribution. In the Atlantic coastal area from the mouth of Oued Souss to Boujdour, Moroccan Sahara. Derivatio nominis. We name this taxon in honor of David James Harris, who initiated the first comprehensive study on the genetic differentiation of Saurodactylus brosseti, during which this and two other clades were discovered. The patronym was latinized as Harrisius and then placed into the masculine genitive singular. Diagnosis. Ground color light to dark brown. Irregularly distributed large spots with dark margins, or smaller spots, concentrated on the lateral side. Tail yellowish or light brown with dark marble pattern. V-shaped light mark on top of head not reaching the neck. Internasal shields separated from each other by two granules. Four shields bordering nostril, i.e., the rostral, internasal, one postnasal and the first supralabial. Holotype. ZFMK-79667 (deposited at Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany); collected by Wolfgang Böhme, Hemmo Nickel and Thomas Wilms on 26 October 1999 from Guelmime, Morocco. Description of holotype. Adult male; SVL = 27.35 mm; HL = 7.05 mm; HW = 4.94 mm; HD = 3.48 mm; ED = 1.24 mm; FL = 7.36; HdL = 10.77 mm; TL = 28.22 mm. Mental shield large; two pairs of postmentals, first pair larger, in contact; 5 supralabial and 5 infralabial scales on each side. Rostral shield large with deep posterior notch. One large postnasal; one additional scale lying between postnasal and internasal. Nostril bordered by four scales: the rostral, internasal, postnasal and first supralabial. Dorsal scales of head homogenous, smooth, minute and granular; 23 interorbital and 8 loreal scales. Dorsal scales of body small, smooth and juxtaposed, slightly larger on the lateral sides. Tail tapering and cylindrical; scales on the dorsal surface of the tail larger than those of the body, homogenous and sub-imbricate; ventral scales of head homogenous, small and flat; 34 scales on the broadest width of head; 39 scales between mental shield and gular line. Ventral scales of body large, plate like and sub-imbricate; 15 longitudinal rows of ventrals at midbody; 31 ventrals from level of axilla to level of groin; 8 precloacals; 64 dorsals between axilla and groin; 36 longitudinal rows of dorsals at midbody. Digits minute and short, slightly bent, without any ornamentation; 18 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe. Color pattern. In holotype dorsum uniformly sandy, dusted with several minute dark dots intermixed with small to medium-sized whitish spots; dorsolateral stripes of the head extending from internasals down to the temporal region, fading posteriorly to small whitish spots on sides of the neck; labial scales grayish brown; tail sandy, speckled with irregular brown and whitish spots; a dark brown bar on base of the tail; subcaudal scales cream with dark posterior margins; general coloration of limbs same as body, with a few more dark speckles; lateral sides of the body darker; venter cream, some of the ventral scales with small dark dots at posterior margins (Fig. 11). Paratypes. ZFMK 70725, ZFMK 73010-12, ZFMK 79666, ZFMK 79668-72 (from Sidi Ifni, Guelmime and Aglou, respectively, deposited at Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn); SNMB-N 61537 (from Sidi Ifni) SNMB-N 61538 (from Oued Massa), SNMB-N 61539-40 (from Aglou near Tiznit). In nine out of ten paratype specimens from Guelmime and Aglou, the coloration resembles that of the holotype; one specimen from Sidi Ifni has larger dorsal spots compared to others (Fig. 12). Details of measurements related to these specimens are presented in Table 6., Published as part of Javanmardi, Soheila, Vogler, Sven & Joger, Ulrich, 2019, Phylogenetic differentiation and taxonomic consequences in the Saurodactylus brosseti species complex (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae), with description of four new species, pp. 401-425 in Zootaxa 4674 (4) on pages 415-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4674.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3464970

Figure S1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny, with different Panthera species as outgroup. Figure S2: Minimum-spanning network of short (456 bp) mtDNA sequences (ND5 gene), including previously published data (based on 267 sequences in total). Number of substitutions are indicated as tick-marks on the branches connecting the haplotypes. Colours indicate the subspecies [19, following 25]. Table S1: Summarised sequence statistics for samples included in our study. Table S2: Fossil constraints and calibration priors used in the time-calibrated BEAST analysis performed for Felidae alignment. The resulting root age was then applied as calibration for the leopards-only phylogeny. Table S3: Radiocarbon dating (14C) information. (PDF 1852 kb)

Near the end of the Pleistocene epoch, populations of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) were distributed across parts of three continents, from western Europe and northern Asia through Beringia to the Atlantic seaboard of North America. Nonetheless, questions about the connectivity and temporal continuity of mammoth populations and species remain unanswered. We use a combination of targeted enrichment and high-throughput sequencing to assemble and interpret a data set of 143 mammoth mitochondrial genomes, sampled from fossils recovered from across their Holarctic range. Our dataset includes 54 previously unpublished mitochondrial genomes and significantly increases the coverage of the Eurasian range of the species. The resulting global phylogeny confirms that the Late Pleistocene mammoth population comprised three distinct mitochondrial lineages that began to diverge ~1.0–2.0 million years ago (Ma). We also find that mammoth mitochondrial lineages were strongly geographically partitioned throughout the Pleistocene. In combination, our genetic results and the pattern of morphological variation in time and space suggest that male-mediated gene flow, rather than large-scale dispersals, was important in the Pleistocene evolutionary history of mammoths.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Moroccan-German project research project of the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung Hassan II Academy project (ICGVSA) The nearly complete mitogenomes of the two species of North African Atlas geckos, Quedenfeldtia moerens and Q. trachyblepharus were assembled from anchored hybrid enrichment data and RNAseq data. Congruent assemblies were obtained for four samples included in both datasets. We recovered the 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes for both species, including partial control region. The order of genes agrees with that of other geckos. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, Brazil Staatliches Nat Hist Museum, Braunschweig, Germany Buro Faunist Gutachten, Borgholzhausen, Germany Cadi Ayyad Univ, Fac Sci, Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam Lab, Marrakech, Morocco Max Planck Inst Evolut Biol, Plon, Germany Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Dirac Sci Lib, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, B-157, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Zool Inst, Mendelssohnstr 4, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, Brazil Moroccan-German project research project of the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung: 12/07

D-test and admixture proportion f [46] for V. kaznakovi, V. renardi (including V. lotievi), V. orlovi, and V. magnifica. Each row represents data from all combinations of possible P1, P3, and the Outgroup individuals, where P1 is always represented by V. kaznakovi and P3 is always represented by V. renardi. (DOC 96 kb)

Based on morphological and molecular characters, three new species and one subspecies of the genus Hemidactylus are described from the mainland of Yemen. According to the molecular tree of mitochondrial genes of Cytochrome b and 12S (Busais & Joger 2011), Hemidactylus species from the mainland were divided into three monophyletic groups: three taxa are members of H. yerburii group, two clades are members of H. robustus group and three compose a new group of undescribed species. In addition to the molecular results, the morphological analysis revealed that each new species is distinguished from the other species of the genus in some morphological characters. In this study, a detailed description of each new species is presented.