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In the spirit of “anything worth doing is worth doing superficially,” the author provides, in classic “PechaKucha” style, a presentation on Lifelong Learning. Tasked with describing how Credo Reference can affect the quality of teaching and learning, the author presents examples of inspiration for this topic in a “shotgun” presentation, encouraging presentation attendees to learn more about MOOCs and the opportunities they present for education, educators, libraries, and students.

According to history books, tuberculosis was responsible for the death of Simon Bolivar at the age of 47 years in 1830. The results of an autopsy performed by Alexandre Prospere Reverend, the French physician who cared for him during the terminal phase of his illness, have long been regarded as proof of the diagnosis. On careful reanalysis of Bolivar's medical history and post mortem examination, we reach a different conclusion. On the basis of several critical clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features of his fatal disorder, we conclude that either paracoccidioidomycosis or bacterial bronchiectasis complicating chronic arsenic intoxication was more likely responsible for his death than was tuberculous "consumption.".

An attempt has been made to simplify the measurement of composite movement involving abnormal rotation in scoliosis, which is considered to have an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Analysis of three-dimensional movement provides pertinent information concerning the morphological description of scoliotic deformities. The description of this movement is of clinical interest for aiding diagnosis and/or prognosis of spinal deformity evolution. Previous studies have indicated that idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity accompanied by a generalised torsion phenomenon and attempts have been made to associate the geometric torsion index with the curvi-linear shape of idiopathic scoliosis. Although previous investigations have documented the three-dimensional reconstruction of scoliotic spine, most methods either expose the subject to a high level of radiation, as in stereo-radiographs, or demand a high degree of technical input and time, as in video based gait analysis systems. This study employs an electro magnetic field capturing system (FASTRAK) to estimate the spinal movements. This simple system is inexpensive and highly portable. Furthermore, it can give instant graphic and numerical values of the composite movement. The results of this study indicate the usefulness this system in the diagnosis of scoliosis and highlights the possibility of its uses in screening school children and other surveys.

Although various factors have been attributed to the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis, studies have indicated that the kinematic differences in the spine, pelvis and lower limb may contribute to the causation and progression of idiopathic scoliosis. The aim of this investigation was to identify asymmetries in lower limb kinematics and pelvic and back movements during level walking in scoliotic subjects that can be related to the spinal deformity. The study has employed a movement analysis system to estimate various joint angles in the lower extremities and other kinematic parameters in the pelvis and back. The results of a pilot study have highlighted the potential usefulness of a range of parameters in the indication of asymmetries and their implications for spinal deformity generation. While demonstrating the value that movement analysis systems may have in investigating pathogenesis and aetiology, these preliminary findings indicate that the identified variables can also used in the kinematic analysis of spinal deformities such as scoliosis. Further studies are being undertaken to validate these findings.

Our ideas about internal fixation of the spine were dramatically changed by Luque, who popularised sublaminar wiring [1]. There were, however, a number of problems with the original double rod Luque system, which we solved by joining the rods to form what we call the Hartshill rectangle [2]. The rectangles are called “Hartshill” because I work at the Hartshill Orthopaedic Hospital.

Seeds of the kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) are toxic to developing larvae of the bruchid beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus), a major storage pest of many legumes. Insect feeding trials were carried out whereby the albumin and globulin protein fractions from seeds of P. vulgaris were incorporated into artificial seeds. Both fractions were shown to be toxic and to contain haemagglutinating activity, implicating the seed lectins as being involved in seed resistance. Further feeding trials using different P. vulgaris lectin preparations confirmed the toxicity of these lectins and suggested that it was the E-type lectin subunits (erythrocyte-binding) which were the major antimetabolites. Indirect immunofluorescence investigations using monospecific antisera for globulin lectins showed that the lectins, when ingested by the larvae, bound to the midgut epithelial cells. It was suggested that the mechanism of lectin toxicity in this instance is analogous to that known to occur in the rat, namely that the ingested lectin causes disruption of the epithelial cells of the larval midgut leading to breakdown of the transport of nutrients into these cells, and the absorption of potentially harmful substances. This is the first time that evidence for the mechanism of lectin toxicity has been obtained in insects.

This article describes the use of the Hartshill rectangle for the correction of spinal deformity. The Hartshill system is a modification of the Luque method of segmental spinal instrumentation whereby rather than two separate "L" rods a welded rectangle is formed from a single stainless steel rod. A "roof is bent into each end of the rectangle so that it conforms with the lamina. The Hartshill rectangle avoids the problems of overlapping L rods and gives increased stability and correction of rotation.

Segmental spinal instrumentation with sublaminar fixation is widely used but a variety of materials and techniques are being employed for both scoliosis and other spinal surgery. This study addresses the question as to which is best. Both the materials and the methods of securing them were studied. The materials tested were stainless steel 316L, Ortron 90 high nitrogen steel, titanium alloys, nylon straps, and Mersilene tapes. Doubled cold-worked 00.84-mm diameter stainless steel formed in a knot with a twist proved to be the strongest and most secure means of fixation with a yield value of 1,610 N. Attention to the details of technique and material such as the incorporation of a secondary twist and avoidance of hot-worked stainless steel may reduce the incidence of implant failure.

(1967). Kindred spirits: Fine arts in the teaching of American literature. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 204-209.

Sir , Having examined my Journal, I send you herein a particular Account of what I can remember, concerning the Pumice-stones we fell in with, in our Voyage to India in the Lyell , Charles Small Comander.

The Hartshill rectangle fixation is a modification of the Luque system of segmental spinal instrumentation. The rectangle is formed from a 3/16-in stainless steel rod and incorporates a roof that allows it to fit snugly against the lamina and provides good rotational stability. The rectangle is secured to the spine by means of doubled 0.91-mm-diameter stainless steel wires. The technique of the Hartshill system in the lumbar spine is described in detail. The system has been used in 71 patients with good relief of pain and without major complication. In the first 45 cases, a simple, flat, unwelded rectangle was used, and in the last 26 the Hartshill rectangle was employed.

The first 69 cases with a minimum of 1 year follow-up using the Hartshill system for the internal fixation of unstable spinal fractures (cervical 11, thoracic 8, thoracolumbar 42 and lumbar 8 are reported. The instrumentation is uncomplicated but attention to detail in technique is important. The system allows secure stabilization of the spine and early mobilization, irrespective of any neurological damage incurred in the primary injury.

Members of the British Scoliosis Society were circulated a questionnaire in order to establish the morbidity of surgery for spinal deformity in the years 1983 and 1984 in Great Britain. Surgeons were asked to report the complications relating to all types of surgery for spinal deformity in order to establish the relative morbidity of segmental spinal wiring. Of the 1,121 patients reported, 1.4% suffered neurologic complications. In straightforward surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, there were four serious neurologic complications: three with Harri-Luque and one with routine Harrington distraction instrumentation. A plea is made that morbidity studies of spinal deformity surgery should compare all types of instrumentation and should be sufficiently detailed to allow statistical comparison.

Curve patterns and surgical treatment in 118 consecutive patients with post-poliomyelitic paralytic scoliosis are reviewed. The typical curve pattern was double structural curves, usually including the lumbar spine. Modifying the incision and altering the sequence of instrumentation facilitated both the exposure and instrumentation of the fourth and fifth lumbar bodies. Anterior fusion and Dwyer's instrumentation yield most of the correction of pelvic obliquity and significant correction of both the upper and lower curves. Two weeks of halofemoral traction did not achieve significant curve correction. It is suggested that staged anterior and posterior procedures result in structural correction of pelvic obliquity and paralytic scoliosis in severe deformities equal to the degree of correction obtained using posterior fusion and instrumentation alone in less severe cases.

Numerous systems are available to link different designs of pedicle screw to plates, rods and bars. This paper is a comparative study of three commonly used pedicle screws