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The Silurian Croagh Patrick succession, which crops out just south of a fundamental Caledonian structural zone near Clew Bay, western Ireland, is a series of psammites and pelites with a strong penetrative cleavage. These rocks are intruded by the Corvock granite. A suite of minor intrusions associated with the granite contains the regional cleavage whereas the Corvock granite is undeformed. New U–Pb dates are 413 +7 / –4 Ma for a strongly cleaved sill and 410 ± 4 Ma for the main granite, and closely constrain the age of crystallization of the granite and coeval cleavage formation as Lower Devonian (Lochkovian or Pragian), implying syn- to late-kinematic granite emplacement. These data are consistent with evidence for strong sinistral shear shown by the Ox Mountains granodiorite just to the northeast dated at 412.3 ± 0.8 Ma. This Devonian cleavage is superimposed on Ordovician rocks of the South Mayo Trough. The localisation of the strong deformation is interpreted as being due to its position at a restraining bend during regional sinistral motion on a segment of the Fair Head – Clew Bay Line to the north. Contemporaneous deformation in the syn-kinematic Donegal batholith suggests a transfer of sinistral motion to this intra-Grampian structure rather than simple along-strike linkage to the Highland Boundary Fault in Scotland. Our new data indicate diachronous deformation during the late Silurian and early Devonian history of the Irish and Scottish Caledonides and also support previous interpretations of diachronous deformation between these areas and the Appalachian orogens.

This literature review examines organizational change scholarship within human service organizations (“health,” “human,” and “social” services) between 1968 and 2020. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Social Work A...

Considering the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, we recognised a lack of synthesis amongst the available literature pertaining to the intersections of homelessness and pandemic response and planning. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to identify relevant peer‐reviewed literature in this area to thematically produce evidence‐based recommendations that would inform community planning and response amongst homeless populations. Although this review is inspired by the COVID‐19 pandemic, our intention was to produce relevant recommendations to for all current and future outbreaks and pandemics more generally. Our search criteria focused on pandemics and rapid‐spread illnesses such as contagious respiratory diseases with contact spread and with an emphasis on individuals experiencing homelessness. Content analysis methods were followed to extract and thematically synthesise key information amongst the 223 articles that matched our search criteria between the years of 1984 and 2020. Two reviewers were assigned to the screening process and used Covidence and undertook two rounds of discussion to identify and finalise themes for extraction. This review illustrates that the current breadth of academic literature on homeless populations has thus far focused on tuberculosis (TB) rather than diseases that are more recent and closely related to COVID‐19—such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or H1N1. Our thematic content analysis revealed six themes that offer tangible and scalable recommendations which include (1) education and outreach, (2) adapting structure of services, (3) screening and contract tracing, (4) transmission and prevention strategies, (5) shelter protocols and (6) treatment, adherence and vaccination. The breadth and depth of reviews such as these are dependent on the quantity and quality of the available literature. Therefore, the limited existing literature outside of tuberculosis specific to homelessness in this review illustrates a need for more academic research into the intersections of pandemics and homelessness—particularly for evaluations of response and planning. Nonetheless, this review offers timely considerations for pandemic response and planning amongst homeless populations during the current COVID‐19 pandemic and can facilitate future research in this area.

Social service workers’ experiences of violence from service users (client-engaged violence) in social service workplaces are serious and pervasive issues that demand responsive and effective organisational interventions. However, organisational factors and characteristics that have an effect on worker experiences of client-engaged violence are poorly defined. This study utilised a quantitative design to identify and measure aspects of the organisation that prevent client-engaged violence and support workers in building healthy and safe workplaces. Participants (n = 1,574) from various publicly administered social services departments were surveyed to assess the effect of ‘workload’ (workload quality); ‘supervisory dynamics’ (equality, involvement, support and attentiveness); ‘team dynamics’ (intrapersonal team functioning and interpersonal team functioning) and ‘workplace safety culture’ (workplace safety values) on direct and indirect experiences of client-engaged violence. Results from multivariate analysis show that workload characteristics and organisational cultural values of workplace safety had a significant effect on worker experiences of client-engaged violence. The results highlight the importance of creating organisational policies and procedures that support workers in managing workloads and promoting a culture of safety within the work setting.

Supervisors of human service organizations can support violence prevention or contribute to experiences of workplace violence. This qualitative study sought to explore the ways in which supervisors...

Thick successions of latest Devonian and early Carboniferous siliciclastic rocks of fluviatile and shallow marine origin are well exposed in numerous coastal sections in the south of Ireland. Correlations based on palynostratigraphy demonstrate that an overall northward transgression, in detail consisting of several fluctuations of relative sea level, resulted in the replacement of fluvial coastal plain environments by shallow marine conditions. The most conspicuous lithological record of transgression occurred at or close to the base of the Carboniferous, when a regionally distributed mudstone deposited in a shallow sea, replaced the generally sandy strata that had prevailed in the latest Devonian. There is no evidence for very large glacioeustatic changes of sea level related to the coeval western Gondwanan glaciation. Of the three horizons for a new GSSP for the base of the Carboniferous currently under review, the base of the Protognathodus kuehni Zone/basal Siphonodella sulcata Zone and coastal plant extinction is the most easily applied in Ireland and can be identified using palynology and corresponds to an easily recognised, extensively developed lithological change in the south of the country.

We examine CEO-board dynamics using a new panel dataset that spans 1920 to 2011. The long sample allows us to perform within-firm and within-CEO tests over a long horizon, many for the first time in the governance literature. Consistent with theories of bargaining or dynamic contracting, we find board independence increases at CEO turnover and falls with CEO tenure, with the decline stronger following superior performance. CEOs are also more likely to be appointed board chair as tenure increases, and we find evidence consistent with a substitution between board independence and chair duality. Other results suggest that these classes of models fail to capture important elements of board dynamics. First, the magnitude of the CEO tenure effect is economically small, much smaller, for example, than the strong persistence in board structure that we show. Second, when external CEOs are hired, board independence falls and subsequently increases. Third, event studies show a positive market reaction when powerful CEOs die in office, consistent with powerful CEOs becoming entrenched.

The landscape of relationships, gender, and sexuality continues to change rapidly across the world. This includes recognition of relationship styles such as polyamory, in which individuals have multiple romantic relationships with the knowledge and consent of all involved. In the academic literature on polyamory, social work perspectives are noticeably absent. Thus, a scoping review concerning social work, counseling, and polyamory was conducted to assess knowledge from the last decade and to contribute to the field. The themes that arose were the need for clinicians to examine their biases toward monogamy and polyamory, including perceptions of insecure attachment and a lack of commitment in polyamorous relationships. The literature also recognizes that polyamorous individuals often have fluid identities and sexual orientations. Finally, social workers have a duty to create a safe environment for polyamorous clients because of widespread societal stigma. As social work values client self-determination and examination of societal discourses, the field would benefit from further research into polyamory; this article is just the beginning.

Summary Worker experiences of workload is a poorly understood component of health and safety practice in the social services sector. Job Demands-Resources theory is applied to explore how workload contributes to health and safety, workplace violence, and violence prevention. Data from qualitative interviews ( n = 81) of workers in publicly administered social services in Western Canada were analyzed using analytic induction and constant comparison methods. Findings Qualitative themes highlight the role of Workload Management, Equal Distribution of Workload, Stress Management, and Flexibility on worker experiences with workplace violence prevention. These themes are further elaborated on and contextualized within a Job Demands-Resources framework. Finally, a conceptual model of workload management and health and safety is presented. Applications Findings highlight areas of workload development and innovation as a component of violence prevention interventions within social service workplaces.

Multiple factors (e.g. source rock composition, climate, nature/scale of sedimentary system) influence the volume and composition of sediment delivered to basins. Fluctuations in these parameters produce cryptic source signals which can vary within the same sedimentary system. Bespoke multi-proxy provenance approaches, targeted at minerals of variable stability, allow for an assessment of natural biasing (recycling) and intra-basinal spatial variations. Provenance of fluvial/deltaic sandstones (Mullaghmore Sandstone Formation) in the NW Carboniferous Basin, Ireland, has been constrained using zircon and apatite U–Pb geochronology, trace elements in apatite and Pb-in-K-feldspar analysis. Zircon U–Pb grain populations are consistent with feldspar data, suggesting Proterozoic basement highs offshore Ireland and Scotland were the main contributor with minor supply from Archean–Paleoproterozoic rocks of Greenland/NW Scotland and Caledonian-aged rocks. However, apatite data show a much larger proportion of Caledonian-aged grains of metamorphic origin, suggesting significant sediment was recycled from Neopropterozoic metasedimentary rocks. The spatial variation in provenance indicates that, at onset of clastic input, sediment was being routed to the basin through a complex drainage system, comprising several discrete hinterland catchments, rather than supply from a single, large interconnected sedimentary system. Such complexities can only be identified with the careful application of a bespoke multi-proxy provenance approach. Supplementary material: Tables 1-5 and individual Pb-in-K feldspar plots are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5536691

There has been no systematic examination of whether scale scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2011; Tellegen & Ben-Porath, 2011) are related to self- or partner-rated characteristics of romantic relationships. As such, the current study examined relations between select MMPI-2-RF scale scores and markers of relationship quality. Participants included 739 committed couples who completed the MMPI-2 and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976; Spanier & Filsinger, 1983). Correlational analyses identified clinically meaningful negative associations between self-rated relationship satisfaction and scores on Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID) and Demoralization (RCd) for both men and women. For men and women self- and partner-rated relationship satisfaction and consensus were both meaningfully and negatively related to scores on Antisocial Behavior (RC4) and Family Problems (FML). These results are the first to provide support for the convergent validity of FML as a measure of difficulties experienced in romantic relationships. Results for EID, RCd, and RC4 converge with previous research examining relations between personality and intimate relationship qualities. Overall, these results suggest scores from the MMPI-2-RF are useful in screening for problems experienced by the individual or their partner in the context of their committed relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Workplace cultures are an important component in creating safe work environments. In-depth qualitative interviews ( n = 85) were conducted with human service workers of a large publicly administered human service organization in Canada to learn more about the organizational and/or workplace conditions that contribute to a safety culture. Findings reveal that a safety culture within this human service workplace is defined by values or attitudes associated with safety and structured mechanisms that help promote workplace safety. Insights from respondents help to identify areas for workplace and organizational development to promote health and safety within human service workplaces.

Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains a leading cause of morbidity and sudden death. Improvements in catheter ablation have significantly advanced this option as a treatment method for refractory VT. Despite advances, use and impact of inotrope and vasodepressor medicines as part of intraprodcedural management during VT ablation have been understudied. Methods: We conducted a exploratory, retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing VT ablation. Patient, intra and peri-procedural data, focusing on pressor use and hemodynamics through ablation, and procedural endpoint data were collected. Results: From 2014-2017, 149 patients underwent VT ablation of which 67% exhibited cardiomyopathy (53% ischemic). Most procedures (71%) were conducted under general anesthesia. In those with cardiomyopathy, steady-state use of dobutamine and dopamine was more common though substantial use of phenylephrine was noted. In adjusted analyses, (1) dobutamine was associated with increased procedure time (402.5±18.8 vs 347.2±14.0 min, p = 0.03), (2) dopamine was associated with increased number of distinct VTs (2.8 vs. 2.2, p

We survey CFOs throughout the COVID-19 crisis to learn how multiple dimensions of corporate flexibility affect their short- and long-term business plans. We find that i) workplace flexibility, namely the ability for employees to work remotely, plays a central role in modulating firms’ employment plans during the health crisis; ii) investment flexibility allows firms to increase or decrease capital spending based on their business prospects in the crisis, with effects shaped by workplace flexibility; and iii) financial flexibility contributes to stronger employment and investment, with effects shaped by the firm’s cost structure. While the role of workplace flexibility is new to the COVID crisis, CFOs expect lasting effects on employment and investment as low workplace flexibility firms adopt automation to replace labor.

Using 14,800 forecasts of one-year S&P 500 returns made by Chief Financial Officers over a 12-year period, we track the individual executives who provide multiple forecasts to study how their beliefs evolve dynamically. While CFOs’ return forecasts are systematically unbiased, their confidence intervals are far too narrow, implying significant miscalibration. We find that when return realizations fall outside of ex-ante confidence intervals, CFOs’ subsequent confidence intervals widen considerably. These results are consistent with a model of Bayesian learning which suggests that the evolution of beliefs should be impacted by return realizations. However, the magnitude of the updating is dampened by the strong conviction in beliefs inherent in the initial miscalibration and, as a result, miscalibration persists. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.

The impact of political violence on the psychosocial functioning of adolescents and their families was compared for surveyed populations from two regions of Palestine. A randomly-selected sample of 971 adolescents (521 from the West Bank and 450 from the Gaza Strip regions, 42% male/57% female) completed scales measuring traumatic event, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), peer relations, mental health, aggression, and family functioning. (1) West Bank participants reported a significantly higher level of exposure to political violence and significantly more aggression, mental health symptoms, problems in family and social functioning; (2) Participants exposed to greater political violence reported higher levels of depression, hostility, paranoid ideation, and PTSD; (3) Economic status and level of parental education were related to reduced levels of mental health symptoms and greater family functioning; (4) There were gendered differences. The study provides a starting point to begin to compare the experiences and outcomes between Palestinian adolescents in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and a basis for considering implications for service delivery and policy makers concerned with the well being of Palestinian communities.

Previous empirical studies have established that poor mental and physical health often cooccur. However, positive health behaviors and outcomes have been demonstrated to buffer against psychological dysfunction. Thus, the ability to assess for positive health behaviors and outcomes with instruments commonly used in practice, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), is important. However, no study has examined the ability of MMPI-2-RF somatic scale scores to predict positive health behaviors among a healthy population. As such, in this study, we conducted correlational analyses and difference tests with 406 undergraduate students from a Midwestern university to examine whether scores on MMPI-2-RF scales assessing somatic complaints were meaningfully related to measures of health behaviors and outcomes. Results indicated high scores on the Restructured Clinical Somatic Complaints (RC1) scale and associated Specific Problems (SP) scales were meaningfully related to symptom reporting and energy level, and the SP Malaise (MLS) scale was also related to sleep quality and exercise. Additionally, low scores on RC1 and MLS were related to lack of somatic complaints and good sleep quality respectively. Overall, these findings suggest that low scores on MMPI-2-RF scales might be useful for predicting specific resilient health behaviors.

Social capital has gained increasing attention from social workers as a way to understand the social networks and resources available to clients, especially new immigrants. Although researchers hav...

We survey more than 1,100 risk managers from around the world regarding their risk management policies. We find evidence consistent with some traditional theories of risk management, but not with all. We then study “why” or “why not” firms hedge and find that almost 90% of risk managers in nonfinancial firms hedge to increase expected cash flow. We also find that 70% to 80% of risk managers hedge to smooth earnings or to satisfy shareholders’ expectations. Our analysis also suggests that regulatory changes implemented to increase market stability (e.g., Dodd‐Frank Act) could discourage corporate hedging. Finally, we provide evidence regarding hedging in six areas of risk: interest rate, foreign exchange, commodity, energy, credit, and geopolitical. We find that operational hedging is more common than financial hedging in all risk areas except foreign exchange.

A random sample of human service workers employed by a large public administration organization in Canada (n = 1574) was surveyed to assess the workers’ experiences with negative interpersonal interactions with colleagues, supervisors, and managers and to determine key organizational factors (i.e., supervision, workload, team dynamics, and workplace culture) that predict experiences of workplace violence. The findings support the need to develop workplace environments that support positive intrapersonal relationships between workers, foster mechanisms for improved interpersonal team functioning, promote equality among workers, and improve supervisor-to-worker attentiveness within supervisory relationships. Implications for human services workplace settings are discussed.

Purpose: We report impact data on faculty ( N = 454) working in 30 of Canada’s accredited social work programs during 2016. Method: Using the Publish or Perish website, faculty member’s h and g indices, and their most frequently cited articles published in the last decade were analyzed both individually and by school. Findings: (a) computed h scores were Ra 0.8–11.9, M = 4.4 and g scores were Ra 1.3–21.3, M = 7.7; (b) the top-ranked citation impact for programs were the University of Toronto, Dalhousie University, and the University of British Columbia; (c) larger programs had significantly higher citation impact for both h and g scores than smaller programs; (d) 17 (27%) of these authors had 10-year citation counts ranging from 176 to 666; and (e) their topics related to children/youth/adolescents (35%) and health care (35%). Discussion: Based on our work in this area, we offer some constructive recommendations to Canadian social work programs and faculty.

This study was designed to determine whether scores on selected Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) scales could be used to differentiate between individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The sample was drawn from 2 psychiatric inpatient hospitals and included data from 199 individuals with SCZ and 808 individuals with MDD. A series of multivariate analyses of variance, analyses of variance, and odds ratios were calculated to determine which MMPI-2-RF scales provide the best differentiation between individuals presenting with these 2 disorders. Results indicated scales assessing internalizing dysfunction, including Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction (EID), Restructured Clinical Scales Demoralization (RCd), Low Positive Emotions (RC2), Suicidal/Death Ideation (SUI), and Self Doubt (SFD) best discriminated MDD from SCZ. Scales assessing thought dysfunction, incluidng Thought Dysfunction (THD), Restructured Clinical Scales Ideas of Persecution (RC6) and Aberrant Experiences (RC8), and Psychoticism-Revised (PSYC-r) were demonstrated to best identify SCZ. Comparisons of the examined MMPI-2-RF scales to MMPI-2 scales assessing similar constructs suggested scales from the MMPI-2-RF perform similarly to their MMPI-2 counterparts in detecting MDD or SCZ, but might have increased ability to discriminate SCZ from other conditions. Overall, results of this study suggest that scores on the examined MMPI-2-RF scales provide important information about the differential diagnosis of MDD and SCZ to clinicians working in inpatient settings.