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Background: Increasing rates of behavioral problems among children in India necessitates newer ways of managing them with medical and nonmedical approaches. Music add-on therapy is a method for treating mental disturbances. This study examines the effectiveness of music add-on therapy in managing children with behavioral problems. Methods and Materials: A randomized controlled design was adopted with a random allocation of 40 children (20 each in experimental and control groups) aged between 6 and 12 years with behavioral disorders as per the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-10. After the pretest, both the groups received treatment as usual (TAU), while the experimental group alone additionally received music add-on intervention with eight Hindustani ragas for 3 weeks. As clinical outcome measures, we used the Childrens Global Assessment Scale, Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form typical IQ (NCBRF-TIQ) version, and visual analogue scale (VAS) for a parent to monitor the behavioral improvement. Results: Children exposed to the music add-on therapy had improved score in the Children Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and the VAS as compared with the control group (F [2,76] = 34.307, P < 0.001 and F [2,76] = 72.4, P < 0.001, respectively). Further, the NCBRF-TIQ version revealed improvement in positive social behavior (F [2,76] = 13.089, P < 0.001) and reduction in problem behaviors in the experimental group. Conclusion: Music add-on therapy is effective in improving positive social behavior and reducing problem behaviors among children.

200-nm-thick La- and Sm-doped BaTiO3 thin films with A/B ratio of unity fabricated by magnetron sputtering on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate have been characterized. The effects of post-annealing and the amount of dopant on structure and electrical properties were studied. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the films annealed at 750 °C show tetragonal BaTiO3 crystal structure without any detectable second phase formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirm that La substitutes the A site and Sm is in the B site in lightly doped films. La2O3 or Sm2O3 is present in the BaTiO3 structure when the dopant content is more than 1.4 at. % La or 1.0% Sm. The permittivity increases with increasing annealing temperature up to 750 °C due to the coarse grains and better crystallinity. The leakage current property is found to vary with the type of dopant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter reports superior properties of Ru- and RuNX-bearing Cu films deposited by cosputtering on barrierless Si substrates. After annealing at temperatures up to 680 °C for 1 h, low resistivity of ∼3 μΩ cm and minimal leakage currents as well as no detectable reaction at the Cu/Si interface have confirmed the excellent thermal stability of these Cu(Ru) and Cu(RuNX) films. Furthermore, the highly stable Cu(RuNX) film exhibits an outstanding adhesion property, proving to be a very promising candidate for the barrierless Cu metallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article on physician associates and assistants by T. Elaine Adamson published in September 1971 issue.

Over an 18 month period Streptococcus suis type 2 was isolated in pure or mixed culture in 19 disease outbreaks in pigs. Morbidity and case fatality were variable. Clinical signs were of a nervous or respiratory disease or of death with no premonitory signs. Gross and microscopic findings included one or more of fibrinous polyserositis, fibrinous or hemmorhagic bronchopneumonia, purulent meningitis, myocardial necrosis, focal myocarditis and valvular endocarditis. Brain, cerebrospinal fluid and lung were most reliable sites for isolation of the organism.