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Transvaginal ultrasound can detect endometrial thickening, but may not be useful in screening women on hormone replacement therapy for serious disease. Hormone replacement can cause thickening of the uterine lining, particularly with high-dose estrogen. Researchers reviewed endometrial biopsies and ultrasound results from 577 examinations in 448 women taking hormone replacement or placebo. Ultrasound was poor at detecting cancer and precancerous changes in the endometrium. Ultrasound cannot differentiate serious disease from simple thickening.

Children's understanding of the prevention, causes and treatment of AIDS follows the same path of development as their understanding of illnesses in general. An a study, 361 children in grades kindergarten through sixth were administered a new interview protocol called AIDS Survey for Kids (ASK). ASK measured the sophistication of knowledge about AIDS, colds and cancer while assessing socioeconomic factors. Grade level was the strongest correlate for sophistication in knowledge. Children's understanding of disease causes was less sophisticated for AIDS than for colds, but their level of conceptual sophistication for the causes of AIDS did not differ much from that of cancer. Socioeconomic variables such as gender, race or economic status did not influence results., Objectives. The developmental process by which young children acquire an understanding of the concepts of causality, treatment, and prevention of illness as related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is poorly understood. Previous studies have focused on adolescent populations and have measured the facts that children seem to know rather than their understanding of relevant concepts. Such approaches are likely to overestimate the child&apos;s true level of understanding and obscure significant misconceptions. The aims of this project are to measure directly the level of understanding of the concepts of causality, treatment, and prevention of AIDS in healthy, elementary school children and to assess the sociodemographic variables associated with their conceptual understanding. Methods. Using a new, developmentally based, semistructured interview protocol (ASK, AIDS Survey for Kids), 361 children (57% black, 24% Hispanic, 19% white) in kindergarten through sixth grade at four public schools in New Haven, CT were interviewed. Responses to questions about causality, treatment, and prevention were scored for each of three illnesses (AIDS, and for comparison, colds and cancer) based on the level of conceptual sophistication of the response, irrespective of its factual accuracy. Results. Scores for each of the concepts were highly intercorrelated and were correlated most strongly with grade level (R = .31 to .50, P < .0001 for each of these correlations, with the exception of the treatment of AIDS). Gender, race, and socioeconomic status did not contribute significantly to the variance observed for any of the concept scores in a linear regression model. Overall, children&apos;s level of understanding of causality was significantly less sophisticated for AIDS than for colds (P < .0001); their level of conceptual understanding for the causality of AIDS was not significantly different from that of cancer (P = .9). Conclusions. Children&apos;s understanding of causality, treatment, and prevention of AIDS, as measured by the ASK, follows the same developmental sequence reported for children&apos;s understanding of general physical illness. Sociodemographic variables, such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status do not affect children&apos;s level of sophistication of these developmental concepts. These results have implications for the creation of developmentally appropriate and effective AIDS education curricula for primary and elementary grades. They also offer guidance to health care providers in their efforts to educate parents and young children about this important topic.

A pediatric nurse practitioner and an occupational therapist were impressed by the number and severity of treadmill-related hand burns encountered in their outpatient burn clinic. They observed that treadmill burns appeared to be deeper compared with other contact hand burns. Literature review revealed that research was inadequate in this area. A retrospective chart review was conducted, and a total of 384 patients were found to receive treatments at a regional level 1 pediatric burn center for treadmill and contact hand burns from 2010 to 2014. Age distribution, severity, and negative outcomes were compared between treadmill hand burns and contact hand burns. Recommendations for primary caregivers to prevent treadmill hand burns were given. Treadmill burns were the second most common hand injury mechanism after stovetop burns. Both hot surface contact burns and treadmill burns were more frequently seen in patients 0 to 4 years of age. Treadmill hand burns were more severe than contact hand burns in depth of injury (24.5 vs 1.4% full thickness), need for operative intervention (6.4 vs 0.0%), mean number of burn appointments (4.9 vs 1.9), median time to skin closure (25.2 days vs 11.0 days), and median length of care (51.0 days vs 11.0 days). Treadmill hand burns were frequently seen, and they were more severe and required an increased level and duration of care in comparison with other contact hand burns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]