3,909 results on '"Johnson, Nicholas"'
Search Results
2. Transit by Christian Petzold (review)
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas K.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Detecting the South in Fiction, Film & Television by Deborah E. Barker and Theresa Starkey (review)
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas K. and Cohen, Paul
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Samuel Beckett in Virtual Reality: Exploring Narrative Using Free Viewpoint Video
- Author
-
O'Dwyer, Néill, Johnson, Nicholas, Bates, Enda, Pagés, Rafael, OndŘej, Jan, Amplianitis, Konstantinos, Monaghan, David, and Smolic, Aljoša
- Published
- 2021
5. Predictive Low Rank Matrix Learning under Partial Observations: Mixed-Projection ADMM
- Author
-
Bertsimas, Dimitris and Johnson, Nicholas A. G.
- Subjects
Statistics - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
We study the problem of learning a partially observed matrix under the low rank assumption in the presence of fully observed side information that depends linearly on the true underlying matrix. This problem consists of an important generalization of the Matrix Completion problem, a central problem in Statistics, Operations Research and Machine Learning, that arises in applications such as recommendation systems, signal processing, system identification and image denoising. We formalize this problem as an optimization problem with an objective that balances the strength of the fit of the reconstruction to the observed entries with the ability of the reconstruction to be predictive of the side information. We derive a mixed-projection reformulation of the resulting optimization problem and present a strong semidefinite cone relaxation. We design an efficient, scalable alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm that produces high quality feasible solutions to the problem of interest. Our numerical results demonstrate that in the small rank regime ($k \leq 15$), our algorithm outputs solutions that achieve on average $79\%$ lower objective value and $90.1\%$ lower $\ell_2$ reconstruction error than the solutions returned by the experiment-wise best performing benchmark method. The runtime of our algorithm is competitive with and often superior to that of the benchmark methods. Our algorithm is able to solve problems with $n = 10000$ rows and $m = 10000$ columns in less than a minute.
- Published
- 2024
6. Treme (TV Milestones Series) by Jaimey Fisher (review)
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas K.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Cell-type-specific effects of age and sex on human cortical neurons
- Author
-
Chien, Jo-Fan, Liu, Hanqing, Wang, Bang-An, Luo, Chongyuan, Bartlett, Anna, Castanon, Rosa, Johnson, Nicholas D, Nery, Joseph R, Osteen, Julia, Li, Junhao, Altshul, Jordan, Kenworthy, Mia, Valadon, Cynthia, Liem, Michelle, Claffey, Naomi, O'Connor, Caz, Seeker, Luise A, Ecker, Joseph R, Behrens, M Margarita, and Mukamel, Eran A
- Subjects
Biological Psychology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Psychology ,Genetics ,Women's Health ,Human Genome ,Aging ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Underpinning research ,Neurological ,DNA methylation ,EGR1 ,X inactivation ,aging ,epigenome ,frontal cortex ,sex differences ,single cell ,telomere ,transcriptome ,Cognitive Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Biological psychology - Abstract
Altered transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of brain cell types may contribute to cognitive changes with advanced age. Using single-nucleus multi-omic DNA methylation and transcriptome sequencing (snmCT-seq) in frontal cortex from young adult and aged donors, we found widespread age- and sex-related variation in specific neuron types. The proportion of inhibitory SST- and VIP-expressing neurons was reduced in aged donors. Excitatory neurons had more profound age-related changes in their gene expression and DNA methylation than inhibitory cells. Hundreds of genes involved in synaptic activity, including EGR1, were less expressed in aged adults. Genes located in subtelomeric regions increased their expression with age and correlated with reduced telomere length. We further mapped cell-type-specific sex differences in gene expression and X-inactivation escape genes. Multi-omic single-nucleus epigenomes and transcriptomes provide new insight into the effects of age and sex on human neurons.
- Published
- 2024
8. Samuel Beckett in Virtual Reality: Exploring Narrative Using Free Viewpoint Video
- Author
-
O’Dwyer, Néill, Johnson, Nicholas, Bates, Enda, Pagés, Rafael, Ondřej, Jan, Amplianitis, Konstantinos, Monaghan, David, and Smolic, Aljoša
- Published
- 2021
9. Defining clinical endpoints in limb girdle muscular dystrophy: a GRASP-LGMD study.
- Author
-
Doody, Amy, Alfano, Lindsay, Diaz-Manera, Jordi, Lowes, Linda, Mozaffar, Tahseen, Mathews, Katherine, Weihl, Conrad, Wicklund, Matthew, Hung, Man, Statland, Jeffrey, and Johnson, Nicholas
- Subjects
Clinical outcome assessments ,Clinical trials ,Limb girdle muscular dystrophy ,Muscular dystrophy ,Therapeutic development ,Humans ,Muscular Dystrophies ,Limb-Girdle ,Phenotype ,Muscle ,Skeletal ,Mutation ,Sarcoglycanopathies ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Molecular Chaperones ,HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Pentosyltransferases ,Anoctamins - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMDs) are characterized by progressive weakness of the shoulder and hip girdle muscles as a result of over 30 different genetic mutations. This study is designed to develop clinical outcome assessments across the group of disorders. METHODS/DESIGN: The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the utility of a set of outcome measures on a wide range of LGMD phenotypes and ability levels to determine if it would be possible to use similar outcomes between individuals with different phenotypes. We will perform a multi-center, 12-month study of 188 LGMD patients within the established Genetic Resolution and Assessments Solving Phenotypes in LGMD (GRASP-LGMD) Research Consortium, which is comprised of 11 sites in the United States and 2 sites in Europe. Enrolled patients will be clinically affected and have mutations in CAPN3 (LGMDR1), ANO5 (LGMDR12), DYSF (LGMDR2), DNAJB6 (LGMDD1), SGCA (LGMDR3), SGCB (LGMDR4), SGCD (LGMDR6), or SGCG (LGMDR5, or FKRP-related (LGMDR9). DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this will be the largest consortium organized to prospectively validate clinical outcome assessments (COAs) in LGMD at its completion. These assessments will help clinical trial readiness by identifying reliable, valid, and responsive outcome measures as well as providing data driven clinical trial decision making for future clinical trials on therapeutic agents for LGMD. The results of this study will permit more efficient clinical trial design. All relevant data will be made available for investigators or companies involved in LGMD therapeutic development upon conclusion of this study as applicable. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03981289; Date of registration: 6/10/2019.
- Published
- 2024
10. Compressed sensing: a discrete optimization approach
- Author
-
Bertsimas, Dimitris and Johnson, Nicholas A. G.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Cerebrospinal Creatine Kinase BB Isoenzyme: A Biomarker for Predicting Outcome After Cardiac Arrest
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas J., Matin, Nassim, Singh, Amita, Davis, Arielle P., Liao, Hsuan-Chien, Town, James A., Tirschwell, David L., Nash, Michael G., Longstreth, Jr., W. T., and Khot, Sandeep P.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Beyond counting accurately: a longitudinal study of preschoolers’ emerging understandings of the structure of the number sequence
- Author
-
McMillan, Brandon G., Johnson, Nicholas C., and Schexnayder, Jennifer Ricketts
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. An Economic Evaluation of a Streamlined Day-Case Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Protocol and Conventional Cryoballoon Ablation versus Antiarrhythmic Drugs in a UK Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Population
- Author
-
Moss, Joe W. E., Todd, Derick, Grodzicki, Lukasz, Palazzolo, Beatrice, Mattock, Richard, Mealing, Stuart, Souter, Maxim, Brown, Benedict, Bromilow, Tom, Lewis, Damian, McCready, James, Tayebjee, Muzahir, Shepherd, Ewen, Sasikaran, Thiagarajah, Coyle, Clare, Ismyrloglou, Eleni, Johnson, Nicholas A., and Kanagaratnam, Prapa
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Arthroscopic Treatment of Cam-Type Deformity
- Author
-
Gerhardt, Michael B., primary, Johnson, Nicholas, additional, and Johnson, Brandon, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Skeletal Muscle Spheroids as Building Blocks for Engineered Muscle Tissue
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas, Filler, Andrea C, Sethi, Akash, Smith, Lucas R, and Leach, J Kent
- Subjects
Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Regenerative Medicine ,Musculoskeletal ,Animals ,Cattle ,Mice ,Tissue Engineering ,Spheroids ,Cellular ,Muscle ,Skeletal ,Cell Differentiation ,Alginates ,spheroids ,skeletal muscle ,bioprinting ,muscle engineering ,hydrogel ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Spheroids exhibit enhanced cell-cell interactions that facilitate improved survival and mimic the physiological cellular environment in vivo. Cell spheroids have been successfully used as building blocks for engineered tissues, yet the viability of this approach with skeletal muscle spheroids is poorly understood, particularly when incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) constructs. Bioprinting is a promising strategy to recapitulate the hierarchical organization of native tissue that is fundamental to its function. However, the influence of bioprinting on skeletal muscle cell spheroids and their function are yet to be interrogated. Using C2C12 mouse myoblasts and primary bovine muscle stem cells (MuSCs), we characterized spheroid formation as a function of duration and cell seeding density. We then investigated the potential of skeletal muscle spheroids entrapped in alginate bioink as tissue building blocks for bioprinting myogenic tissue. Both C2C12 and primary bovine MuSCs formed spheroids of similar sizes and remained viable after bioprinting. Spheroids of both cell types fused into larger tissue clusters over time within alginate and exhibited tissue formation comparable to monodisperse cells. Compared to monodisperse cells in alginate gels, C2C12 spheroids exhibited greater MyHC expression after 2 weeks, while cells within bovine MuSC spheroids displayed increased cell spreading. Both monodisperse and MuSC spheroids exhibited increased expression of genes denoting mid- and late-stage myogenic differentiation. Together, these data suggest that skeletal muscle spheroids have the potential for generating myogenic tissue via 3D bioprinting and reveal areas of research that could enhance myogenesis and myogenic differentiation in future studies.
- Published
- 2024
16. Compressed Sensing: A Discrete Optimization Approach
- Author
-
Bertsimas, Dimitris and Johnson, Nicholas A. G.
- Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
We study the Compressed Sensing (CS) problem, which is the problem of finding the most sparse vector that satisfies a set of linear measurements up to some numerical tolerance. We introduce an $\ell_2$ regularized formulation of CS which we reformulate as a mixed integer second order cone program. We derive a second order cone relaxation of this problem and show that under mild conditions on the regularization parameter, the resulting relaxation is equivalent to the well studied basis pursuit denoising problem. We present a semidefinite relaxation that strengthens the second order cone relaxation and develop a custom branch-and-bound algorithm that leverages our second order cone relaxation to solve small-scale instances of CS to certifiable optimality. When compared against solutions produced by three state of the art benchmark methods on synthetic data, our numerical results show that our approach produces solutions that are on average $6.22\%$ more sparse. When compared only against the experiment-wise best performing benchmark method on synthetic data, our approach produces solutions that are on average $3.10\%$ more sparse. On real world ECG data, for a given $\ell_2$ reconstruction error our approach produces solutions that are on average $9.95\%$ more sparse than benchmark methods ($3.88\%$ more sparse if only compared against the best performing benchmark), while for a given sparsity level our approach produces solutions that have on average $10.77\%$ lower reconstruction error than benchmark methods ($1.42\%$ lower error if only compared against the best performing benchmark). When used as a component of a multi-label classification algorithm, our approach achieves greater classification accuracy than benchmark compressed sensing methods. This improved accuracy comes at the cost of an increase in computation time by several orders of magnitude.
- Published
- 2023
17. Theatrum Philosophicum : A Platonic Turn in Theatre Scholarship
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A comparative atlas of single-cell chromatin accessibility in the human brain.
- Author
-
Li, Yang, Preissl, Sebastian, Miller, Michael, Poirion, Olivier, Kern, Colin, Pinto-Duarte, Antonio, Tian, Wei, Siletti, Kimberly, Emerson, Nora, Osteen, Julia, Lucero, Jacinta, Lin, Lin, Yang, Qian, Zhu, Quan, Zemke, Nathan, Espinoza, Sarah, Yanny, Anna, Nyhus, Julie, Dee, Nick, Casper, Tamara, Shapovalova, Nadiya, Hirschstein, Daniel, Hodge, Rebecca, Linnarsson, Sten, Bakken, Trygve, Levi, Boaz, Keene, C, Shang, Jingbo, Lein, Ed, Wang, Allen, Behrens, M, Ecker, Joseph, Ren, Bing, Wang, Zihan, Jiao, Henry, Zhu, Chenxu, Wang, Zhaoning, Xie, Yang, and Johnson, Nicholas
- Subjects
Animals ,Humans ,Mice ,Brain ,Chromatin ,DNA ,Neurons ,Regulatory Sequences ,Nucleic Acid ,Atlases as Topic ,Single-Cell Analysis - Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics have illuminated the diverse neuronal and glial cell types within the human brain. However, the regulatory programs governing cell identity and function remain unclear. Using a single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (snATAC-seq), we explored open chromatin landscapes across 1.1 million cells in 42 brain regions from three adults. Integrating this data unveiled 107 distinct cell types and their specific utilization of 544,735 candidate cis-regulatory DNA elements (cCREs) in the human genome. Nearly a third of the cCREs demonstrated conservation and chromatin accessibility in the mouse brain cells. We reveal strong links between specific brain cell types and neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimers disease (AD), and major depression, and have developed deep learning models to predict the regulatory roles of noncoding risk variants in these disorders.
- Published
- 2023
19. Single-cell DNA methylation and 3D genome architecture in the human brain.
- Author
-
Lucero, Jacinta, Osteen, Julia, Emerson, Nora, Rink, Jon, Lee, Jasper, Li, Yang, Siletti, Kimberly, Liem, Michelle, Claffey, Naomi, OConnor, Carolyn, Yanny, Anna, Nyhus, Julie, Dee, Nick, Casper, Tamara, Shapovalova, Nadiya, Hirschstein, Daniel, Ding, Song-Lin, Hodge, Rebecca, Levi, Boaz, Keene, C, Linnarsson, Sten, Lein, Ed, Ren, Bing, Behrens, M, Ecker, Joseph, Liu, Hanqing, Castanon, Rosa, Kenworthy, Mia, Altshul, Jordan, Valadon, Cynthia, Aldridge, Andrew, Nery, Joseph, Chen, Huaming, Xu, Jiaying, Tian, Wei, Zhou, Jingtian, Bartlett, Anna, Zeng, Qiurui, and Johnson, Nicholas
- Abstract
Delineating the gene-regulatory programs underlying complex cell types is fundamental for understanding brain function in health and disease. Here, we comprehensively examined human brain cell epigenomes by probing DNA methylation and chromatin conformation at single-cell resolution in 517 thousand cells (399 thousand neurons and 118 thousand non-neurons) from 46 regions of three adult male brains. We identified 188 cell types and characterized their molecular signatures. Integrative analyses revealed concordant changes in DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, chromatin organization, and gene expression across cell types, cortical areas, and basal ganglia structures. We further developed single-cell methylation barcodes that reliably predict brain cell types using the methylation status of select genomic sites. This multimodal epigenomic brain cell atlas provides new insights into the complexity of cell-type-specific gene regulation in adult human brains.
- Published
- 2023
20. E-bike Incentive Programs Reduce GHGs and Support Recreational Travel
- Author
-
Fitch-Polse, Dillon, Johnson, Nicholas, and Handy, Susan
- Subjects
Electric bicycles ,Incentives ,Ownership ,Travel behavior - Abstract
Local and state electric bike (e-bike) incentive programs offering point-of-sale or post-sale monetary discounts to consumers have been implemented across the United States since 2018. As yet, however, little is known about their effectiveness in changing travel behavior. To understand the outcomes of these incentive programs, UC Davis researchers analyzed survey data from rebate recipients in Northern California two months and one year after they acquired e-bikes. The rebate programs were evaluated for effects of e-bike ownership on travel behavior, including changes in bicycling, driving, and use of transit, and on greenhouse gas emissions. The team also suggest areas for future research. View the NCST Project Webpage
- Published
- 2023
21. Concave Pro-rata Games
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas A. G, Diamandis, Theo, Evans, Alex, de Valence, Henry, and Angeris, Guillermo
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory ,Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Multiagent Systems - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a family of games called concave pro-rata games. In such a game, players place their assets into a pool, and the pool pays out some concave function of all assets placed into it. Each player then receives a pro-rata share of the payout; i.e., each player receives an amount proportional to how much they placed in the pool. Such games appear in a number of practical scenarios, including as a simplified version of batched decentralized exchanges, such as those proposed by Penumbra. We show that this game has a number of interesting properties, including a symmetric pure equilibrium that is the unique equilibrium of this game, and we prove that its price of anarchy is $\Omega(n)$ in the number of players. We also show some numerical results in the iterated setting which suggest that players quickly converge to an equilibrium in iterated play.
- Published
- 2023
22. Concave Pro-rata Games
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas A. G., Diamandis, Theo, Evans, Alex, de Valence, Henry, Angeris, Guillermo, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Essex, Aleksander, editor, Matsuo, Shin'ichiro, editor, Kulyk, Oksana, editor, Gudgeon, Lewis, editor, Klages-Mundt, Ariah, editor, Perez, Daniel, editor, Werner, Sam, editor, Bracciali, Andrea, editor, and Goodell, Geoff, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Fatal West Nile Virus Infection in Horse Returning to United Kingdom from Spain, 2022
- Author
-
Schilling, Mirjam, Dunkel, Bettina, Floyd, Tobias, Hicks, Daniel, Nunez, Alex, Steinbach, Falko, Folly, Arran J., and Johnson, Nicholas
- Subjects
West Nile fever -- Health aspects ,Vaccination -- Health aspects ,Nervous system diseases -- Health aspects ,Infection -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
A West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak among equids occurred in Andalusia, Spain, in 2020, and subsequent cases were reported in 2021 and 2022 (1). Thus far, WNV originating in the [...]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Kennst du das Land? : Learning the Language of Landscape in Little Women
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Protection of mRNA vaccines against hospitalized COVID-19 in adults over the first year following authorization in the United States
- Author
-
Tenforde, Mark W, Self, Wesley H, Zhu, Yuwei, Naioti, Eric A, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Jensen, Kelly, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, ten Lohuis, Caitlin, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Botros, Mena M, Lauring, Adam S, Shapiro, Nathan I, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Rhoads, Jillian P, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Turbyfill, Caitlin, Olson, Samantha, Murray, Nancy, Adams, Katherine, and Patel, Manish M
- Subjects
Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Immunization ,Vaccine Related ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Hospitalization ,mRNA Vaccines ,RNA ,Messenger ,SARS-CoV-2 ,United States ,Aged ,duration of protection ,waning ,vaccine effectiveness ,mRNA ,Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were authorized in the United States in December 2020. Although vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mild infection declines markedly after several months, limited understanding exists on the long-term durability of protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization.MethodsCase-control analysis of adults (≥18 years) hospitalized at 21 hospitals in 18 states 11 March-15 December 2021, including COVID-19 case patients and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-negative controls. We included adults who were unvaccinated or vaccinated with 2 doses of a mRNA vaccine before the date of illness onset. VE over time was assessed using logistic regression comparing odds of vaccination in cases versus controls, adjusting for confounders. Models included dichotomous time (
- Published
- 2023
26. (anti-)capitalsism: a manifesto
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas, primary, Curtin, Adrian, additional, Werden, Claire, additional, and Paxton, Naomi, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Absolute and Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of Primary and Booster Series of COVID-19 Vaccines (mRNA and Adenovirus Vector) Against COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States, December 2021–April 2022
- Author
-
Lewis, Nathaniel M, Murray, Nancy, Adams, Katherine, Surie, Diya, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Ali, Harith, Prekker, Matthew E, Frosch, Anne E, Exline, Matthew C, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Lauring, Adam S, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Busse, Laurence W, Bender, William, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Chappell, James D, Halasa, Natasha, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Rhoads, Jillian P, McMorrow, Meredith L, Tenforde, Mark W, Self, Wesley H, Patel, Manish M, Calhoun, Nicole, Murthy, Kempapura, Herrick, Judy, McKillop, Amanda, Hoffman, Eric, Zayed, Martha, Smith, Michael, Steingrub, Jay, Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Souza, Lesley De, Ouellette, Scott, Bolstad, Michael, Coviello, Brianna, Ciottone, Robert, Devilla, Arnaldo, Grafals, Ana, Higgins, Conor, Ottanelli, Carlo, Redman, Kimberly, Scaffidi, Douglas, Weingart, Alexander, Patel, Manish, Tenforde, Mark, Lewis, Nathaniel, Olson, Samantha, Stephenson, Meagan, McMorrow, Meredith, Tremarelli, Maraia, Turbyfill, Caitlin, Mehkri, Omar, Mitchell, Megan, Griffith, Zachary, Brennan, Connery, Ashok, Kiran, Poynter, Bryan, and Busse, Laurence
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Immunization ,Biotechnology ,Vaccine Related ,Prevention ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.4 Vaccines ,Good Health and Well Being ,absolute vaccine effectiveness ,booster vaccine series ,COVID-19 ,primary vaccine series ,relative vaccine effectiveness ,Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network ,Clinical sciences ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are increasingly reporting relative VE (rVE) comparing a primary series plus booster doses with a primary series only. Interpretation of rVE differs from traditional studies measuring absolute VE (aVE) of a vaccine regimen against an unvaccinated referent group. We estimated aVE and rVE against COVID-19 hospitalization in primary-series plus first-booster recipients of COVID-19 vaccines.MethodsBooster-eligible immunocompetent adults hospitalized at 21 medical centers in the United States during December 25, 2021-April 4, 2022 were included. In a test-negative design, logistic regression with case status as the outcome and completion of primary vaccine series or primary series plus 1 booster dose as the predictors, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate aVE and rVE.ResultsA total of 2060 patients were analyzed, including 1104 COVID-19 cases and 956 controls. Relative VE against COVID-19 hospitalization in boosted mRNA vaccine recipients versus primary series only was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55%-74%); aVE was 81% (95% CI, 75%-86%) for boosted versus 46% (95% CI, 30%-58%) for primary. For boosted Janssen vaccine recipients versus primary series, rVE was 49% (95% CI, -9% to 76%); aVE was 62% (95% CI, 33%-79%) for boosted versus 36% (95% CI, -4% to 60%) for primary.ConclusionsVaccine booster doses increased protection against COVID-19 hospitalization compared with a primary series. Comparing rVE measures across studies can lead to flawed interpretations of the added value of a new vaccination regimen, whereas difference in aVE, when available, may be a more useful metric.
- Published
- 2023
28. Impacts of E-bike Ownership on Travel Behavior: Evidence from three Northern California rebate programs
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas, Fitch-Polse, Dillon, and Handy, Susan
- Subjects
Bicycles ,Electric vehicles ,Equity (Justice) ,Greenhouse gases ,Incentives ,Surveys ,Travel behavior - Abstract
E-bike incentive programs are being utilized across the United States to encourage the adoption of active transportation. This study assesses the impacts of three e-bike rebate programs in Northern California using survey results gathered by each agency. Three research questions are answered through this study: “How has e-bike ownership impacted the mode choices, trip purpose, and travel frequency of our sample?”, “How much do e-bike rebate recipients reduce their mobile greenhouse gases (GHGs)?”, and “How did the design of each program impact who was able to participate and the program outcomes?”. To answer these, the research team merged and cleaned the survey data from the three programs, explored descriptive statistics, and undertook an estimation of GHG emissions reductions. This analysis highlighted changes in travel behavior, car travel replacement, the impact of program designs, and various equity impacts. E-bike recipients reported more regular bike use after getting their e-bike, although their frequency of bike travel began to decline in the long-term. Respondents also reported high rates of occasional car trip replacement (1-3 times per week and 1-3 times per month). The vast majority of e-bike use in the sample was for recreational travel. Although the GHG reductions analysis estimated a monthly diversion of 12-44 kilograms of CO2 per rebate participant. The authors conclude with an equity analysis that explores how program design influenced who participated in these rebate programs. This found that low-income requirements are successful at targeting those with the most need for financial assistance, though these requirements do not help meet other equity metrics by association.View the NCST Project Webpage
- Published
- 2023
29. Early Estimates of Bivalent mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent Adults Aged ≥65 Years — IVY Network, 18 States, September 8–November 30, 2022
- Author
-
Surie, Diya, DeCuir, Jennifer, Zhu, Yuwei, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Ali, Harith, Taghizadeh, Leyla, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Khan, Akram, Bender, William S, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Lauring, Adam S, Shapiro, Nathan I, Columbus, Cristie, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Rhoads, Jillian P, Hart, Kimberly W, Swan, Sydney A, Lewis, Nathaniel M, McMorrow, Meredith L, Self, Wesley H, and Network, IVY
- Subjects
Vaccine Related ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunization ,Biodefense ,Prevention ,3.4 Vaccines ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Aged ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Vaccine Efficacy ,Hospitalization ,RNA ,Messenger ,Vaccines ,Combined ,IVY Network ,General & Internal Medicine - Abstract
Monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, designed against the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2, successfully reduced COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in the United States and globally (1,2). However, vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-associated hospitalization has declined over time, likely related to a combination of factors, including waning immunity and, with the emergence of the Omicron variant and its sublineages, immune evasion (3). To address these factors, on September 1, 2022, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended a bivalent COVID-19 mRNA booster (bivalent booster) dose, developed against the spike protein from ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineages, for persons who had completed at least a primary COVID-19 vaccination series (with or without monovalent booster doses) ≥2 months earlier (4). Data on the effectiveness of a bivalent booster dose against COVID-19 hospitalization in the United States are lacking, including among older adults, who are at highest risk for severe COVID-19-associated illness. During September 8-November 30, 2022, the Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network§ assessed effectiveness of a bivalent booster dose received after ≥2 doses of monovalent mRNA vaccine against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among immunocompetent adults aged ≥65 years. When compared with unvaccinated persons, VE of a bivalent booster dose received ≥7 days before illness onset (median = 29 days) against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was 84%. Compared with persons who received ≥2 monovalent-only mRNA vaccine doses, relative VE of a bivalent booster dose was 73%. These early findings show that a bivalent booster dose provided strong protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization in older adults and additional protection among persons with previous monovalent-only mRNA vaccination. All eligible persons, especially adults aged ≥65 years, should receive a bivalent booster dose to maximize protection against COVID-19 hospitalization this winter season. Additional strategies to prevent respiratory illness, such as masking in indoor public spaces, should also be considered, especially in areas where COVID-19 community levels are high (4,5).
- Published
- 2022
30. Comparison of test-negative and syndrome-negative controls in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness evaluations for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States
- Author
-
Turbyfill, Caitlin, Adams, Katherine, Tenforde, Mark W, Murray, Nancy L, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, McNeal, Tresa, Ghamande, Shekhar, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Frosch, Anne E, Exline, Matthew C, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, Samuel M, Martin, Emily T, Lauring, Adam S, Khan, Akram, Busse, Laurence W, Lohuis, Caitlin C ten, Duggal, Abhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Kwon, Jennie H, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Rhoads, Jillian P, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, McMorrow, Meredith, Surie, Diya, Self, Wesley H, and Patel, Manish M
- Subjects
Prevention ,Lung ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Immunization ,Clinical Research ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Biodefense ,Infectious Diseases ,Vaccine Related ,Rehabilitation ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Adult ,United States ,Influenza ,Human ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 Testing ,Vaccine Efficacy ,Case-Control Studies ,Influenza Vaccines ,Hospitalization ,Syndrome ,Test-negative ,Vaccine effectiveness ,Case-control study ,Control groups ,Research design ,Biological Sciences ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Virology - Abstract
BackgroundTest-negative design (TND) studies have produced validated estimates of vaccine effectiveness (VE) for influenza vaccine studies. However, syndrome-negative controls have been proposed for differentiating bias and true estimates in VE evaluations for COVID-19. To understand the use of alternative control groups, we compared characteristics and VE estimates of syndrome-negative and test-negative VE controls.MethodsAdults hospitalized at 21 medical centers in 18 states March 11-August 31, 2021 were eligible for analysis. Case patients had symptomatic acute respiratory infection (ARI) and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Control groups were test-negative patients with ARI but negative SARS-CoV-2 testing, and syndrome-negative controls were without ARI and negative SARS-CoV-2 testing. Chi square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to detect differences in baseline characteristics. VE against COVID-19 hospitalization was calculated using logistic regression comparing adjusted odds of prior mRNA vaccination between cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and each control group.Results5811 adults (2726 cases, 1696 test-negative controls, and 1389 syndrome-negative controls) were included. Control groups differed across characteristics including age, race/ethnicity, employment, previous hospitalizations, medical conditions, and immunosuppression. However, control-group-specific VE estimates were very similar. Among immunocompetent patients aged 18-64 years, VE was 93 % (95 % CI: 90-94) using syndrome-negative controls and 91 % (95 % CI: 88-93) using test-negative controls.ConclusionsDespite demographic and clinical differences between control groups, the use of either control group produced similar VE estimates across age groups and immunosuppression status. These findings support the use of test-negative controls and increase confidence in COVID-19 VE estimates produced by test-negative design studies.
- Published
- 2022
31. The Neurocritical Care Examination and Workup
- Author
-
Wahlster, Sarah and Johnson, Nicholas J.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine for Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Progression to High Disease Severity in the United States
- Author
-
Lewis, Nathaniel M, Self, Wesley H, Gaglani, Manjusha, Ginde, Adit A, Douin, David J, Talbot, H Keipp, Casey, Jonathan D, Mohr, Nicholas M, Zepeski, Anne, Ghamande, Shekhar A, McNeal, Tresa A, Shapiro, Nathan I, Gibbs, Kevin W, Files, D Clark, Hager, David N, Shehu, Arber, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Gong, Michelle N, Mohamed, Amira, Johnson, Nicholas J, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Steingrub, Jay S, Peltan, Ithan D, Brown, amuel M, Martin, Emily T, Monto, Arnold S, Khan, Akram, Busse, Laurence W, Lohuis, Caitlin C ten, Duggal, bhijit, Wilson, Jennifer G, Gordon, Alexandra June, Qadir, Nida, Chang, Steven Y, Mallow, Christopher, Rivas, Carolina, Babcock, Hilary M, Kwon, Jennie H, Exline, Matthew C, Lauring, Adam S, Halasa, Natasha, Chappell, James D, Grijalva, Carlos G, Rice, Todd W, Rhoads, Jillian P, Jones, Ian D, Stubblefield, William B, Baughman, Adrienne, Womack, Kelsey N, Lindsell, Christopher J, Hart, Kimberly W, Zhu, Yuwei, Adams, Katherine, Patel, Manish M, Tenforde, Mark W, and Collaborators, IVY Network
- Subjects
Rare Diseases ,Immunization ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Vaccine Related ,3.4 Vaccines ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Good Health and Well Being ,Ad26COVS1 ,Adult ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Hospitalization ,Humans ,Influenza Vaccines ,Influenza ,Human ,Severity of Illness Index ,United States ,vaccine effectiveness ,viral vector vaccines ,IVY Network Collaborators ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology - Abstract
Background . Adults in the United States (US) began receiving the adenovirus vector coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson [Janssen]), in February 2021. We evaluated Ad26.COV2.S vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 hospitalization and high disease severity during the first 10 months of its use. Methods . In a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults (≥18 years) hospitalized 11 March to 15 December 2021, we estimated VE against susceptibility to COVID-19 hospitalization (VEs), comparing odds of prior vaccination with a single dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine between hospitalized cases with COVID-19 and controls without COVID-19. Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we estimated VE against disease progression (VEp) to death or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), comparing odds of prior vaccination between patients with and without progression. Results . After excluding patients receiving mRNA vaccines, among 3979 COVID-19 case-patients (5% vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S) and 2229 controls (13% vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S), VEs of Ad26.COV2.S against COVID-19 hospitalization was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63-75%) overall, including 55% (29-72%) among immunocompromised patients, and 72% (64-77%) among immunocompetent patients, for whom VEs was similar at 14-90 days (73% [59-82%]), 91-180 days (71% [60-80%]), and 181-274 days (70% [54-81%]) postvaccination. Among hospitalized COVID-19 case-patients, VEp was 46% (18-65%) among immunocompetent patients. Conclusions . The Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine reduced the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization by 72% among immunocompetent adults without waning through 6 months postvaccination. After hospitalization for COVID-19, vaccinated immunocompetent patients were less likely to require IMV or die compared to unvaccinated immunocompetent patients.
- Published
- 2022
33. Awareness with paralysis and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among mechanically ventilated emergency department survivors (ED-AWARENESS-2 Trial): study protocol for a pragmatic, multicenter, stepped wedge cluster randomized trial
- Author
-
Fuller, Brian M., Driver, Brian E., Roberts, Michael B., Schorr, Christa A., Thompson, Kathryn, Faine, Brett, Yeary, Julianne, Mohr, Nicholas M., Pappal, Ryan D., Stephens, Robert J., Yan, Yan, Johnson, Nicholas J., and Roberts, Brian W.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Subtelomeric 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase copy number variation confers glyphosate resistance in Eleusine indica
- Author
-
Zhang, Chun, Johnson, Nicholas A., Hall, Nathan, Tian, Xingshan, Yu, Qin, and Patterson, Eric L.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Identification of cerebral spinal fluid protein biomarkers in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1
- Author
-
Campbell, Kiersten, Cawley, Niamh X., Luke, Rachel, Scott, Katelin E. J., Johnson, Nicholas, Farhat, Nicole Y., Alexander, Derek, Wassif, Christopher A., Li, Wenping, Cologna, Stephanie M., Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth, Do, An Dang, Dale, Ryan K., and Porter, Forbes D.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Is There a Right Way? Productive Patterns of Interaction during Collaborative Problem Solving
- Author
-
Webb, Noreen M., Ing, Marsha, Burnheimer, Eric, Johnson, Nicholas C., Franke, Megan L., and Zimmerman, Joy
- Abstract
Compelling research evidence shows benefits for student learning from explaining one's ideas and engaging with the ideas of others. However, whether certain patterns of group interaction may engender this productive student participation is unknown. Using data from two third grade mathematics classrooms, and over the course of six days during a five-month span, we investigated how students interacted with each other to solve problems when the teacher was not driving the interaction. We identified multiple profiles of group interaction that yielded highly-detailed participation for some or all students in the group. These profiles varied in terms of whether students interacted in an ongoing, sustained manner or interacted periodically but not continually, whether one or multiple students initiated problem-solving strategies, and whether group members worked jointly or largely separately on their strategies. No single profile of group interaction was either necessary or sufficient to lead to highly-detailed participation for all students in the group.
- Published
- 2021
37. 'What Do You Think She's Going to Do Next?' Irresolution and Ambiguity as Resources for Collective Engagement
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas C., Franke, Megan L., Webb, Noreen M., Ing, Marsha, Burnheimer, Eric, and Zimmerman, Joy
- Abstract
Understanding how learning environments productively mobilize children's ideas as resources for participation in joint activity is an ongoing focus of research on classroom instruction. We investigated whole-class mathematics conversations in which multiple students participated in ways previous research suggests are consequential for learning. We found that in such conversations, students rarely presented the entirety of their solutions before other students engaged. Rather, incomplete explanations and written representations that emerged over time created entry points for other students to contribute in mathematically substantive ways. These aspects of student participation operated in combination with teachers' in-the-moment responses to create opportunities for, and publicly recognize, different kinds of contributions as resources for collective work. Our findings suggest that, rather than challenges to communication that must be overcome, students' vague, unfinished, and ambiguous ideas present productive contributions that can be leveraged to support collective mathematical work.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Learning through Explaining and Engaging with Others' Mathematical Ideas
- Author
-
Webb, Noreen M., Franke, Megan L., Johnson, Nicholas C., Ing, Marsha, and Zimmerman, Joy
- Abstract
Educators, researchers, and policy makers recognize that student participation in classroom mathematics conversations, especially explaining one's own thinking and engaging with others' ideas, can promote students' mathematics learning. However, precisely "how" participating in these ways supports learning has not often been examined in detail. Using in-depth analyses of videotaped whole-class discussions, small-group collaborative work, and private partner conversations in two third-grade mathematics classrooms on six occasions over a five-month period, we show advances that students made in their mathematical thinking or mathematical work in the context of explaining their thinking and/or engaging with others' ideas. The detailed analyses focus on students who had previously scored low on standardized tests of mathematics proficiency. The results show how students not considered to have extensive mathematics knowledge can forge new connections between mathematical ideas and representations, and extend their problem-solving strategies in ways that are directly related to their participation.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Making Competence Explicit: Helping Students Take up Opportunities to Engage in Math Together
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas C., Franke, Megan L., and Turrou, Angela Chan
- Abstract
Background: Current efforts to promote reasoning, problem solving, and discussion are often framed as advancing equity, but scholarship suggests individual students' opportunities to learn can vary considerably in classrooms that attempt to take up these approaches to teaching mathematics. Noticing students' mathematical strengths and positioning their contributions as competent is among aspects of instruction associated with more equitable learning outcomes for students from marginalized groups, but research has yet to comprehensively examine the range and nuance of this aspect of teachers' practice in classrooms that feature broad distributions of participation. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' instructional practice with respect to assigning competence in two mathematics classrooms that demonstrated high levels of student participation. We investigated the kinds of situations in which teachers positioned students as competent, and the ways assigning competence opened opportunities to participate. Setting: Data were collected at a public elementary school in a culturally, linguistically, and economically diverse neighborhood in southern California. Participants: Participants included two teachers and 45 students from two third-grade classrooms. Teachers had participated in ongoing professional development focused on leveraging children's mathematical thinking in instruction. Research Design: We drew from qualitative methods for analyzing video to investigate classroom interactions from 12 mathematics lessons. Data sources included video recordings, transcripts, and student work. We used Studiocode software to parse each lesson into phases and episodes. Drawing from previous studies, we identified a subset of episodes in which teachers explicitly positioned a student's contribution as competent. An iterative process of coding and discussion was used to analyze patterns with respect to student participation, teacher support, and the unfolding of rights and obligations related to participating in mathematical activity. Findings: Analyses revealed different kinds of situations in which students participated in mathematically substantive ways (in terms of providing detailed explanations of their ideas or engaging with the details of a peer's idea) and teachers positioned their contributions as competent. These situations included highlighting, clarifying, and amplifying contributions; supporting the specificity of student contributions; recognizing emergent ideas; and validating unprompted attention to mathematical details. Assignments of competence emerged in ways that were integrated into teachers' ongoing efforts to surface and make explicit the details of their mathematical ideas, while also broadening the kinds of contributions students could make to joint mathematical work. Conclusions: Helping students to know what it could look and sound like to participate in the moment while recognizing a wide range of contributions as competent created openings for students who in many classrooms might be excluded or relegated to the periphery of conversations. Making competence explicit was a contingent, relational practice that required teachers to find specific ways of leveraging student strengths to support their participation. Recommendations for advancing mathematics teaching must attend to the nuances with which particular practices unfold to open or constrain individual students' opportunities to learn.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Randomized phase 2 study of ACE-083, a muscle-promoting agent, in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
- Author
-
Statland, Jeffrey, Campbell, Craig, Desai, Urvi, Karam, Chafic, Díaz-Manera, Jordi, Guptill, Jeffrey, Korngut, Lawrence, Genge, Angela, Tawil, Rabi, Elman, Lauren, Joyce, Nanette, Wagner, Kathryn, Manousakis, Georgios, Amato, Anthony, Butterfield, Russell, Shieh, Perry, Wicklund, Matthew, Gamez, Josep, Bodkin, Cynthia, Pestronk, Alan, Weihl, Conrad, Vilchez-Padilla, Juan, Johnson, Nicholas, Mathews, Katherine, Miller, Barry, Leneus, Ashley, Fowler, Marcie, van de Rijn, Marc, and Attie, Kenneth
- Subjects
FSHD ,controlled trial ,facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy ,randomized ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Cytomegalovirus Infections ,Humans ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Muscle Contraction ,Muscle ,Skeletal ,Muscular Dystrophy ,Facioscapulohumeral - Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a slowly progressive muscular dystrophy without approved therapies. In this study we evaluated whether locally acting ACE-083 could safely increase muscle volume and improve functional outcomes in adults with FSHD. METHODS: Participants were at least 18 years old and had FSHD1/FSHD2. Part 1 was open label, ascending dose, assessing safety and tolerability (primary objective). Part 2 was randomized, double-blind for 6 months, evaluating ACE-083240 mg/muscle vs placebo injected bilaterally every 3 weeks in the biceps brachii (BB) or tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, followed by 6 months of open label. Magnetic resonance imaging measures included total muscle volume (TMV; primary objective), fat fraction (FF), and contractile muscle volume (CMV). Functional measures included 6-minute walk test, 10-meter walk/run, and 4-stair climb (TA group), and performance of upper limb midlevel/elbow score (BB group). Strength, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and safety were also evaluated. RESULTS: Parts 1 and 2 enrolled 37 and 58 participants, respectively. Among 55 participants evaluable in Part 2, the least-squares mean (90% confidence interval, analysis of covariance) treatment difference for TMV was 16.4% (9.8%-23.0%) in the BB group (P
- Published
- 2022
41. Associations between persistent symptoms after mild COVID‐19 and long‐term health status, quality of life, and psychological distress
- Author
-
Han, Jin H, Womack, Kelsey N, Tenforde, Mark W, Files, D Clark, Gibbs, Kevin W, Shapiro, Nathan I, Prekker, Matthew E, Erickson, Heidi L, Steingrub, Jay S, Qadir, Nida, Khan, Akram, Hough, Catherine L, Johnson, Nicholas J, Ely, E Wesley, Rice, Todd W, Casey, Jonathan D, Lindsell, Christopher J, Gong, Michelle N, Srinivasan, Vasisht, Lewis, Nathaniel M, Patel, Manish M, Self, Wesley H, and Network, for the Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill
- Subjects
Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,COVID-19 ,Health Status ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Psychological Distress ,Quality of Life ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ,COVID-19 outcomes ,long-COVID ,post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 ,post-COVID conditions ,Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology - Abstract
BackgroundWe sought to assess whether persistent COVID-19 symptoms beyond 6 months (Long-COVID) among patients with mild COVID-19 is associated with poorer health status, quality of life, and psychological distress.MethodsThis was a multicenter prospective cohort study that included adult outpatients with acute COVID-19 from eight sites during 2-week sampling periods from April 1 and July 28, 2020. Participants were contacted 6-11 months after their first positive SARS-CoV-2 to complete a survey, which collected information on the severity of eight COVID-19 symptoms using a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (not present) to 3 (severe) at 1 month before COVID-19 (pre-illness) and at follow-up; the difference for each was calculated as an attributable persistent symptom severity score. A total attributable persistent COVID-19 symptom burden score was calculated by summing the attributable persistent severity scores for all eight symptoms. Outcomes measured at long-term follow-up comprised overall health status (EuroQol visual analogue scale), quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), and psychological distress (Patient Health Questionnaire-4). The association between the total attributable persistent COVID-19 burden score and each outcome was analyzed using multivariable proportional odds regression.ResultsOf the 2092 outpatients with COVID-19, 436 (21%) responded to the survey. The median (IQR) attributable persistent COVID-19 symptom burden score was 2 (0, 4); higher scores were associated with lower overall health status (aOR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.57-0.69), lower quality of life (aOR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.59-0.72), and higher psychological distress (aOR: 1.40; 95%CI, 1.28-1.54) after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, education, and income.ConclusionsIn participants with mild acute COVID-19, the burden of persistent symptoms was significantly associated with poorer long-term health status, poorer quality of life, and psychological distress.
- Published
- 2022
42. Randomized Phase 2 Study of ACE-083 in Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
- Author
-
Thomas, Florian P, Brannagan, Thomas H, Butterfield, Russell J, Desai, Urvi, Habib, Ali A, Herrmann, David N, Eichinger, Katy J, Johnson, Nicholas E, Karam, Chafic, Pestronk, Alan, Quinn, Colin, Shy, Michael E, Statland, Jeffrey M, Subramony, Sub H, Walk, David, Stevens-Favorite, Katherine, Miller, Barry, Leneus, Ashley, Fowler, Marcie, van de Rijn, Marc, and Attie, Kenneth M
- Subjects
Rare Diseases ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Research ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Clinical Sciences ,Cognitive Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery - Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine whether locally acting ACE-083 is safe, well tolerated, and increases muscle volume, motor function, and quality of life (QoL) in adults with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 1.MethodsThis phase 2 study enrolled adults with CMT1 or CMTX (N=63). Part 1 was open-label and evaluated safety and tolerability of different dose levels of ACE-083 for use in Part 2. Part 2 was a randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month study of 240 mg/muscle ACE-083 injected bilaterally in the tibialis anterior muscle, followed by a 6-month, open-label extension in which all patients received ACE-083. Pharmacodynamic endpoints included total muscle volume (TMV; primary endpoint), contractile muscle volume (CMV), and fat fraction. Additional secondary endpoints included 6-minute walk test, 10-meter walk/run, muscle strength, and QoL. Safety was assessed with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and clinical laboratory tests.ResultsIn Part 1 (n=18), ACE-083 was generally safe and well tolerated at all dose levels, with no serious AEs, TEAEs ≥Grade 3, or death reported. In Part 2 (n=45 enrolled, n=44 treated), there was significantly greater change in TMV with ACE-083 compared with placebo (LS mean difference: 13.5%; p = 0.0096). There was significant difference between ACE-083 and placebo for CMV and change in ankle dorsiflexion strength. Fat fraction and all other functional outcomes were not significantly improved by ACE-083. Moderate-to-mild injection-site reactions were the most common TEAEs.ConclusionsDespite significantly increased TMV and CMV, patients with CMT receiving ACE-083 in tibialis anterior muscles did not demonstrate greater functional improvement compared with those receiving placebo.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that intramuscular ACE-083 is safe, well tolerated, and increases total muscle volume after 6 months of treatment in adults with CMT1 or CMTX.
- Published
- 2022
43. The Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Health Index (LGMD-HI)
- Author
-
Stouffer, Joy A., Bates, Kameron, Thacker, Leroy R., Heatwole, Chad, and Johnson, Nicholas E.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Genomic epidemiology of West Nile virus in Europe
- Author
-
Koch, R. Tobias, Erazo, Diana, Folly, Arran J., Johnson, Nicholas, Dellicour, Simon, Grubaugh, Nathan D., and Vogels, Chantal B.F.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Safety and efficacy of losmapimod in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (ReDUX4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial
- Author
-
Tawil, Rabi, Wagner, Kathryn R, Hamel, Johanna I, Leung, Doris G, Statland, Jeffrey M, Wang, Leo H, Genge, Angela, Sacconi, Sabrina, Lochmüller, Hanns, Reyes-Leiva, David, Diaz-Manera, Jordi, Alonso-Perez, Jorge, Muelas, Nuria, Vilchez, Juan J, Pestronk, Alan, Gibson, Summer, Goyal, Namita A, Hayward, Lawrence J, Johnson, Nicholas, LoRusso, Samantha, Freimer, Miriam, Shieh, Perry B, Subramony, S H, van Engelen, Baziel, Kools, Joost, Leinhard, Olof Dahlqvist, Widholm, Per, Morabito, Christopher, Moxham, Christopher M, Cadavid, Diego, Mellion, Michelle L, Odueyungbo, Adefowope, Tracewell, William G, Accorsi, Anthony, Ronco, Lucienne, Gould, Robert J, Shoskes, Jennifer, Rojas, Luis Alejandro, and Jiang, John G
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Sequential Stochastic Network Structure Optimization with Applications to Addressing Canada's Obesity Epidemic
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas A. G.
- Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks - Abstract
In this work, we introduce a novel mathematical network model for community level preventative health interventions. We develop algorithms to approximately solve this novel formulation at large scale and we rigorously explore their theoretical properties. We create a realistic simulation environment for interventions designed to curb the prevalence of obesity occurring in the region of Montreal, Canada, and use this environment to empirically evaluate the performance of the algorithms we develop. We find that our algorithms significantly outperform all baseline interventions. Moreover, for fixed computational resources, our algorithms address problems of significantly greater size than the best existing alternative algorithm.
- Published
- 2021
47. Sparse Plus Low Rank Matrix Decomposition: A Discrete Optimization Approach
- Author
-
Bertsimas, Dimitris, Cory-Wright, Ryan, and Johnson, Nicholas A. G.
- Subjects
Statistics - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
We study the Sparse Plus Low-Rank decomposition problem (SLR), which is the problem of decomposing a corrupted data matrix into a sparse matrix of perturbations plus a low-rank matrix containing the ground truth. SLR is a fundamental problem in Operations Research and Machine Learning which arises in various applications, including data compression, latent semantic indexing, collaborative filtering, and medical imaging. We introduce a novel formulation for SLR that directly models its underlying discreteness. For this formulation, we develop an alternating minimization heuristic that computes high-quality solutions and a novel semidefinite relaxation that provides meaningful bounds for the solutions returned by our heuristic. We also develop a custom branch-and-bound algorithm that leverages our heuristic and convex relaxations to solve small instances of SLR to certifiable (near) optimality. Given an input $n$-by-$n$ matrix, our heuristic scales to solve instances where $n=10000$ in minutes, our relaxation scales to instances where $n=200$ in hours, and our branch-and-bound algorithm scales to instances where $n=25$ in minutes. Our numerical results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches in terms of rank, sparsity, and mean-square error while maintaining a comparable runtime.
- Published
- 2021
48. An investigation into the design management & design practice for packaging design & development in the UK FMCG industry
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas
- Subjects
Packaging Design & Development ,Design Practice & Management ,FMCG ,Design Management ,FMCG packaging - Abstract
Packaging design plays a critical role within the highly competitive, saturated, and homogenous markets of the UK Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry. Existing literature clearly demonstrates the impact packaging design can have on consumer response and decision-making processes and the 'power' it has in shaping consumer perception and behaviours. Whilst existing literature covers this extensively, little has explored the real-world 'realities' of packaging design and development (PD&D) within the field of the FMCG industry; and, the industry-facing influences and factors that can affect packaging design practitioners when engaging in conceptual packaging design activities. Prior research has looked to incorporate the perspective of packaging design management for the FMCG industry, but it has failed to provide meaningful insights into PD&D practice and process, specifically through the lens of the packaging design practitioner. The purpose of this research is to address this underserved area of research and provide more insight relevant to the design practitioner within PD&D for the UK FMCG industry. The research offers a comprehensive literature review covering a range of areas including: 1) Role & significance of packaging design for FMCGs, 2) Packaging design & development within an industry context, and 3) Role of the design practitioner to set a foundation of understanding. Following this, three exploratory qualitative research studies are presented with direct engagement with relevant industry professionals involved with the PD&D process for the UK FMCG industry. A particular focus has been given to engagement with packaging design practitioners. The research identifies and discusses a range of design considerations, influences and factors that appear to affect design practitioners when undertaking conceptual packaging design practice activities within an industry context. This includes (but is not limited to) factors such as time compression of design activities, ineffective design brief management, siloed phases of the design process, and limited client-design communication channels, all of which pose a significant effect on a design practitioner's ability to perform effectively. Furthermore, this research discovers emerging evidence of the tensions between design practitioners within design agencies and packaging manufacturer remits impacting the process. These tensions are in part due to a lack of understanding of design practice and process by other professions. These studies look to contribute to the existing literature by offering novel insight into packaging design practice and its management within the UK FMCG industry through direct involvement with industry professionals and their lived contexts. This hopes to build on the limited existing knowledge through the adopted through the lens of the design practitioner. Methods leveraged offer repeatable opportunities to cross-compare findings, and offer the opportunity for more longitudinal studies in the future. Findings suggest that wider stakeholders involved with authority in the PD&D process within the UK FMCG industry should re-examine existing procedures, practice, and process taking into consideration findings from this research in order to potentially improve PD&D within its industry context. Future research directions have been suggested in order to build upon these moving forwards including assessing best practice for packaging design briefs construction and undertaking longitudinal case studies to cross-compare with findings from this research.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A scalable helium gas cooling system for trapped-ion applications
- Author
-
Lebrun-Gallagher, Foni R., Johnson, Nicholas, Akhtar, Mariam, Weidt, Sebastian, Bretaud, David, Hile, Samuel J., Owens, Alexander, and Hensinger, Winfried K.
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
Microfabricated ion-trap devices offer a promising pathway towards scalable quantum computing. Research efforts have begun to focus on the engineering challenges associated with developing large-scale ion-trap arrays and networks. However, increasing the size of the array and integrating on-chip electronics can drastically increase the power dissipation within the ion-trap chips. This leads to an increase in the operating temperature of the ion-trap and limits the device performance. Therefore, effective thermal management is an essential consideration for any large-scale architecture. Presented here is the development of a modular cooling system designed for use with multiple ion-trapping experiments simultaneously. The system includes an extensible cryostat that permits scaling of the cooling power to meet the demands of a large network. Following experimental testing on two independent ion-trap experiments, the cooling system is expected to deliver a net cooling power of 111 W at ~70 K to up to four experiments. The cooling system is a step towards meeting the practical challenges of operating large-scale quantum computers with many qubits.
- Published
- 2021
50. Investigating the potential of single-cell DNA methylation data to detect allele-specific methylation and imprinting
- Author
-
Johnson, Nicholas D., Cutler, David J., and Conneely, Karen N.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.