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Millions worldwide cannot tell when their bladder is nearing total capacity. The catheter, a tube to empty the bladder, is a vital part of life for many people. A catheter is, however, not a comfortable option, and it is the most common cause of infection in people staying in hospitals. This thesis aims to make the process more comfortable and non-invasive. The proposed idea is to use a UWB radar system with Vivaldi antennas to monitor the bladder state. Research shows that UWB radars can see a difference between a full and an empty phantom bladder. However, current research that explores the usage of UWB radar systems to monitor the bladder state does not consider regulations other than the ones set by FCC. They also only perform experiments on a phantom bladder. This thesis investigates the practical viability of using a UWB radar system designed per the restricted regulations set by Post- och Telestyrelsen. The thesis includes the design, simulations,manufacturing, and testing of the antennas as well as the radar system. The goal was to test the system in both simulations, with a phantom model and with a human body as a target, to advance the current state of research and determine its practicality forreal-life applications. The simulations showed a significant difference in reflections between full and empty bladders. The measurements from the experiments showed a slight difference in amplitude as well, although not as great as predicted due to a longer pulse. The Vivaldi antennas performed as expected according to both theory and simulations and they should work as desired in further experiments that use a UWB radar to monitor the bladder state per the PTS regulations. This thesis is solely based on an original idea and has not been influenced or derived from any external company.

The purpose of this study is to see how historical films in history education can contribute to developing students' critical thinking about sources, historical consciousness, and various aspects of the uses of history. I showed a sequence of the film 1917 which is about the First World War, to a class of high school students who then worked on an assignment connected to the film and the purpose of the study. The material consists of 13 student responses to the assignment which contains three different questions where each question is designed to develop the theoretical approaches of source criticism, historical consciousness, and uses of history. The method is a content analysis with mainly a qualitative approach but also a quantitative approach with one coding scheme to each theoretical approach. The result of the study shows how the students’ reasons and discuss source criticism, historical consciousness, and uses of history towards the film sequence to develop their learning.

The purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased understanding of New Religion and how it’s portrayed in film. The source material is three different films, Midsommar, The Wicker Man and The Sacrament. The method is a content analysis with both quantitative and qualitative approaches and a coding scheme with the coding units, attire, choice of words, rite and context. Stark and Bainbridge's theory is essential, which defines New Religious Movements that focuses on their high tension with their socio-cultural environment. Previous research describes what new religion is, how to examine new religion in popular culture and how it is portrayed in film. The result of the study confirms that The New Religious Movements is portrayed negatively in the films, but the common factor is violence, violence as in human sacrifice and mass suicide.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur utvalda grundskollärare i de tidigare åren arbetar med andraspråkselever i matematikundervisningen med fokus på problemlösning. Detta då vi visste att språket har en betydande roll i matematiken och är en kritisk aspekt för andraspråkselever. Data samlades in genom fem intervjuer med verksamma lärare och en observation av en matematiklektion som hade fokus på problemlösning. Detta resulterade i att vi upptäckte att lärare inte anpassar sin matematikundervisning specifikt för andraspråkselever. De tog dock upp exempel på svårigheter som kan uppstå för andraspråkselever i problemlösningsuppgifter. Språket som ett hinder utgjorde en röd tråd i lärarnas svar.