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The present study was conducted for clinical evaluation of a multimodal anaesthetic protocol using butorphanol-dexmedetomidine-midazolam-ketamine-isoflurane and lignocaine continuous rate infusion (CRI) in six cross-bred female cattle. Preanaesthetics used were butorphanol and dexmedetomidine which were administered intravenously at dose rates of 0.05 mg/kg and 1 μg/kg body weight, respectively. Ketamine and midazolam were intravenously administered at dose rates of 4.0 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight respectively, to induce anaesthesia. Isoflurane was used to maintain anaesthesia after endotracheal intubation, at a concentration of 1.05 ± 0.97 per cent concentration in 100 per cent oxygen using a large animal anaesthesia machine. Simultaneously, intravenous lignocaine was administered at a bolus dose of 2 mg/kg body weight followed by a CRI of 3 mg/kg body weight/hour using a volumetric infusion pump. Isoflurane sparing effect of intravenous lignocaine reduced the required concentration of isoflurane for maintenance. The third plane of surgical anaesthesia was maintained and various surgical procedures were done. Recovery was smooth. Other than the mild regurgitation of ruminal fluid in an animal, no anaesthetic complications were noticed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibition of efflux pumps plays a role in combating the antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli (E.coli) is caused by the AcrAB-TolC efflux system, which is a form of efflux pump. Mdf A is a putative membrane protein of 410 amino acids that belongs to the major facilitator superfamily of transport proteins. In this study capsaicin, a phyto-alkaloid was used as modulator of efflux pump in combination with tetracycline in tetracycline resistant E.coli. Antimicrobial sensitivity was carried out using standard disc diffusion method with appropriate controls. Tube dilution method was carried out for MIC and the turbidity was measured at 600nm. mRNA expression for the respective genes (Tol C, Mdf A, Nor E) were carried out by Real time PCR. There was no zone of inhibition for capsaicin and tetracycline when they were used alone, while there was significant increase in the zone of inhibition for tetracycline when it was combined with capsaicin. Turbidity of the culture decreased when tetracycline is used in combination with capsaicin. Use of phytochemicals like capsaicin, which is a known inhibitor of efflux pump, could interfere with efflux pumping of antibiotics in resistant bacteria. mRNA expression for Tol C is decreased, whereas for Mdf A and Nor E, it is increased when tetracycline is used in combination with capsaicin indicating the blocking of efflux pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mimosa pudica belonging to the family Fabaceae , is a small sized shrub, used traditionally for its anti-spasmodic, analgesic, anti-spasmodic, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the anticancer activity of methanol extract of whole plant of M. pudica (MMP) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: The antitumor activity of MMP was analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The cytological and metabolic alterations due to MMP were evaluated using acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining, hoechst 33258 and fluoroprobe, benzimidazol-carbocyanine iodide 5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3,3'-tetra ethyl (JC-1) staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were carried out to assess Bcl-2, the antiapoptotic gene, and protein expression, respectively. Qualitative analysis and gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry were performed for the presence of various phytochemicals. Results: The methanol extract exhibited a potent antitumor activity in both the cell lines in vitro. Conclusion: The plant extract was showing the mode of action through intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death and may be studied further to develop a potent drug against breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypolipidemic effect of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit powder via 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR) gene expression was studied in high fat diet (HFD) in rats. For all groups except Group I, hyperlipidemia was induced by giving the HFD for 15 days. Group II remained hyperlipidemic throughout the experiment. Groups III, IV and V were fed orally with A. bilimbi fruit powder at dose rates of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively from 16th day along with high fat diet for 30 days. Standard drug rosuvastatin was given orally to Group VI at a dose rate of 10mg/kg body weight from 16th day along with high fat diet. Lipid profile was determined on days zero, 15, 30 and 45. Body weight was recorded at weekly intervals. The activity of the mRNA encoding HMGCR was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Administration of A. bilimbi resulted in significant (pcO.001) lowering of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), lowdensity lipo protein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in HFD rats. Downregulation of HMGCR gene in liver was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of mustard(Brassica Juncea) seed powder at two different doses (8g/kg and 2g/kg) on serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride were studied in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Administration of mustard seed powder at the rate of 8g/kg for 30 days produced significant reduction of serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride. On the other hand changes in rats fed with mustard seed powder at the rate of 2g/kg were not significant. The present study suggests that mustard seed powder at high dose rate would be considered as an effective hypolipidemic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]