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This article investigates the joint influence of a startup supplier's market-growth capability and its capacity-shortage threat on the attractiveness of partial sourcing (PS) over complete sourcing (CS) to that supplier. We develop an analytical model that accounts for this shortage threat and a positive relationship between the startup supplier's order quantity and its buyers’ product demand, while considering two forms—bounded versus unbounded order-induced effect—of this market-growth capability. We derive optimal order quantities under each sourcing structure, show how a revenue-sharing agreement coordinates the supply chain, and identify conditions under which the startup supplier should favor PS over CS. We find that PS delivers greater value to the startup supplier relative to CS if the order-induced effect is unbounded and capacity-shortage likelihood is high. Furthermore, when employing PS, the value to the startup supplier from a capacity-shortage threat appears to be greater when the supply chain is uncoordinated than when it is coordinated.

The rapid development of economic globalization and the promotion of emerging technologies have spawned a Service-oriented logic that gradually dominates the contemporary industry, and the path for manufacturing companies to improve performance has become more and more complicated. Based on this background, the article uses the data of A-share listed companies in the manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta in 2019, and uses the research method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to empirically study the core path and mechanism of multiple complex factors that affect corporate performance. The research results show that manufacturing companies can choose four paths to improve corporate performance (supply chain integration-driven based on internal control, servicing and market dual logic based on internal control-based integration-driven, relying on exploration and innovation-based integration-driven, Relying on the integration-driven type of dual innovation and balance), and found that the core role of supply chain integration and servicing level has become more prominent, becoming a key factor leading to high corporate performance. This research is helpful to identify the influence mechanism of supply chain integration, service level and other factors on corporate performance, and grasp the core of configuration, which has certain reference significance for corporate managers.

Although Mexican-origin adolescents experience multiple contextual stressors (e.g., discrimination, economic stress, and foreigner stress) that may result in increased marijuana use, they actively engage in cultural practices (e.g., language brokering) that may protect them from adverse developmental outcomes. Yet, the joint influence of contextual stressors and language brokering on marijuana use has rarely been studied from a developmental perspective. Using a sample of 604 Mexican-origin adolescent brokers (54% female, M(age.Wave1)=12.41), we examined how stability and change of language brokering–contextual stress (i.e., broker–stress) profiles across three waves are related to adolescent marijuana use. We hypothesized that adolescents with positive brokering experiences and lower contextual stress across three waves (i.e., those in the Stable Protective profile) would be the least likely to use marijuana. For brokering for mothers, the Stable Protective and the Change to Protective groups were less likely than other groups to use marijuana. For brokering for fathers, the Stable Protective group was the least likely to use marijuana and the Change to Protective group was less likely than the Risk at Any Wave group to use marijuana. Interventions could foster brokering-related positive feelings across the course of adolescence to reduce marijuana use among Mexican-origin adolescents.

Актуальность исследования и наличие пробелов в существующем знании на тему: Ферментно-модифицированный сыр (ФМС) широко применяют в молочной промышленности для производства ускоренно созревающего сыра, аналогов сыра и сырных продуктов, снековой продукции и др. При получении ФМС важно получить аромат соответствующего сыра. Аромат ФМС образуется целой группой веществ, включающих альдегиды, кетоны, летучие жирные кислоты, аминокислоты, лактаты и проч. На образование этих вкусоароматических компонентов влияют условия и глубина процесса ферментации. В данной работе проведена математическая оптимизация технологии получения ферментно-модифицированного сыра со сливочным ароматом. Планирование и анализ результатов эксперимента осуществляли с помощью системы статистического анализа – Statistica 10.0. В качестве плана эксперимента выбран трехуровневый полный факторный эксперимент, позволяющий оценить совместное влияние нескольких факторов при минимальном числе опытов. В качестве факторов, способных повлиять на качество сырного ароматизатора, выбраны дозировка ферментного препарата (0,2-1,0%), рН (4,5-6,5), температура (28-48 ºС) и продолжительность процесса ферментации (24-72 ч). Откликом служила органолептическая оценка получаемых в ходе эксперимента проб сырного ароматизатора, выраженная в баллах. Результаты и их обсуждение: В результате обработки экспериментальных данных получена математическая зависимость интенсивности запаха сырного ароматизатора (Y) от температуры (X1), рН среды (X2), продолжительности ферментации (X3) и дозировки фермента (X4). Получены графические интерпретации зависимости органолептической оценки от условий ферментации, профили предсказанных значений и функция желательности. С достаточной долей уверенности можно утверждать, что наиболее оптимальными параметрами процесса ферментации, позволяющими получить сырный ароматизатор наилучшего качества, являются следующие значения: температура ферментации – 48°С, рН – на уровне 4,5, продолжительность ферментации – 48 часов, дозировка фермента – 1 %.

The autumn Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the South China Sea (SCS) is typically held south of 10°N by prevailing northeasterly and weakening southwesterly winds. However, the ITCZ can move north, resulting in heavy rainfall in the northern SCS (NSCS). We investigate the mechanisms that drove the northward movement of the ITCZ and led to heavy non-tropical-cyclone rainfall over the NSCS in autumn of 2010. The results show that the rapid northward movement of the ITCZ on 1 and 2 October was caused by the joint influence of the equatorial easterlies (EE), southwesterly winds, and the easterly jet (EJ) in the NSCS. A high pressure center on the east side of Australia, strengthened by the quasi-biweekly oscillation and strong Walker circulation, was responsible for the EE to intensify and reach the SCS. The EE finally turned southeast and together with enhanced southwesterly winds associated with an anticyclone, pushed the ITCZ north. Meanwhile, the continental high moved east, which reduced the area of the EJ in the NSCS and made room for the ITCZ. Further regression analysis showed that the reduced area of the EJ and increased strength of the EE contributed significantly to the northward movement of the ITCZ. The enhancement of the EE preceded the northward movement of the ITCZ by six hours and pushed the ITCZ continually north. As the ITCZ approached 12°N, it not only transported warm moist air but also strengthened the dynamic field by transporting the positive vorticity horizontally and vertically which further contributed to the heavy rainfall.

Impulsivity as measure by delay discounting and entrapment have been known to influence gambling, but their individual and joint influence on problem gambling among Soccer gamblers are not yet understood. We examine the direct and moderation influences of entrapment and delay discounting on problem gambling among 174 Soccer gamblers in Nigeria. Data were obtained by means of self-report questionnaires of entrapment, delay discounting and problem gambling. Results from Hayes PROCESS moderated regression showed that delay discounting moderated the association between entrapment and problem gambling such that the association between entrapment and problem gambling was strong when delay discounting was high and diminished when delay discounting was low. Our findings provide insight into the conditional effect of delay discounting on the entrapment-problem gambling association.

The subject of the research is spatially non-uniform innovative activity, carried out at the regional level (meso level) within the macroregion of the South of the USA, analyzed and assessed on the basis of the qualitative measures (indicators and integrated index) of the level of innovative capacity and innovative activity of the regional innovative systems which gained development and statistical accounting of the results of the stated activity within specific states. The identified combinations, high correlation dependence and interconnection of indicators of innovative potential and innovative activity of regional innovation systems of the states of the South of the USA, made it possible to substantiate a number of trends in the development of these systems, to assess the peculiarities of spatial integration and, at the same time, the different-level differentiation of these systems, reflecting heterogeneity and unevenness. development of innovation activity on the «center-peripheral» type. The final typology of regional innovation systems of the states of the South of the USA, based on the logarithmically normal distribution of the indices of innovation activity and the integral indicator of the level of innovative potential of the average values for the period 2015–2019, results in a qualitative spatial diversity of these systems, determined by the joint influence of both economic phenomena on the deepening heterogeneity and differentiation of the latter.

Long-lived (≥6 days) heatwaves (HWs) have strong social impacts with serious health implications. Using homogenized historical daily temperatures from China and ECMWF reanalysis data, this study investigates its frequency between 1979 and 2018 and driving mechanisms. It is found that the occurrence of HWs is strongly associated with the joint actions of the South Asian high and the western North Pacific subtropical high, which can be described by a synergy index measured by the boundary distance between the two subtropical high-pressure systems. When the synergy index is positive, there are more long-lived HWs occurrence in the east of the Tibetan Plateau, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southern region in China, and vice versa. A Mann-Kendall test shows a significant interdecadal shift around 2004/2005 towards increased occurrence that is consistent with enhanced subtropical high systems. This study shows the important roles of large-scale dynamic systems in regional climate extremes and their future changes.

Authorities regulate online transactions to protect consumers from unintended negative consequences. Regulatory cues (e.g. certifications) enable consumers to identify formally approved online gamb...

The research sample was 50 respondents who were taken from the owner of the angkringan stalls. The results of the study resulted in a conclusion that there was a significant effect on product quality on business performance, there was a significant effect of price fixing on business performance, there was a significant influence on location on business performance and there was a joint influence on product quality, pricing and business location on micro-business performance. small and medium enterprises in Tangerang City. The location of the business has an influence on business performance, therefore it is recommended that the owner of an angkringan business in determining the location of the business can pay attention to environmental factors around the business location such as the condition of the community around the business location, the comfort and safety of the business place, and easy access to buyers. The results showed that there are still other factors that can affect the performance of the angkringan stalls besides product quality, pricing and business locations, therefore it is recommended that the owners of the angkringan stalls conduct a survey directly to buyers regarding the assessment of consumer satisfaction with product quality, product prices and business location based on buyers' perceptions so that owners of angkringan stalls can make strategies to improve their business according to the characteristics of buyers who are their target market.

The challenge of education in Indonesia with the entry of the era of society 5.0 requires efforts to improve student learning outcomes, especially engineering education students. This paper focuses on looking at the influence of vocational interest on learning outcomes, perceptions of the world of work based on society 5.0 on learning outcomes, and vocational interests and perceptions of the world of work together on learning outcomes. The results of the study found that (1) there was a significant influence between vocational interest on student learning outcomes by 10.3%, (2) there was a significant influence between perceptions of the world of work based on society 5.0 on student learning outcomes by 11.3% and (3) there is a joint influence of vocational interest and perceptions of the world of work based on society 5.0 on student learning outcomes by 16%. Thus, it can be concluded that vocational interest and perceptions about the world of work based on society 5.0 are two factors that contribute to student learning outcomes. This means that the higher the vocational interest and perception of the world of work based on society 5.0, the student learning outcomes will tend to be higher.

The present research investigates how the cultural value of collectivism interacts with socioeconomic status (SES) to influence the basis of action. Using a U.S. national sample ( N = 2,538), the research examines how these sociocultural factors jointly moderate the strength of two precursors of environmental support: beliefs about climate change and perceived descriptive norms. SES and collectivism interacted with climate change beliefs such that beliefs predicted environmental support (i.e., proenvironmental behaviors and policy support) more strongly for those who were high in SES and low in collectivism than for all other groups. This interaction was explained, in part, by sense of control. For descriptive norms, SES and collectivism did not interact but rather norms predicted action most strongly for those high in collectivism and high in SES. These findings demonstrate the theoretical and applied importance of examining multiple sociocultural characteristics together to understand the factors that drive action.

The article presents the results of a study of the combined effect of plaster coatings and facade paints on the humidity regime in the walls made of aerated concrete brands D400 and D600. The influence of the characteristics of paints and plaster coatings on the temperature of the beginning of condensation is estimated. The position of the planes in which condensate begins to precipitate for all the structures under consideration is determined. It is found that in enclosing structures using cement-slag plaster, the temperature of the beginning of condensation is higher than the temperature of the beginning of condensation in enclosures in which cement-vermiculite plaster is used. When using VAK "Silicate" and VAK "Silicon 2" facade paints, which are distinguished by the highest vapor permeability, this difference is maximal and amounts to 2 C and 2.3 C, respectively. When using VAK "Tsokol" and VAK "Acryl 1" facade paints, this difference is minimal and amounts to 0.2 C and 0.5 C, respectively. It has been established that when using cement-slag plaster and paints VAK "Tsokol", VAK "Acryl 1", VAK "Acryl 2", VAK "Silicone 1", VAK "Silicone 2", moisture condensation occurs at the border of aerated concrete-external finish, which creates the danger of detachment of the plaster composition from aerated concrete. These structures are also characterized by rather high temperatures of the onset of condensation from -5.4 °C and above. When using VAK "Silicate" paint and cement-slag plaster, moisture condensation begins in the thickness of aerated concrete, which is more favorable for the enclosing structure. Recommendations are given on the choice of the type of paint and the type of plaster composition for walls made of aerated concrete grades D400, D600.

This paper studies the joint optimization of price and two-dimensional (2-D) warranty policy with limits of both warranty length and usage. For this purpose, in this paper, we first propose a new sales function to characterize the joint influence of price, warranty length, and usage limit on the sales rate while considering the influence of the heterogeneous customer usage rate. Then, we model the joint dynamic optimization of price and 2-D warranty policy as a nonlinear optimal control problem, and solve it via a numerical approach based on Pontryagin's maximum principle. We show that the proposed dynamic 2-D warranty policy can help achieve higher profits than the existing one-dimensional policies and static 2-D policy.

Scholars have long debated the merits of hiring contender and outsider CEOs for achieving strategic change. To further the debate, we propose that whether a contender or outsider CEO generates a greater degree of post-succession strategic change likely depends on his/her fit with the existing members of the top management team (TMT). Drawing on the person–group fit literature and the faultline-based approach, we introduce the concept of the CEO–TMT faultline to assess the CEO’s fit with the TMT. We test our research model using a sample of Chinese firms that experienced CEO succession events between 2006 and 2016. We find that the identity-based CEO–TMT faultline impedes contender and outsider successors’ generation of strategic change. Additionally, the knowledge-based CEO–TMT faultline helps contenders generate strategic change, while it hinders outsiders from doing so. Finally, the resource-based CEO–TMT faultline is beneficial for outsider successors to make strategic change.

This research was conducted to determine the effect leadership and motivation for the performance of lecturers at the faculty of Islamic religion at the University of Singaperbangsa Karawang, the object of research is all lecturers at the Faculty of Islamic Religion, Singapore University with a total of 34, the data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The results showed that the relationship between the independent variables, namely between X1 and X2, showed a correlation of 0.876, this shows that leadership and motivation at the Faculty of Islamic Religion, Singapore University have a strong relationship, meaning that leadership can encourage motivation. v Partial effect between leadership variables on performance amounting to 0.253. with the results of hypothesis testing, the level of significance is 0.012

Research shows that family and friends are influential on adolescents’ development. However, little is known about the joint influence of these two social agents on adolescents’ psychological well-being and behaviors. This article examined how Chinese adolescents’ psychological well-being, academic performance and delinquent behavior are associated with the protective and risk factors of family and friends. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1401 secondary school students (aged 11–16). Structural equation modeling showed that friends’ problem behaviors and family conflicts were linked to poor academic performance and negative psychological well-being. Perceived social support from family and friends were associated with positive psychological well-being and better academic performance. These findings highlight the importance of including both protective and risk factors when studying developmental outcomes. Individual’s delinquent behavior was positively related to friends’ problem behaviors and negatively related to perceived social support from family. This suggests that social support from family members could be an effective resource to help enhance academic performance and psychological well-being, and reduce the likelihood of delinquent behaviors among adolescents.

The paper proposes a method for considering the joint influence of external conditions and the corresponding variation in the properties of materials during aging on the thermal and moisture parameters of products. Comparative calculations of the thermal and humidity parameters of a model structure made of standard materials were performed without considering and when considering changes in the properties of materials during aging under the same operating conditions. These calculations confirmed the importance of considering changes in the properties of materials for ensuring the required performance of finished products. The proposed method is based on the principle of separating the linearized part of transfer equations under small deviations in parameters from those realized without considering aging. This novel method is accurate and time-efficient compared to that of separate sequential accounting for changes in the properties of materials during aging under operating conditions.

This study aims to see the influence of leadership and organizational culture on the performance of employees at Reza Berawi Class II Auction Officers in Bandar Lampung City. The type of research used in this study is an explanatory research model. The research method used is quantitative. This study used 20 research respondents. There are three variables in this study, namely: 2 independent variables (X1 and X2) and 1 (one) leadership relationship variable (X1) and organizational culture (X2) as independent variables and employee performance (Y) as the dependent variable.Based on the results of data processing, the hypothesis answers are found as follows; there is a leadership influence (X1) on employee performance (Y), with a level of influence (R2) of 44.6%. There is an influence of organizational culture (X2) on employee performance (Y) with a level of influence of 33.9%. There is a joint influence of leadership (X1) and organizational culture (X2) on employee performance (Y), with a level of influence of 53.3%.

Multimodality – the behavioural phenomenon of using multiple modes of transport – has been suggested to be a useful indicator of an individual’s willingness to adopt more sustainable transport alternatives. Analysing temporal patterns in multimodality provides the opportunity to understand the formation of multimodal practices. Yet the existing studies on this topic share one limitation: they fail to simultaneously incorporate into their analysis the three interconnected temporal dimensions: age, period, and (birth) cohort. Given that age, period, and cohort are mathematically intertwined, the omission of any of these three variables may lead to biased explanations. Using the National Travel Survey in England, from 2001 to 2017, this research explored the extent to which individual multimodality varied by age, period, and cohort. We adopted the hierarchical age-period-cohort model to estimate the net effects of age, period, and cohort on multimodality. Our analyses showed that travellers tend to be less multimodal as they get older. The age effects may be moderated by work or physical mobility constraints, which accelerate the decrease in multimodality before or after reaching 30 years old, respectively. Individual multimodality exhibited significant variation across periods and cohorts. The total variance in multimodality accounted for by cohorts was larger than that explained by periods. Multimodality reached the lowest level for cohorts born between 1945 and 1969. This may be partially explained by the joint influence of multiple spatial mobility constraints as well as by the distinctive early life conditions and formative experience of baby boomers in terms of driving during the post-war economic expansion.

Thiss research aims to detrmine how much influence the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) dan Return on Equity (ROE) on Stock Prices at Food and Beverage Sub Sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2018. The sample used in this research were ten companies obtained based on purposive sampling technique. The data used in this study is panel data so that the data will be tested using the help of the Eviews 9 application and analysed using panel data multiple analysis. The results of this analysis indicate that DER partially has a negative and significant effect on stock prices and ROE partially has a positive and significant effect on stock prices. Meanwhile, simultaneously, DER and ROE have a joint influence on stock price of companies in the Food and Beverage Sub Sector for the 2013-2018 period.

This study aims to analyze the effect of environmental performance on the level of profitability on manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2014-2018, analyze the effect of environmental costs on the level of profitability on manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2014-2018, and analyze the influence of environmental performance and costs environment has a joint influence on the level of profitability of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018 ... The results of this sprove that (1) Environmental performance has no positive effect on prof tudy itability on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. (2) Environmental costs do not have a positive effect on profitability on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018.

This study aims to determine the effect of work environment and work ethic on employee performance in the Regional Education and Culture Office of Sangihe Islands Regency. This study used a survey research method, where the research instrument was a tested questionnaire and met the validity and reliability test requirements. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The population in this study were all employees at the Education and Culture Office of the Sangihe Islands Regency totaling 70 people, while the number of samples was 60 people. The results show that there is an influence of the work environment on the performance of employees at the Regional Education and Culture Office of the Sangihe Islands Regency, there is an influence of work ethic on the performance of employees at the Regional Education and Culture Office of the Sangihe Islands Regency, and there is a joint influence on the work environment and work ethic on the performance of employees at the Regional Education and Culture Office of Sangihe Islands Regency.

Recent theoretical and methodological advances in urban sociology, including spatially located data, provide new opportunities to consider the joint influence of mobility and place in urban social life. This review defines the concept of activity space, describes its origins in urban sociology, and examines the extent to which activity space approaches advance sociological research in four substantive domains—spatial inequality and segregation, social connectedness and engagement, crime and offending patterns, and health and health-related behavior. It next describes the evolution of methods for location tracking and new approaches that hold promise for maximizing urban mobility and activity space contributions. It then discusses how location data may be augmented to enhance our sociological understanding of the structure, meaning, and implications of the places people visit or traverse in daily life. We close with new directions for activity space research, emphasizing how such work could enable comparative contextual research.

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality on consumer purchasing decisions at Merauke Hawaiian Bread Agent outlets. (2) To determine the effect of price on consumer purchasing decisions at Merauke Hawai Bread Agent outlets. (3) To determine product quality and price have a joint influence on consumer purchasing decisions at Hawai Bakery Agent outlets in Merauke. The approach taken in this study using a quantitative research approach and the population in this study was 4,757 people with a study sample of 94 people. The results showed that product quality partially has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, price partially has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, the variables of product quality and price have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions.

This research was conducted to find out how the development and influence of Islamic Bank Mudharabah Deposits in Indonesia and Malaysia. The analysis technique used is the panel with a purposive sampling, data regression with quantitative inferential type of the research is using secondary data from Financial Report data for each Sharia bank in Indonesia and Malaysia and World Bank data for 2010-2018. Simultaneous test results show that the value of F-count 192.775> F-table 2.56 of these values can be concluded that H0 is rejected, which means there is an influence simultaneously and together on the variable ROA, Profit Sharing, Inflation and GDP of the variable Mudharabah Deposits in Islamic banks in Indonesia in 2010-2018. Furthermore, for the Malaysian results, the F-count value is 49.99581> F-table 2.56 from that value that H0 is rejected, which means that there is a simultaneous and joint influence on the ROA, Profit Sharing, Inflation and GDP variables of the Mudharabah Deposit variable at the Bank Sharia in Malaysia in 2010-2018.

Purpose This study aims to examine the direct impact of internal green supply chain practices (IGSCP) on green human resource management (GHRM), supply chain environmental cooperation (SCEC) and firm performance (FP). The mediating influences of GHRM and SCEC on the influence of IGSCP on FP are also examined. The study further examines the mediating influence of SCEC on the link between GHRM and FP. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a quantitative method where data is gathered from human resource and supply chain managers of 139 manufacturing firms (food, beverage and alcohol, textiles, agrochemical and plastics), using customized questionnaires. The data is analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling software (SmartPLS 3.2.8). Findings The results suggest that the adoption of only IGSCP may negatively affect the market and financial performances of firms. However, the implementation of GHRM and SCEC may catalyze IGSCP to improve FP. Originality/value The study develops a comprehensive empirical model that tests the joint influence of internal green supply chain, GHRM and SCEC on FP. The findings indicate that IGSCP, GHRM and SCEC help firms to advance FP.

Problem statement . The strength of cement stone has a significant impact on the properties of concrete. Therefore, much attention is paid to the formation of the structure and properties of cement stone. Improvement of the properties is achieved by activating the hardening of the cement paste in various ways. One of such methods is the processing of cement paste in electromagnetic field mixing with water or cement suspension of low concentration. When processing concentrated cement suspension in an alternating electromagnetic field, there is the intensification of dissolution, dispergation, hydration of the cement components and the formation of a cohesively dispersed structure of cement stone. The given paper gives research results of the impact of the processing concentrated cement suspension containing lime in an alternating electromagnetic field on hardening and strength processes of cement stone. The purpose of the article is to study the joint influence of alternating electromagnetic field and Са(ОН) 2 on the properties of cement stone. Conclusion . The impact of the alternating electromagnetic field on the concentrated cement suspension, containing Са(ОН) 2 as the result of synergetic effect enables to intensify hardening process and increasing the physical and mechanical properties of cement stone.

Background Consumers had to encounter and consider product-oriented and review-oriented cues before making an online purchasing decision. It was important to resolve how these cues influenced consumers' online purchasing decision. We also knew little about how the human brain processed these cues simultaneously, and which cue would occupy a dominant position in neural activity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the neural correlates of online shopping decisions and how online rating and product price jointly influenced such purchase decisions. Research Method Eighteen undergraduates were recruited to participate in this research. Each participant was exposed to all four experimental conditions combining 2 (product price: high vs. low) × 2 (online rating: positive vs. negative) with a total of 192 trials. They were required to rate the degree of willingness-to-pay. EEG data were obtained with 64 electrodes placed on the Easy Cap according to the International 10-20 system. We conducted both the event-related potentials analysis and the time-frequency analysis for the EEG data. Results The behavioral findings indicated that products with positive rating and low price increased the willingness-to-pay. The EEG results showed that larger late positive potentials were elicited by products with low price compared with high price under positive rating condition, but not under negative rating condition, reflecting the modulated effect of online rating on the emotional arousal elicited by product price. Furthermore, we found larger alpha event related desynchronization elicited by products with positive rating compared with negative rating, indicating that more cognitive resources were allocated for products with a positive rating. Conclusion Combined with behavioral and EEG analysis, our results emphasized the more important position of product rating compared with price. The findings deepened the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the online shopping decision process. More attention should be paid to online ratings on the webpage of the electronic store, because negative ratings made a product less appealing for prospective consumers regardless of price. Thus, the owners should build good reputations for their online products, which were fundamental to the consumers' online purchasing decisions.

The present study estimated the independent and joint influence of early home and education contexts on three school readiness outcomes for children with Hispanic immigrant parents. These associations were compared to those for children whose parents differed by ethnicity and immigration status − children of non-Hispanic immigrants and children of Hispanic native-born parents − to determine if associations were distinct for children of Hispanic immigrants. Data were drawn from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (ECLS-K: 2011) (N ≈ 3480). Outcome measures at kindergarten entry included direct assessments of math and reading skills, as well as teacher reports of approaches to learning (ATL). Results indicated that parental provision of cognitive stimulation and center-based ECE both predicted outcomes among children of Hispanic immigrants and their peers, with some variation in patterns by developmental domain and subgroup. Specifically, participation in center-based care predicted math and reading scores for children of Hispanic immigrant and Hispanic native-born parents, but not children of non-Hispanic immigrants. Furthermore, center-based care participation predicted ATL scores more strongly for children of Hispanic immigrants than their peers. Some trend-level evidence of moderation of early home and education environments emerged, again with patterns varying by outcome and subgroup. Findings highlight the importance of policies that seek to enhance both the home and ECE environments for young children with Hispanic immigrant parents and their peers.

There is often conflict between disclosures and actions in corporate operations. One area of interest relates to the joint influence of tax avoidance and Corporate Social Responsibility on economic outcomes. We evaluate investor perceptions when these corporate behaviors are in conflict, and our results indicate that tax avoidance negatively influences investment decisions. We find that although CSR in isolation has no direct effect, the negative influence of tax avoidance is tempered when it is present. We provide evidence that not only do a firm's policies related to CSR and tax avoidance result in diverse investment intentions, but also that it is the individual's unique beliefs on ethics and CSR that appear to be driving these differences. Our results suggest that espousing stakeholder values serves as a shield to protect the company from the negative consequences associated with tax avoidance, and that individual attitudes can shape perceptions relative to these behaviors.

More recently, there has been a surge of studies that seek mechanisms of the opinion evolution. While many studies have been dedicated to this field, much less attention has been paid to the joint influence of diverse agents on the opinion evolution. In this paper, we proposed an opinion dynamic model based on the Deffuant Weisbuch(DW) model with the existence of eccentric agents. The eccentric agent will change its opinion if the eccentric agent is selected and the opinion difference between two selected agents is beyond the bounded confidence. Previous studies have demonstrated that consensus usually cannot be achieved in the DW model. However, our study suggests that the existence of a single eccentric agent is able to promote consensus in numerical simulations, regardless of any bounded confidence and initial opinion distribution. We further proved that the DW model with the single eccentric agent achieves quasi-consensus. The equilibrium of the system was also proposed. Lastly, we analyzed the final opinion distribution and convergence time with varying bounded confidence and convergence parameters.

Stream temperature appears to be increasing globally, but its rate remains poorly constrained due to a paucity of long-term data and difficulty in parsing effects of hydroclimate and landscape variability. Here, we address these issues using the physically-based thermal model T-NET (Temperature-NETwork) coupled with the EROS semi-distributed hydrological model to reconstruct past daily stream temperature and streamflow at the scale of the entire Loire River basin in France (105 km2 with 52278 reaches). Stream temperature increased for almost all reaches in all seasons (mean = +0.38 °C/decade) over the 1963–2019 period. Increases were greatest in spring and summer with a median increase of +0.38 °C (range = +0.11– +0.76 °C) and +0.44 °C (+0.08– +1.02 °C) per decade, respectively. Rates of stream temperature increases were greater than for air temperature across seasons for 50–86 % of reaches. Spring and summer increases were typically the greatest in the southern headwaters (up to +1 °C/decade) and in the largest rivers (Strahler order > 5). Importantly, air temperature and streamflow exerted joint influence on stream temperature trends, where the greatest stream temperature increases were accompanied by similar trends in air temperature (up to +0.71 °C/decade) and the greatest decreases in streamflow (up to −16 %/decade). Indeed, for the majority of reaches, positive stream temperature anomalies exhibited synchrony with positive anomalies in air temperature and negative anomalies in streamflow, highlighting the dual control exerted by these hydroclimatic drivers. Moreover, spring and summer stream temperature, air temperature, and streamflow time series exhibited common change-points occurring in the late 1980s, suggesting a temporal coherence between changes in the hydroclimatic drivers and a rapid stream temperature response. Critically, riparian vegetation shading mitigated stream temperature increases by up to 16 % in smaller streams (i.e.

The assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a complex process. The joint action of the assembly load and the working temperature causes an uneven stress distribution among the components and produces a certain degree of deformation. In addition, the assembly process is often related to load transfer, material transfer, energy exchange, multi-phase flow and electrochemical reaction. At present, the manufacturing cost of fuel cells is extremely high, and assembly cost accounts for a large proportion. Assembly techniques with low efficiency and accuracy further increase manufacturing costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for further research on stack assembly theory and techniques to improve stack assembly efficiency and reduce costs. Based on a survey of the literature, the research status of assembly load, assembly load optimisation, assembly mechanism, and automatic assembly are summarised. Based on comprehensive analyses, this review proposes the development trends of assembly key techniques for fuel cell stacks, and provides a helpful reference for researchers and producers. In the future, the research of assembly technique should pay more attention to the assembly load of fuel cell under on-line conditions and the joint influence of assembly load and other stresses. The assembly mechanism should be designed according to the application scenario of fuel cell and be more convenient to dynamically adjust the assembly load. The review also points out that automation is the development direction of assembly technique. The design, manufacture and assembly of fuel cells need to be better coordinated.

Conjoint measurement was used to investigate the joint influence of facial gender and facial age on perceived gender (Experiment 1) and perceived age (Experiment 2). A set of 25 faces was created, covarying independently five levels of gender (from feminine to masculine) and five levels of age (from young to old). Two independent groups of observers were presented with all possible pairs of faces from this set and compared which member of the pair appeared as more masculine (Experiment 1) or older (Experiment 2). Three nested models of the contribution of gender and age to judgment (i.e., independent, additive, and saturated) were fit to the data using maximum likelihood. The results showed that both gender and age contributed to the perceived gender and age of the faces according to a saturated observer model. In judgments of gender (Experiment 1), female faces were perceived as more masculine as they became older. In judgments of age (Experiment 2), young faces (age 20 and 30) were perceived as older as they became more masculine. Taken together, the results entail that: (a) observers integrate facial gender and age information when judging either of the dimensions, and that (b) cues for femininity and cues for aging are negatively correlated. This correlation exerts stronger influence on female faces, and can explain the success of cosmetics in concealing signs of aging and exaggerating sexually dimorphic features.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical appearance, brand image and marketer's word of mouth either partially or simultaneously influence the purchasing decision at Noona Beauty Korea salon in Barabai, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency.The population in this study were all customers or consumers of the Noona Beuty Korea salon in Barabai, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. The number of samples is 100 respondents. The sampling technique in this study used a random sampling technique, or random sampling. The data in this research were obtained directly from interviews by distributing questionnaires. The analytical tool used is the research instrument test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression, t test, F test and R2 testThe results showed that there was an effect of Physical Appearance on Purchase Decisions at Noona Beauty Salon Korea Barabai, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. There is an influence of Brand Image on Purchase Decision at Salon Noona Beauty Korea Barabai, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. There is the influence of marketers by word of mouth on purchasing decisions at Noona Beauty Salon Korea Barabai, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. There is a joint influence between the variables of Physical Appearance, Brand Image, and Word of mouth Marketers on Purchase Decisions at Noona Beauty Salon Korea Barabai, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency.

Moving along with daily life, urban residents and commuters create characteristic spatiotemporal patterns which vary extensively with the time of day. These patterns are formed via traffic flows: accordingly, understanding the impact of transportation system is essential for urban planners to evaluate expected urban activities. To explore them, we examine specifically population distributions in Seoul City by analyzing hourly population data based on mobile phone location records in combination with a couple of indicators of the Seoul Subway system. Through clustering and principal component analyses, we first demonstrate that the spatial distribution of the population is categorized according to the time of day, i.e., night, daytime, and evening, variations across which reflect the morphology of land use. We then examine the influence of the subway system on the population, employing ridership and accessibility as indicators. Our linear regression analysis shows that both are associated with the daytime and the evening populations, which implies that only commercial activities are substantially coupled to the subway system. Further, we find that the distinctive difference of night population is encoded in the probability distributions; this is elucidated by means of a multiplicative growth model for the morphological evolution of Seoul, revealing decentralization of residential areas and centralization of commercial areas. This study sheds light on the interplay of a public transportation system and land use, which is of relevance to planners and policymakers wishing to develop neighborhoods in support of sustainable modes.

Do students learn better with texts that are slightly harder-to-read (i.e., disfluent)? Previous research has yielded conflicting findings. The present study identified the boundary condition that determines when disfluent texts benefit learning. We used eye-tracking to examine the joint influence of text legibility (fluent vs. disfluent) and signaling (signaling vs. non-signaling) on multimedia learning. The results revealed that both disfluent text and signaling led to better transfer test performance, and there was also an interaction between them. Specifically, the disfluent text led to better learning outcomes with or without signaling; however, in the fluent text condition, only signaling facilitated learning. Eye movement analyses indicated that signaling guided learners to pay more attention to important content in the learning materials. The current results suggest that signaling can enhance individuals’ perceived fluency or familiarity to the material and guide the attention during multimedia learning, and the positive impact of disfluency on multimedia learning seems to be more stable and ubiquitous. We discuss these under the framework of disfluency effect and attention-guiding effect.

Research on firm search stresses the need for firms to adapt and align concurrently with their environment to optimize the ability to sense and seize opportunities for sustained performance. We postulate resource scarcity as an important contingency factor for the search-performance relationship, and assess its joint influence with high and low dynamism. Using a dataset spanning 23 years, we examine the performance implications of combinations of internal and external exploratory and exploitative search in resource-scarce environments, under conditions of high and low dynamism. We find that resource scarcity is an important condition for performance stemming from exploratory and exploitative search: even under conditions that involve low dynamism, but joined with resource scarcity, firms may benefit from pursuing exploratory and exploitative knowledge simultaneously.