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443 results on '"Johnson, Catherine L."'

1. 16 Tectonics of the Moon

Author

Nahm, Amanda L., primary, Watters, Thomas R., additional, Johnson, Catherine L., additional, Banks, Maria E., additional, Bogert, Carolyn H. van der, additional, Weber, Renee C., additional, and Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C., additional

Published
2024
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3. InSight Constraints on the Global Character of the Martian Crust

Author

Wieczorek, Mark A, Broquet, Adrien, McLennan, Scott M, Rivoldini, Attilio, Golombek, Matthew, Antonangeli, Daniele, Beghein, Caroline, Giardini, Domenico, Gudkova, Tamara, Gyalay, Szilárd, Johnson, Catherine L, Joshi, Rakshit, Kim, Doyeon, King, Scott D, Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte, Lognonné, Philippe, Michaut, Chloé, Mittelholz, Anna, Nimmo, Francis, Ojha, Lujendra, Panning, Mark P, Plesa, Ana‐Catalina, Siegler, Matthew A, Smrekar, Suzanne E, Spohn, Tilman, and Banerdt, W Bruce

Subjects
mars, crust, crustal composition, gravity, seismology, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology
Abstract

Analyses of seismic data from the InSight mission have provided the first in situ constraints on the thickness of the crust of Mars. These crustal thickness constraints are currently limited to beneath the lander that is located in the northern lowlands, and we use gravity and topography data to construct global crustal thickness models that satisfy the seismic data. These models consider a range of possible mantle and core density profiles, a range of crustal densities, a low-density surface layer, and the possibility that the crustal density of the northern lowlands is greater than that of the southern highlands. Using the preferred InSight three-layer seismic model of the crust, the average crustal thickness of the planet is found to lie between 30 and 72 km. Depending on the choice of the upper mantle density, the maximum permissible density of the northern lowlands and southern highlands crust is constrained to be between 2,850 and 3,100 kg m−3. These crustal densities are lower than typical Martian basaltic materials and are consistent with a crust that is on average more felsic than the materials found at the surface. We argue that a substantial portion of the crust of Mars is a primary crust that formed during the initial differentiation of the planet. Various hypotheses for the origin of the observed intracrustal seisimic layers are assessed, with our preferred interpretation including thick volcanic deposits, ejecta from the Utopia basin, porosity closure, and differentiation products of a Borealis impact melt sheet.

Published
2022

4. The Lunar Geophysical Network Landing Sites Science Rationale

Author

Haviland, Heidi Fuqua, Weber, Renee C., Neal, Clive R., Lognonné, Philippe, Garcia, Raphaël F., Schmerr, Nicholas, Nagihara, Seiichi, Grimm, Robert, Currie, Douglas G., Dell'Agnello, Simone, Watters, Thomas R., Panning, Mark P., Johnson, Catherine L., Yamada, Ryuhei, Knapmeyer, Martin, Ostrach, Lillian R., Kawamura, Taichi, Petro, Noah, and Bremner, Paul M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

The Lunar Geophysical Network (LGN) mission is proposed to land on the Moon in 2030 and deploy packages at four locations to enable geophysical measurements for 6-10 years. Returning to the lunar surface with a long-lived geophysical network is a key next step to advance lunar and planetary science. LGN will greatly expand our primarily Apollo-based knowledge of the deep lunar interior by identifying and characterizing mantle melt layers, as well as core size and state. To meet the mission objectives, the instrument suite provides complementary seismic, geodetic, heat flow, and electromagnetic observations. We discuss the network landing site requirements and provide example sites that meet these requirements. Landing site selection will continue to be optimized throughout the formulation of this mission. Possible sites include the P-5 region within the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT; (lat:$15^{\circ}$; long:$-35^{\circ}$), Schickard Basin (lat:$-44.3^{\circ}$; long:$-55.1^{\circ}$), Crisium Basin (lat:$18.5^{\circ}$; long:$61.8^{\circ}$), and the farside Korolev Basin (lat:$-2.4^{\circ}$; long:$-159.3^{\circ}$). Network optimization considers the best locations to observe seismic core phases, e.g., ScS and PKP. Ray path density and proximity to young fault scarps are also analyzed to provide increased opportunities for seismic observations. Geodetic constraints require the network to have at least three nearside stations at maximum limb distances. Heat flow and electromagnetic measurements should be obtained away from terrane boundaries and from magnetic anomalies at locations representative of global trends. An in-depth case study is provided for Crisium. In addition, we discuss the consequences for scientific return of less than optimal locations or number of stations., Comment: 34 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, 1 appendix. Accepted manuscript, The Planetary Science Journal

Published
2021

7. The Global Surface Roughness of 25143 Itokawa

Author

Susorney, Hannah C. M., Johnson, Catherine L., Barnouin, Olivier S., Daly, Michael G., Seabrook, Jeffrey A., Bierhaus, Edward B., and Lauretta, Dante S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Surface roughness is an important metric in understanding how the geologic history of an asteroid affects its small-scale topography and it provides an additional means to quantitatively compare one asteroid with another. In this study, we report the first detailed global surface roughness maps of 25143 Itokawa at horizontal scales from 8--32~m. Comparison of the spatial distribution of the surface roughness of Itokawa with 433 Eros, the other asteroid for which this kind of analysis has been possible, indicates that the two asteroids are dominated by different geologic processes. On Itokawa, the surface roughness reflects the results of down-slope activity that moves fine grained material into geopotential lows and leaves large blocks in geopotential highs. On 433 Eros, the surface roughness is controlled by geologically-recent large impact craters. In addition, large longitudinal spatial variations of surface roughness could impact the role of YORP on Itokawa.

Published
2019
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8. Observations of Extreme ICME Ram Pressure Compressing Mercury's Dayside Magnetosphere to the Surface

Author

Winslow, Réka M., Lugaz, Noé, Philpott, Lydia, Farrugia, Charles J., Johnson, Catherine L., Anderson, Brian J., Paty, Carol S., Schwadron, Nathan A., and Asad, Manar Al

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Mercury's magnetosphere is known to be affected by enhanced ram pressures and magnetic fields inside interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Here we report detailed observations of an ICME compressing Mercury's dayside magnetosphere to the surface. A fast CME launched from the Sun on November 29 2013 impacted first MESSENGER, which was orbiting Mercury, on November 30 and later STEREO-A near 1 AU on December 1. Following the ICME impact, MESSENGER remained in the solar wind as the spacecraft traveled inwards and northwards towards Mercury's surface until it reached and passed its closest approach to the planet (at 371 km altitude) without crossing into the magnetosphere. The magnetospheric crossing finally occurred 1 minute before reaching the planet's nightside at 400 km altitude and 84$^\circ$N latitude, indicating the lack of dayside magnetosphere on this orbit. In addition, the peak magnetic field measured by MESSENGER at this time was 40% above the values measured in the orbits just prior to and after the ICME, a consequence of the magnetospheric compression. Using both a proxy method at Mercury and measurements at STEREO-A, we show that the extremely high ram pressure associated with this ICME was more than high enough to collapse Mercury's weak magnetosphere. As a consequence, the ICME plasma likely interacted with Mercury's surface, evidenced by enhanced sodium ions in the exosphere. The collapse of Mercury's dayside magnetosphere has important implications for the habitability of close-in exoplanets around M dwarf stars, as such events may significantly contribute to planetary atmospheric loss in these systems.

Published
2019
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15. Spatial variability in size and lipid content of the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus across the Northwest Atlantic continental shelves: implications for North Atlantic right whale prey quality

Author

Helenius, Laura K, primary, Head, Erica J H, additional, Jekielek, Phoebe, additional, Orphanides, Christopher D, additional, Pepin, Pierre, additional, Perrin, Geneviève, additional, Plourde, Stéphane, additional, Ringuette, Marc, additional, Runge, Jeffrey A, additional, Walsh, Harvey J, additional, and Johnson, Catherine L, additional

Published
2023
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17. The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight

Author

Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphaël F., Lognonné, Philippe, Karatekin, Özgür, Perrin, Clément, Martire, Léo, Teanby, Nicholas, Hove, Bart Van, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sébastien, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouarn, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Määttänen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen R., Clinton, John, Stähler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Éric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Véronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., and Banerdt, W. Bruce

Published
2020
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18. Initial results from the InSight mission on Mars

Author

Banerdt, W. Bruce, Smrekar, Suzanne E., Banfield, Don, Giardini, Domenico, Golombek, Matthew, Johnson, Catherine L., Lognonné, Philippe, Spiga, Aymeric, Spohn, Tilman, Perrin, Clément, Stähler, Simon C., Antonangeli, Daniele, Asmar, Sami, Beghein, Caroline, Bowles, Neil, Bozdag, Ebru, Chi, Peter, Christensen, Ulrich, Clinton, John, Collins, Gareth S., Daubar, Ingrid, Dehant, Véronique, Drilleau, Mélanie, Fillingim, Matthew, Folkner, William, Garcia, Raphaël F., Garvin, Jim, Grant, John, Grott, Matthias, Grygorczuk, Jerzy, Hudson, Troy, Irving, Jessica C. E., Kargl, Günter, Kawamura, Taichi, Kedar, Sharon, King, Scott, Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, Knapmeyer, Martin, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Maki, Justin N., Margerin, Ludovic, McLennan, Scott M., Michaut, Chloe, Mimoun, David, Mittelholz, Anna, Mocquet, Antoine, Morgan, Paul, Mueller, Nils T., Murdoch, Naomi, Nagihara, Seiichi, Newman, Claire, Nimmo, Francis, Panning, Mark, Pike, W. Thomas, Plesa, Ana-Catalina, Rodriguez, Sébastien, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio, Russell, Christopher T., Schmerr, Nicholas, Siegler, Matt, Stanley, Sabine, Stutzmann, Eléanore, Teanby, Nicholas, Tromp, Jeroen, van Driel, Martin, Warner, Nicholas, Weber, Renee, and Wieczorek, Mark

Published
2020
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19. Crustal and time-varying magnetic fields at the InSight landing site on Mars

Author

Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Langlais, Benoit, Russell, Christopher T., Ansan, Véronique, Banfield, Don, Chi, Peter J., Fillingim, Matthew O., Forget, Francois, Haviland, Heidi Fuqua, Golombek, Matthew, Joy, Steve, Lognonné, Philippe, Liu, Xinping, Michaut, Chloé, Pan, Lu, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Spiga, Aymeric, Stanley, Sabine, Thorne, Shea N., Wieczorek, Mark A., Yu, Yanan, Smrekar, Suzanne E., and Banerdt, William B.

Published
2020
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23. The curious case of Mercury's internal structure

Author

Hauck, Steven A, Margot, Jean‐Luc, Solomon, Sean C, Phillips, Roger J, Johnson, Catherine L, Lemoine, Frank G, Mazarico, Erwan, McCoy, Timothy J, Padovan, Sebastiano, Peale, Stanton J, Perry, Mark E, Smith, David E, and Zuber, Maria T

Subjects
Mercury, Internal Structure, MESSENGER, interior, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology
Abstract

The recent determination of the gravity field of Mercury and new Earth-based radar observations of the planet's spin state afford the opportunity to explore Mercury's internal structure. These observations provide estimates of two measures of the radial mass distribution of Mercury: the normalized polar moment of inertia and the fractional polar moment of inertia of the solid portion of the planet overlying the liquid core. Employing Monte Carlo techniques, we calculate several million models of the radial density structure of Mercury consistent with its radius and bulk density and constrained by these moment of inertia parameters. We estimate that the top of the liquid core is at a radius of 2020 ± 30 km, the mean density above this boundary is 3380 ± 200 kg m-3, and the density below the boundary is 6980 ± 280 kg m-3. We find that these internal structure parameters are robust across a broad range of compositional models for the core and planet as a whole. Geochemical observations of Mercury's surface by MESSENGER indicate a chemically reducing environment that would favor the partitioning of silicon or both silicon and sulfur into the metallic core during core-mantle differentiation. For a core composed of Fe-S-Si materials, the thermodynamic properties at elevated pressures and temperatures suggest that an FeS-rich layer could form at the top of the core and that a portion of it may be presently solid. Key PointsNew MESSENGER and Earth-based radar data provide Mercury's moments of inertiaMercury's core-mantle boundary is 420 +/- 30 km below the planet's surfaceThe core may be compositionally segregated ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Published
2013

26. New Perspectives on Ancient Mars

Author

Solomon, Sean C., Aharonson, Oded, Aurnou, Jonathan M., Banerdt, W. Bruce, Carr, Michael H., Dombard, Andrew J., Frey, Herbert V., Golombek, Matthew P., Hauck, Steven A., Head, James W., Jakosky, Bruce M., Johnson, Catherine L., McGovern, Patrick J., Neumann, Gregory A., Phillips, Roger J., Smith, David E., and Zuber, Maria T.

Published
2005

27. Exploring Martian Magnetic Fields with a Helicopter

Author

Mittelholz, Anna, primary, Heagy, Lindsey, additional, Johnson, Catherine L., additional, Bapst, Jonathan, additional, Espley, Jared, additional, Fraeman, Abigail A., additional, Langlais, Benoit, additional, Lillis, Robert, additional, and Rapin, William, additional

Published
2023
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28. Spatial variability in size and lipid content of the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus across the Northwest Atlantic continental shelves: implications for North Atlantic right whale prey quality.

Author

Helenius, Laura K, Head, Erica J H, Jekielek, Phoebe, Orphanides, Christopher D, Pepin, Pierre, Perrin, Geneviève, Plourde, Stéphane, Ringuette, Marc, Runge, Jeffrey A, Walsh, Harvey J, and Johnson, Catherine L

Subjects
CALANUS finmarchicus, WHALES, CONTINENTAL shelf, SEASONAL temperature variations, BODY size, LIPIDS
Abstract

Copepod size and energy content are influenced by regional and seasonal variation in temperature and food conditions, with implications for planktivorous consumers such as the endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Historical data (1990–2020) on Calanus finmarchicus stage CV copepodite prosome length and oil sac metrics were analyzed to determine the extent of variation in individual body size and estimated lipid and energy content in five regions of the Northwest Atlantic continental shelves [Gulf of Maine (GoM), Scotian Shelf (SS), Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) and Newfoundland Shelf]. Large-scale spatial patterns in size and lipid content were related to latitude, indicating that C. finmarchicus CV in the GSL and SLE were historically larger in body size, and had significantly higher lipid content compared with those in the GoM and the SS. The observed patterns of C. finmarchicus CV size and lipid storage capacity suggest that regional variation in whale prey energy content can play a role in the suitability of current and future whale foraging habitats in the Northwest Atlantic, with the larger lipid-rich individuals in the GSL providing a high-quality diet compared with those in southern areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Observations of the North Polar Region of Mars from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter

Author

Zuber, Maria T., Smith, David E., Solomon, Sean C., Abshire, James B., Afzal, Robert S., Aharonson, Oded, Fishbaugh, Kathryn, Ford, Peter G., Frey, Herbert V., Garvin, James B., Head, James W., Ivanov, Anton B., Johnson, Catherine L., Muhleman, Duane O., Neumann, Gregory A., Pettengill, Gordon H., Phillips, Roger J., Sun, Xiaoli, Zwally, H. Jay, Banerdt, W. Bruce, and Duxbury, Thomas C.

Published
1998

46. The surface magnetic field environment from InSight

Author

Mittelholz, Anna, primary, Johnson, Catherine L., additional, Fillingim, Matthew O., additional, Joy, Steve, additional, Langlais, Benoit, additional, Thorne, Shea N., additional, Wieczorek, Mark, additional, Smrekar, Sue, additional, and Banerdt, W. Bruce, additional

Published
2022
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47. Redefining North Atlantic right whale habitat‐use patterns under climate change.

Author

Meyer‐Gutbrod, Erin L., Davies, Kimberley T. A., Johnson, Catherine L., Plourde, Stephane, Sorochan, Kevin A., Kenney, Robert D., Ramp, Christian, Gosselin, Jean‐Francois, Lawson, Jack W., and Greene, Charles H.

Subjects
CLIMATE change, CALANUS finmarchicus, EFFECT of human beings on climate change, WHALES, SPRING
Abstract

Changes in the physical oceanography of the Northwest Atlantic stemming from both natural and anthropogenic climate change impact the foraging ecology and distribution of endangered North Atlantic right whales. In this study, right whale sightings from 1990 to 2018 were analyzed to examine decadal patterns in monthly habitat use in 12 high‐use areas. Depth‐integrated abundances of late‐stage Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus hyperboreus were also analyzed for decadal variations in the right whale foraging habitats. There were significant differences in the occurrence, seasonal timing, and persistence of foraging habitats across these three decades. In the decades of the 1990s and the 2010s, prey was less abundant than in the 2000s, corresponding to reduced use of the Southeast US calving grounds in the winter, increased use of Cape Cod Bay in winter and spring, and reduced use of Roseway Basin in the fall. In the 2010s, right whale sightings increased in Southern New England and the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the spring and summer, respectively. Summertime declines in the 2010s in late‐stage copepod abundances in the Gulf of Maine and surrounding regions, as well as in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, indicate that recent increased use of the Gulf of St. Lawrence is driven by a decline in prey in traditional foraging habitats rather than by an increase in prey in the new foraging habitat. This analysis of decadal‐scale differences in right whale sightings and prey abundance is critical for redefining right whale distribution patterns for the most recent (post‐2010) decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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48. InSight Constraints on the Global Character of the Martian Crust

Author

Wieczorek, Mark A., Broquet, Adrien, McLennan, Scott M., Rivoldini, Attilio, Golombek, Matthew, Antonangeli, Daniele, Beghein, Caroline, Giardini, Domenico, Gudkova, Tamara, Gyalay, Szilárd, Johnson, Catherine L., Joshi, Rakshit, Kim, Doyeon, King, Scott D., Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, Lognonné, Philippe, Mittelholz, Anna, Nimmo, Francis, Ojha, Lujendra, Panning, Mark P., Plesa, Ana-Catalina, Siegler, Matthew A., Smrekar, Suzanne E., Spohn, Tilman, and Banerdt, Bruce W.

Subjects
crustal composition, mars, crust, gravity, seismology
Abstract

Analyses of seismic data from the InSight mission have provided the first in situ constraints on the thickness of the crust of Mars. These crustal thickness constraints are currently limited to beneath the lander that is located in the northern lowlands, and we use gravity and topography data to construct global crustal thickness models that satisfy the seismic data. These models consider a range of possible mantle and core density profiles, a range of crustal densities, a low-density surface layer, and the possibility that the crustal density of the northern lowlands is greater than that of the southern highlands. Using the preferred InSight three-layer seismic model of the crust, the average crustal thickness of the planet is found to lie between 30 and 72 km. Depending on the choice of the upper mantle density, the maximum permissible density of the northern lowlands and southern highlands crust is constrained to be between 2,850 and 3,100 kg m(-3). These crustal densities are lower than typical Martian basaltic materials and are consistent with a crust that is on average more felsic than the materials found at the surface. We argue that a substantial portion of the crust of Mars is a primary crust that formed during the initial differentiation of the planet. Various hypotheses for the origin of the observed intracrustal seisimic layers are assessed, with our preferred interpretation including thick volcanic deposits, ejecta from the Utopia basin, porosity closure, and differentiation products of a Borealis impact melt sheet., Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 127 (5), ISSN:0148-0227, ISSN:2169-9097

Published
2022

49. Gravity Field and Internal Structure of Mercury from MESSENGER

Author

Smith, David E., Zuber, Maria T., Phillips, Roger J., Solomon, Sean C., Hauck, Steven A., Lemoine, Frank G., Mazarico, Erwan, Neumann, Gregory A., Peale, Stanton J., Margot, Jean-Luc, Johnson, Catherine L., Torrence, Mark H., Perry, Mark E., Rowlands, David D., Goossens, Sander, Head, James W., and Taylor, Anthony H.

Published
2012
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50. Topography of the Northern Hemisphere of Mercury from MESSENGER Laser Altimetry

Author

Zuber, María T., Smith, David E., Phillips, Roger J., Solomon, Sean C., Neumann, Gregory A., Hauck, Steven A., Peale, Stanton J., Barnouin, Olivier S., Head, James W., Johnson, Catherine L., Lemoine, Frank G., Mazarico, Erwan, Sun, Xiaoli, Torrence, Mark H., Freed, Andrew M., Klimczak, Christian, Margot, Jean-Luc, Oberst, Jürgen, Perry, Mark E., McNutt, Ralph L., Balcerski, Jeffrey A., Michel, Nathalie, Talpe, Matthieu J., and Di Yang

Published
2012
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