Search

As cooperativas agropecuárias facilitam a relação dos agricultores familiares com os mercados, possibilitam o acesso à informação e tecnologia, constroem estrutura física para o processamento de alimentos, fornecem assistência técnica e apoio logístico. Por isso, estas organizações colaboram com o progresso econômico, com a redução da pobreza e garantia de segurança alimentar. Por sua vez, as premissas das políticas de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) possuem similaridades com as cooperativas de agricultores familiares nas áreas de produção alimentar, ações de preservação ambiental, respeito à diversidade cultural, promoção da inclusão social e geração de renda. Assim, as cooperativas facilitam a participação de agricultores familiares no Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) e no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Nesse contexto, o trabalho caracterizou cooperativas agropecuárias que fornecem alimentos para o PAA e o PNAE, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Também foi explanado os desafios enfrentados para participar dos referidos programas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva com 43 cooperativas que responderam a um questionário semiestruturado. A produção de alimentos é diversificada e para 25 cooperativas o PAA e o PNAE são os principais canais de venda da produção. As cooperativas precisam ampliar seus mercados para que não haja dependência total, pois, apesar da importância desses programas na manutenção das referidas organizações, eles podem não ser permanentes. Agricultural cooperatives facilitate the relationship between family farmers and markets, enable access to information and technology, build a physical structure for food processing, provide technical assistance and logistical support. For this reason, these organizations collaborate with economic progress, reducing poverty and ensure food security. In turn, the premises of the Food and Nutrition Security policies have similarities with family farmers cooperatives in the areas of food production, environmental preservation actions, respect for cultural diversity, promotion of social inclusion and income generation. Thus, cooperatives facilitate the participation of family farmers in the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and in the National School Feeding Program (PNAE). In this context, the work characterized agricultural cooperatives that provide food for PAA and PNAE, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The challenges faced in participating in these programs were also explained. For this purpose, a descriptive research was done with 43 cooperatives that answered a semi-structured questionnaire. Food production is diversified and for 25 cooperatives, PAA and PNAE are the main sales channels for production. Cooperatives need to expand their markets to that there is no total dependence, because, despite the importance of these programs in maintaining these organizations, they may not be permanent.

A Nova Economia Institucional e a Ecologia Organizacional são teorias que podem ajudar no entendimento da heterogeneidade agrícola brasileira. Esta diversidade é marcada por fortes desigualdades sociais e econômicas, causadas por desequilíbrios regionais, concentração produtiva em poucas atividades e fatores de produção. A Nova Economia Institucional contempla as estruturas de governança e o ambiente institucional, possibilitando o estudo das relações no meio rural. Já a Ecologia Organizacional pode explicar a existência da heterogeneidade das organizações agrícolas, destacando a sua adaptação a essa diversidade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as duas teorias expostas e as suas respectivas aplicações no estudo da heterogeneidade agrícola, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados demonstram que a Nova Economia Institucional relata a heterogeneidade agrícola com mais clareza do que a Ecologia Organizacional. The New Institutional Economy and Organizational Ecology are theories that can help in the understanding of Brazilian agricultural heterogeneity. This diversity is marked by strong social and economic inequalities, because of regional imbalances and concentration of production in few activities and factors of production. The New Institutional Economy contemplates the structures of governance and the institutional environment, making possible the study of the relations in the rural environment. Organizational Ecology, on the other hand, can explain the heterogeneity of agricultural organizations and highlights their adaptation to this diversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to compare the two theories and their respective applications in the study of agricultural heterogeneity, through bibliographic research. The results show that the New Institutional Economics more clearly reports agricultural heterogeneity than Organizational Ecology.

A agricultura urbana integra o sistema econômico, ecológico e social. Além de proporcionar segurança alimentar, este estilo de agricultura pode ser entendido como um projeto social. Desse modo modifica a paisagem urbana, proporcionando educação ecológica, inclusão social e práticas de economia solidária. Em vista disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever um projeto social de agricultura urbana em uma comunidade localizada no município de Canoas, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para tanto, o estudo foi caracterizado como descritivo. A pesquisa iniciou com um levantamento bibliográfico sobre agricultura urbana e projeto social. A última etapa foi uma entrevista semiestruturada com a coordenadora de projetos da comunidade. Os resultados mostraram que a agricultura urbana possui, além da dimensão da produção de alimentos, a dimensão social, econômica, ecológica e simbólica. Concluiu-se neste trabalho que, vários projetos desenvolveram-se em torno do cultivo urbano de alimentos cujos principais impactos são: promoção da segurança alimentar, geração de emprego e renda, gestão ambiental, integração social e desenvolvimento de capital humano natural. Urban agriculture integrates the economic, ecological and social system. In addition to providing food security, this style of agriculture can be understood as a social project. In this way, it modifies the urban landscape, providing ecological education, social inclusion and solidarity economy practices. In view of this, the objective of the present work was to describe a social project of urban agriculture in a community located in the municipality of Canoas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For this, the study was characterized as descriptive. The research began with a bibliographical survey on urban agriculture and social project. The last step was a semi-structured interview with the community project coordinator. The results showed that urban agriculture has, besides of the dimension of food production, the social, economic, ecological and symbolic dimension. It was concluded that several projects have developed around urban food cultivation whose main impacts are: promotion of food security, generation of employment and income, environmental management, social integration and development of natural human capital.

The use of sustainable agricultural practices promotes natural resources conservation. Specifically, organic foods production stands out among these actions. In this context, the theoretical framework used addressed the agroecological foods production, cooperation on organic agriculture and the perception of quality in organic foods production. Thus, the overall goal was to identify quality parameters adopted by farmers at an Ecological Fair in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. This is an applied type research and classified as exploratory with quantitative and qualitative approaches for data processing. The results showed that, for most farmers, a vegetable quality is linked only to organic production. To ensure quality, we emphasize that care must be taken throughout in production chain main links.

The Serrano Handmade Cheese (SHC) is a product manufactured on high altitude fields in southernmost Brazil. This region is formed by northeastern Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina Southern Plateau. Originally, this was a overplus good exchanged for another goods by drovers of this region. Currently, the SHC may be responsible for up to 60% of properties income. The SHC is produced with raw milk from cattle ranching within the property. Thus, was performed a descriptive study of literature review aiming to describe the production process of Serrano Handmade Cheese. A look on product quality and food safety theoretical contribuiton was sought also. Considering the technical regulation development to SHC some properties has build appropriate production environments. Those actions are aiming quality and safety of the cheese made. The implementation of Good Agricultural Practice has shown significant quality improvement of the milk used to produce this cheese. The implementation of Good Manufacturing Practice is under study in these producing properties.

Agri-food products diversity and contemporary problems of food safety are leading to an uncertainty about the quality of products along the production chain. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify main factors in decision making of certified products consumers. To this effect, was performed a non-probabilistic sampling survey by sending an online questionnaire answered by 220 people. Among the factors that determine certified products consumption are monthly income, educational level and number of people in the family. The high price is considered as one of the barriers to certified products consumption. It was found that there are consumers who do not know what certification is. This fact constitutes an obstacle on certified products buying decision. Studies show an increase in importance when consumers attach to certification after educational campaigns. In this sense, it is necessary to develop information and awareness campaigns of the characteristics of certified products.

Entender os cenários econômicos permite avaliar melhor as decisões estratégicas tomadas pelas empresas em uma economia de mercado. Um destes cenários chama-se oligopólio, opera com poucas empresas e gera barreiras à entrada de outras. O presente artigo analisa a inserção da empresa de aviação comercial Azul Linhas Aéreas no Brasil. Mormente, em um segmento de mercado oligopolista, que se caracteriza como um duopólio, dominado por duas empresas. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi identificar a natureza da estratégia empresarial que superou barreiras existentes no duopólio. De modo específico avaliou a dinâmica de operação da empresa no mercado, analisou a tomada de decisão gerencial e verificou suas perspectivas de desenvolvimento e permanência no mercado. A pesquisa realizada foi do tipo descritiva. Ela associou os processos de estudo documental e histórico e usou técnicas de análise qualitativa em dados primários e secundários. Constatou-se que uma barreira de entrada para a Azul Linhas Aéreas no Brasil é a própria complexidade da decisão de ingresso, porque ela afeta a dinâmica da economia ao exigir grandes investimentos, cujo retorno é sempre no longo prazo. Pode-se afirmar que a estratégia empresarial conduzida pelo empreendedor da Azul, desenhou no mercado brasileiro um novo cenário econômico. O duopólio deu lugar a um oligopólio, devido aos novos patamares de desempenho das empresas, agora, alavancados pela concorrência. Understand the economic scenarios better assess the strategic decisions taken by companies in a market economy. One of these scenarios is called oligopoly where firms operate with few barriers to entry and generates other. This article analyzes the entry of the commercial aviation company Azul Airlines in Brazil. Especially in an oligopolistic market segment which is characterized as a duopoly. The main objective of the research was to identify the nature of the business strategy that overcame barriers in duopoly. Specifically was evaluated the dynamic operation of the enterprise market, analyzed the managerial decision making and verified their development prospects and stay in the market. The research was descriptive. It associated processes of historical and documentary study using qualitative analysis techniques in primary and secondary data. An entry barrier to Azul Linhas Aéreas in Brazil is the very complexity of the decision to join, because it affects the dynamics of the economy by requiring large investments whose return is always in the long run. It can be argued that business strategy undertaken by the Azul´s entrepreneur designed in the Brazilian market a new economic scenario. The duopoly has led to an oligopoly what ended up reflecting in new heights of business performance now leveraged by competition.