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Abstract Commercial aviation’s contribution to climate change is growing, but the global role of private aviation is not well quantified. Here we calculate the sector’s CO2 emissions, using flight tracker data from the ADS-B Exchange platform for the period 2019 to 2023. Flight times for 25,993 private aircraft and 18,655,789 individual flights in 2019-2023 are linked to 72 aircraft models and their average fuel consumption. We find that private aviation contributed at least 15.6 Mt CO2 in direct emissions in 2023, or about 3.6 t CO2 per flight. Almost half of all flights (47.4%) are shorter than 500 km. Private aviation is concentrated in the USA, where 68.7% of the aircraft are registered. Flight pattern analysis confirms extensive travel for leisure purposes, and for cultural and political events. Emissions increased by 46% between 2019-2023, with industry expectations of continued strong growth. Regulation is needed to address the sector’s growing climate impact.

A Metodologia da Problematização com o Arco de Maguerez é uma das metodologias ativas da aprendizagem que tem se mostrado capaz de alcançar as pretensões propostas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Tais recomendações englobam um ensino em que os alunos são guiados a problematizarem suas realidades, a fim de desenvolver diversas habilidades, tais como o pensamento crítico e participativo, que possibilita uma educação integrada e contextualizada. Este artigo traz uma proposta de sequência didática em que se utiliza a Metodologia da Problematização com o Arco de Maguerez, voltada para o ensino de química, integrando as temáticas polímeros e meio ambiente. Buscou-se desenvolver diversas atividades didáticas, focadas no estudo e na busca de soluções para problemas encontrados na realidade, contemplando todas as etapas do Arco de Maguerez. Discutiu-se cada uma das etapas de acordo com a literatura especializada. Espera-se que este trabalho sirva como meio facilitador para aqueles que pretendem trabalhar com esta metodologia no ensino de química.

Methane emissions (CH4) from the soil increase according to changes made in forest soils and adverse edaphoclimatic factors. Soil temperature and nutrients will impact the activity of microorganisms, depending on land use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of land use, temperature, and nitrogen application on CH4 emissions from soils within the Amazon region. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Each experiment consisted of five replicates to measure CH4 emissions. The variables examined in these experiments were: 1) three distinct land uses (forest, pasture, or agriculture; 2) soil temperatures (25, 30, 35, or 40°C); and 3) input of nitrogen to the soil (0, 90, 180, or 270 kg of N ha−1). In this study, the highest emissions occurred in pasture soils, with values of 470 μg of CH4 g−1 of dry soil, while forest and agricultural soils suffer the effects of CH4 oxidation. Temperature is a factor that contributes to CH4 emissions, and temperatures above 30°C tended to reduce gas emissions in the systems studied, since the highest emission was observed in pasture soil kept at 25°C (∼1,130 μg of CH4 g−1 of dry soil). Nitrogen fertilization in pasture soils reduces CH4 emitted nearly 140% as the dose increased. As a result, the pasture soils tended to emit higher concentrations of CH4 into the atmosphere. However, reducing these emissions from the pasture management employed is possible.

Abstract Background The prediction of long-term mortality following acute illness can be unreliable for older patients, inhibiting the delivery of targeted clinical interventions. The difficulty plausibly arises from the complex, multifactorial nature of the underlying biology in this population, which flexible, multimodal models based on machine learning may overcome. Here, we test this hypothesis by quantifying the comparative predictive fidelity of such models in a large consecutive sample of older patients acutely admitted to hospital and characterise their biological support. Methods A set of 804 admission episodes involving 616 unique patients with a mean age of 84.5 years consecutively admitted to the Acute Geriatric service at University College Hospital were identified, in whom clinical diagnoses, blood tests, cognitive status, computed tomography of the head, and mortality within 600 days after admission were available. We trained and evaluated out-of-sample an array of extreme gradient boosted trees-based predictive models of incrementally greater numbers of investigational modalities and modelled features. Both linear and non-linear associations with investigational features were quantified. Results Predictive models of mortality showed progressively increasing fidelity with greater numbers of modelled modalities and dimensions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve rose from 0.67 (sd = 0.078) for age and sex to 0.874 (sd = 0.046) for the most comprehensive model. Extracranial bone and soft tissue features contributed more than intracranial features towards long-term mortality prediction. The anterior cingulate and angular gyri, and serum albumin, were the greatest intracranial and biochemical model contributors respectively. Conclusions High-dimensional, multimodal predictive models of mortality based on routine clinical data offer higher predictive fidelity than simpler models, facilitating individual level prognostication and interventional targeting. The joint contributions of both extracranial and intracranial features highlight the potential importance of optimising somatic as well as neural functions in healthy ageing. Our findings suggest a promising path towards a high-fidelity, multimodal index of frailty.

Typical successions in land use affect the dynamics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the soil. This study aimed to determine the effects of land use change on soil organic carbon and N content and stocks in pastures, crops, and forests in the Amazon. Soil C and N stocks were assessed at depths of 30 and 100 cm to determine 13C isotopic abundance. The concentrations of C and N in crops were lower (p < 0.05) than those in other land use types. Soil organic C and soil N stocks for pasture (67.6, 144.8, 5.7, and 13.3) and forest (77.1, 137.5, 6.3, and 13.8) systems were similar, but greater than those of the crop area (36.4, 63.9, 3.0, and 6.0), regardless of depth (30 and 100 cm for C and N). Land use change for pastures in the Arc of Deforestation region of the Amazon maintains SOC and N stocks in the soil and is more sustainable than the agricultural system with black pepper, as long as the conditions of soil, climate, and cultivation are similar. Part of the C3-derived carbon from the forest was replaced by C4-derived C from grasses at soil depths up to 100 cm.

Optimizing the management of hydraulic infrastructures that support water supply, wastewater, and stormwater drainage can increase the efficiency of these systems. A framework for operational management of urban water systems allows for robust management, which contributes to the system’s overall resilience. A methodology has been structured to support the decision-making process of managing entities. The methodology for the operational management of hydraulic infrastructures incorporates concepts of asset management, risk management, and technical management. It is organized into three operational areas (assessment, operation, and intervention) and aims to increase the efficiency of managing entities. Two cases were used to implement the aforementioned methodology—the Arouca Water Supply System (SAA-Arouca) and the Trofa Wastewater Drainage System (SAR-Trofa), both under the responsibility of Águas do Norte, S.A. In SAA-Arouca. There was a particularly significant reduction in the system input volume (purchased the first level) and the number of pipe busts observed in the subsequent period after the implementation of the methodology. Regarding the SAR-Trofa, the application of the methodology focused particularly on improper inflows (rainwater and others). The proposals for this system mainly aim at reducing the volumes collected by the drainage networks (in low-level infrastructures) and delivering them to different high-level infrastructures.

Abstract Background The understanding of how individuals manage their emotional experiences has flourished dramatically over the last decades, including assessing of emotion (dys)regulation. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is a well-validated and extensively used self-report instrument for emotion regulation problems. Despite the wide use of DERS in both clinical and research settings, its length potentially increases fatigue and frustration in respondents and limits its inclusion in brief research protocols. Consequently, a short-form version of the DERS (DERS-SF) was developed, which requires cross-cultural adaptations and the study of its reliability and validity. Objectives In order to address this issue, this study aimed to analyze the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of DERS-SF and examine the DERS-SF factor structure invariance between men and women. Methods The sample comprised 646 participants aged between 18 and 66 years (M = 29.93, SD = 11.71). Results The correlated six-factor structure of the original version has an acceptable fit, good reliability, and convergent validity. Our results also suggested the invariance of the factor structure of the DERS-SF across genders. Conclusion The DERS-SF has good psychometric properties, and it may be useful for future research and clinical work to use this six-factor brief version and improve emotion regulation assessment.

Childhood experiences have a significant impact on the development of resilience, shaping an individual’s capacity to cope with stress and adversity throughout their lifespan. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between positive childhood experiences (PCEs), adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and resilience in adulthood. The results revealed that emotional and physical abuse and emotional and physical neglect are negatively correlated with PCEs and resilience. PCEs protect individuals against ACEs and promote better health and resilience in adulthood. The findings emphasize the importance of reducing ACEs and increasing PCEs in childhood, preventing long-term impacts and mental health outcomes, and increasing resilience levels.

Este artigo foi elaborado a partir de um estudo do Estado do Conhecimento, que tem por objetivo promover uma visão holística da gamificação aplicada à educação na última década, a partir de trabalhos publicados em anais de sete eventos de química e ciências com gamificação como tema principal. Evento científico foi o setor de publicação escolhido para coleta de dados devido à sua importância na prática e formação de docentes. Os eventos escolhidos foram: Congresso Brasileiro de Química (CBQ), Simpósio Brasileiro de Educação Química (SIMPEQUI), Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Química (ENEQ), Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC), Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Química (RASBQ), Encontro Nacional de Jogos e Atividades Lúdicas no Ensino de Química, Física e Biologia (JALEQUIM) e Simpósio Nacional de Ensino de Ciência e Tecnologia (SINECT). Com o processo de busca foram encontrados 11 trabalhos, sendo eles fruto de pesquisas de estudo teórico e de aplicação. Nas pesquisas analisadas, os autores relatam que os elementos de jogos empregados na gamificação têm potencial de engajamento e motivação que beneficiam a aprendizagem, e podem ser aplicados em diferentes segmentos formais de educação, não sendo obrigatório o uso de recursos tecnológicos digitais. Palavras-chave: Gamificação; ensino de Química; estado do conhecimento.

Individuals who have higher emotional intelligence show higher levels of life satisfaction. This study analyzed the impact of emotional intelligence on life satisfaction in a sample of 144 individuals aged between 18 and 77 years (M = 36.97, SD = 15.87), comparing victims and non-victims of violence. Participants answered an online protocol comprising a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLWS). Age and emotional intelligence impact life satisfaction, and victims showed low emotional intelligence and satisfaction scores. As emotional intelligence is an essential skill in emotional evaluation and regulation, its relationship with life satisfaction should also affect quality of life.

Abstract Objective To assess associations between head injury (HI) with loss of consciousness (LOC), ageing and markers of later‐life cerebral pathology; and to explore whether those effects may help explain subtle cognitive deficits in dementia‐free individuals. Methods Participants (n = 502, age = 69–71) from the 1946 British Birth Cohort underwent cognitive testing (subtests of Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite), 18F‐florbetapir Aβ‐PET and MR imaging. Measures include Aβ‐PET status, brain, hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, normal appearing white matter (NAWM) microstructure, Alzheimer’s disease (AD)‐related cortical thickness, and serum neurofilament light chain (NFL). LOC HI metrics include HI occurring: (i) >15 years prior to the scan (ii) anytime up to age 71. Results Compared to those with no evidence of an LOC HI, only those reporting an LOC HI>15 years prior (16%, n = 80) performed worse on cognitive tests at age 69–71, taking into account premorbid cognition, particularly on the digit‐symbol substitution test (DSST). Smaller brain volume (BV) and adverse NAWM microstructural integrity explained 30% and 16% of the relationship between HI and DSST, respectively. We found no evidence that LOC HI was associated with Aβ load, hippocampal volume, WMH volume, AD‐related cortical thickness or NFL (all p > 0.01). Interpretation Having a LOC HI aged 50’s and younger was linked with lower later‐life cognitive function at age ~70 than expected. This may reflect a damaging but small impact of HI; explained in part by smaller BV and different microstructure pathways but not via pathology related to AD (amyloid, hippocampal volume, AD cortical thickness) or ongoing neurodegeneration (serum NFL).

The pace of research and development in neuroscience, neurotechnology, and neurorehabilitation is rapidly accelerating, with the number of publications doubling every 4.2 years. Maintaining this progress requires technological standards and scientific reporting guidelines to provide frameworks for communication and interoperability. The present lack of such neurotechnology standards limits the transparency, repro-ducibility, and meta-analysis of this growing body of literature, posing an ongoing barrier to research, clinical, and commercial objectives. Continued neurotechnological innovation requires the development of some minimal standards to promote integration between this broad spectrum of technologies and therapies. To preserve design freedom and accelerate the translation of research into safe and effective technologies with maximal user benefit, such standards must be collaboratively co-developed by the full range of neuroscience and neurotechnology stakeholders. This paper summarizes the preliminary recommendations of IEEE P2794 Standards Working Group, developing a Reporting Standard for in-vivo Neural Interface Research (RSNIR).

Identifying white matter (WM) tracts to locate eloquent areas for preoperative surgical planning is a challenging task. Manual WM tract annotations are often used but they are time-consuming, suffer from inter- and intra-rater variability, and noise intrinsic to diffusion MRI may make manual interpretation difficult. As a result, in clinical practice direct electrical stimulation is necessary to precisely locate WM tracts during surgery. A measure of WM tract segmentation unreliability could be important to guide surgical planning and operations. In this study, we use deep learning to perform reliable tract segmentation in combination with uncertainty quantification to measure segmentation unreliability. We use a 3D U-Net to segment white matter tracts. We then estimate model and data uncertainty using test time dropout and test time augmentation, respectively. We use a volume-based calibration approach to compute representative predicted probabilities from the estimated uncertainties. In our findings, we obtain a Dice of ≈0.82 which is comparable to the state-of-the-art for multi-label segmentation and Hausdorff distance

Este artigo discute as estratégias empregadas na temporada 2019/2020 da Bundesliga para a produção de excitação no público telespectador, após a retomada do campeonato sem a possibilidade de torcedores nos estádios para acompanhar os jogos. Interrompida por cerca de dois meses devido à pandemia da covid-19, a Bundesliga promoveu no seu retorno um modelo de transmissão que buscou simular a presença física dos torcedores no estádio, mediante recursos visuais, sonoros e audiovisuais, a fim de garantir a aderência a um modelo dominante da transmissão espetáculo. O artigo, então, apresenta uma descrição das transmissões e de seus aspectos técnicos e interpreta seus elementos à luz dos conceitos de excitação, espetacularização e paisagem sonora. Concluímos discutindo se e como as estratégias de transmissão podem romper com o modelo lo-fi de paisagem sonora, apontando valores sociais e estéticos predominantes e/ou emergentes.

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca de duas formas de abordagem da experiência estética – aqui mais especificamente do audiovisual – que permitem miradas fabulatórias de lampejos, aparições e incorporações multitemporais: a constelação e a encruzilhada. Para tanto, partimos de uma constelação de obras audiovisuais em cruzo entre vida/arte – realizadas na pandemia e também além deste contexto –, que têm muito forte o signo da morada, da relação pela intimidade familiar/comunitária. Contemplando este miríade estelar, suas relações e os cruzamentos de seus pontos estelares nos propomos a, partindo das performances, pelas frestas, pontuar alguns gestos de continuidade e ruptura nos corpos audiovisuais – nos corpos da cena e em cena – fabulando algumas de suas implicações e legados estéticos e políticos para o universo audiovisual porvir.

Este artigo analisa as disputas valorativas estabelecidas nas críticas culturais brasileiras acerca da noção de “maldito”, tendo como ponto de partida a carreira musical de Itamar Assumpção, levando em conta os processos de contextualização radical (GROSSBERG, 2010) e as formações discursivas (FOUCAULT, 1987) da crítica cultural. Considerando as nuances e as complexidades do sentido do termo “maldito” a partir das experiências e expectativas, conforme Koselleck (2006), como uma tentativa de demonstrar a emergência de valores e valorações, discursos e sensibilidades, e relações de poder diante dos regimes de verdade, é possível notar como as articulações estético-políticas do termo se reorganizam em função de temporalidades e historicidades.

Este relato apresenta a experiência de um trabalho com enfoque Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) nos anos iniciais realizado em uma escola pública do Rio de Janeiro, com os seguintes objetivos: proporcionar aos estudantes um aprendizado e construção de conhecimento científico partindo de um problema socialmente relevante e condições para a formação de um olhar crítico e auxiliar na tomada de decisões e mudanças de comportamento frente ao problema social. Foi utilizado o tema “Fome no Mundo”, numa metodologia de um ensino crítico, discutindo os tipos de alimentos e suas funções na promoção da saúde, tendo como base a componente curricular da instituição. Foram realizadas diversas atividades como: rodas de conversa, que proporcionaram um diálogo e interação com toda turma; imagens anexadas em biombos, que despertou para sensibilização; pesquisas em diversas fontes, para o conhecimento e aprofundamento no assunto; vídeos, para o levantamento de questões sociais, ambientais, econômicas e políticas; visita à cozinha da escola, para análise do desperdício; hora da receita, trabalhando com reaproveitamento, pesquisa na internet, discutindo a ação de organizações que buscam erradicar a fome; e a hora do desenho, estimulando a mudança de comportamento diante do conhecimento adquirido. Os resultados encontrados na atividade mostraram possibilidades de discussões para um ensino de ciências que auxilia a fomentar nos alunos o interesse científico voltado à cidadania.

AbstractIntroduction Some adolescents experience more than one type of abuse [1] that can occur under different incidents during childhood and/or juvenile development [2]. Polyvictimization can be defined as the experience of four or more types of violence, including childhood neglect, psychological, physical or sexual abuse, witnessing violence [3]. In Portugal, studies on polyvictimization are very scarce [4]. The objectives of the current study are to analyse the prevalence of polyvictimization in a sample of Portuguese youth, to compare differences in polyvictimization between age and gender groups, and to verify the probability of occurrence of different types of victimisation among boys and girls.Materials and methods The sample was composed of 849 participants, with 459 girls and 390 boys, and ages between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.70, SD = 1.43). The study was conducted in Portuguese schools. The data collection was conducted according to ethical principles, with the authorisation of the schools, the parents, and the youth. Participants answered face to face to a sociodemographic questionnaire and to the Juvenile Victimisation Questionnaire (JVQ) that assesses to conventional crimes, child maltreatment, peer and sibling victimisation, sexual victimisation, and witnessing and indirect victimisation [4].Results Over the last year, 67% (n = 388) of the participants had experienced at least one type of victimisation. The results reported differences in polyvictimization concerning age groups and not between gender groups. The difference between the group 12–14 years and the group 15–17 years was significant [χ2(3, n = 849) = 8.793, p = .032], and dependent on polyvictimization. Concerning gender groups, the difference in victimisation levels between boys and girls was not significant. However, the probability of occurrence of the various forms of victimisation was different between genders. Boys showed higher probability of occurrence of assault without weapon (OR = 0.430; p < .01; boys = 20.8%, girls = 14.2%), attempted assault (OR = 0.540; p < .01; boys = 18.5%; girls = 10.9%), nonsexual genital assault (OR = 0.241; p < .001; boys = 15.9%; girls = 4.4%), and burglary of family household (OR = 0.407; p < .05; boys = 6.2%, girls = 2.6%). However, girls revealed higher probability of occurrence of psychological/emotional abuse (OR = 1.672; p

AbstractIntroduction Peer victimisation is defined as the experience of being the target of aggressive behaviour, by one or more peers. This presents several configurations, and in this sense the study of multiple types of victimisation is emphasised [1]. Research supports the need of studying protective and risk factors for victimisation in light of the ecological model, once it highlights the connection between individual characteristics, family, school and community [2]. Two main objectives will be analysed: (a) the risk factors associated with four global types of victimisation (overt, reactive overt, relational and reactive relational) and seven subtypes of victimisation behaviours that the adolescent’s might experience (e.g. social manipulation, social exclusion) using the ecological model; (b) discuss how the study of risk factors contributes to the strategies to be outlined in the context of an intervention program.Materials and methods 584 high school adolescents participated in this quasi-experimental study, aged between 12 and 19 years (M = 15.20; DP = 1.90). The participants completed: School aggression and violence: Victimisation symptoms and behaviours Questionnaire [3], Perception of Social-Family Support and Perception of Peer Support Scales [4], Parental Support Questionnaire – Short Form [5], and School Climate Questionnaire [6]. Ethics committee approved the investigation and informed consent was obtained from parents. The questionnaires (anonymous and confidential) were completed in a classroom context. Using Hierarchical Linear Regression, two models were built, in which the qualitative variables (e.g. age, gender) were first inserted, followed by the factors peer support, family and school climate.Results The global types of victimisation were better explained by reactive relational victimisation (18.60% of total variance) while the specific types of victimisation by the harassment model (19.30% of the total variance), both by the factor social support from family and friends (respectively 13.80% and 10.70% of the variance). In short, boys showed a higher risk of overt victimisation, while girls reported more relational victimisation. Perceiving a poor support from family and friends places the adolescents at a higher risk of peer victimisation by harassment, but also by exclusion/social isolation, coercion, intimidation, threats and aggressiveness. The higher the perception of a school climate characterised by violence, the higher the risk of peer victimisation, specifically by harassment. No cases of victimisation per bullying were identified.Discussion and conclusions The risk factors found were indicative that these adolescents would benefit from a universal intervention model. These are developed in the classroom context for all students and do not include a selection of subjects with a specific need for intervention. Strategies should be oriented towards socio-emotional interventions, which include emotional management and interpersonal conflicts. These have shown good results in reducing violence in young people, including bullying, but also in reducing disruptive behaviours in the classroom. Greater knowledge of teachers and administrative staff, but also parents, and using rules that promote social inclusion, would facilitate the identification and signalling of students at risk. School administrations should adopt more integrated prevention policies and not only sanctioning measures, promoting a school climate perceived as protective and without violence.

AbstractIntroduction The occurrence of traumatic experiences in childhood can lead to a disruption in the development of secure internal representations, with a negative impact on self-esteem [1]. In addition, child victimisation may compromise their emotional regulation skills [2] and it has been shown that individuals with lower self-esteem have less emotional regulation skills [3]. Studies with adults showed that those who suffered several types of abuse during childhood tend to have worse interpersonal relationships [4]. This research has the main goals, to identify the relationship between the impact of childhood abuse on adult self-esteem and emotional regulation, and the relationship between self-esteem and emotional regulation. This is the first study in a Portuguese sample that integrates those variables.Materials and methods The study design is descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional. The sample was composed of 96 Portuguese adults (over 18 years old) (M = 27.95 years, SD = 11.60). The participants answered online to a sociodemographic questionnaire, Portuguese versions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) [5], the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) [6], and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) [7]. The link to the study was disclosed by e-mail and in social networks. The study was conducted in accordance with all the ethical principles.Results We found significant statistical positive correlations between the total score of the CTQ and the total score of the DERS (r = 0.422, p

AbstractIntroduction Cognitive distortions are considered an important element to understanding the support mechanisms of sexual aggression. Different Instruments have been developed for the assessment of sexual abuse and rape. In 1996, Bumby [1] developed two scales to assess cognitive distortions in these typologies of aggressors, MOLEST and RAPE. This paper aims to present the exploratory factor analysis of both instruments in a forensic sample and presents a proposal of factor structure with subscales, based on the conceptual models of Ward and Keenan [2] and Ward [3].Materials and methods The data for this study were collected at Prison in Lisbon District (Portugal) between 2017-2019 after prior approval of the Directorate General for Reinsertion and Prison Services (DGRSP). From a total of 266 individuals (male) convicted by sexual abuse and rape, it was possible to obtain N = 71 (Age: M = 43.8 SD = 11.69; relations: 47.9% was married or in union; 32.4% has High School Education). Were excluded initially from sample, analphabets and non-Portuguese’s. All individuals were invited to participate in the study being explained that it was confidential and would not be benefitted or harmed for participate. The instruments used were MOLEST (38 items) and RAPE (36 items), both developed by Bumby (1996, Portuguese version by Baúto, Cardoso & Leal, 2014). For the data treatment was used IBM© SPSS© Version 20. All ethical principles have been considered and approved by the Portuguese Prison Services.Results Significant levels of reliability and validity for both Scales were found. Regarding MOLEST Scale we tested the possibility of subscales, generated by grouping of items based on the varimax rotation method with principal component analysis. In the case of MOLEST, five sub-scales were defined and, in the RAPE, four sub-scales, categorised according to the Ward & Keenan [2] and Ward [3] models and defined as implicit theories. With reference to MOLEST we found a KMO = 0.607 (mediocre) with good Cronbach alphas for each of the five sub-scales (α = 0.912; α = 0.859; α = 0.856; α = 0.868; α = 0.799). These five subscales explain 44.85% of total variance. The RAPE has a KMO = 0.658 (mediocre) and four subscales have been defined which also have good Cronbach alphas (α = 0.867; α = 0.877; α = 0.839; α = 0.906). This sub-scale proposal explains 42.45% of the variance.Discussion and conclusions The exploratory factorial analysis presents itself as promising, and it is necessary to use in the next phase a confirmatory factorial analysis that allows to test the consistency of the proposed model. The categorisation of the scale enhances its use in clinical practice, allowing the identification of primordial modes of functioning by the evaluated subjects.

O presente artigo busca elaborar um estado da arte acerca do uso de publicidade televisiva, a partir de textos científicos circundantes à área de Ensino de Ciências. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica em periódicos brasileiros disponíveis nos programas de pós-graduação no repositório da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) por um período de dez anos (2010 a 2019) e no Google Acadêmico para os principais trabalhos no cenário internacional, que discutem a referida temática. O principal objetivo é analisar pesquisas que se afinem com Ensino de Ciências, principalmente observando as características encontradas nestas produções cuja abordagem seja concernente à educação científica, seja por apropriação dos conteúdos ou de temas transversais. Um quadro foi constituído a partir do levantamento destes materiais, constando suas principais informações características: título, tipo, ano, grande área de concentração, programa de pós-graduação de que é oriundo, sua aplicação no ensino, se aplicável ou pertencente ao Ensino de Ciências, especificamente e o público-alvo de aplicação do método.

Este artigo propõe uma análise que compreende a relação entre os fluxos audiovisuais e culturais como vetores que operam configurações políticas, estéticas e sociais da experiência, tendo como estudo de caso as performances drags de Pabllo Vittar e Gloria Groove. A plataforma YouTube é tomada como um dispositivo que, ao posicionar os corpos das artistas, abre possibilidades de processos de subjetivação que atravessam as identidades de gênero, gêneros midiáticos e a própria temporalidade da experiência. Percebem-se, dessa forma, articulações que remetem às experiências do passado no presente, do presente no presente e problematizações do presente/futuro.

Objectiv eTo summarise current evidence for the utility of interval imaging in monitoring disease in adult brain tumours, and to develop a position for future evidence gathering while incorporating the application of data science and health economics.MethodsExperts in ‘interval imaging’ (imaging at pre-planned time-points to assess tumour status); data science; health economics, trial management of adult brain tumours, and patient representatives convened in London, UK. The current evidence on the use of interval imaging for monitoring brain tumours was reviewed. To improve the evidence that interval imaging has a role in disease management, we discussed specific themes of data science, health economics, statistical considerations, patient and carer perspectives, and multi-centre study design. Suggestions for future studies aimed at filling knowledge gaps were discussed.ResultsMeningioma and glioma were identified as priorities for interval imaging utility analysis. The “monitoring biomarkers” most commonly used in adult brain tumour patients were standard structural MRI features. Interval imaging was commonly scheduled to provide reported imaging prior to planned, regular clinic visits. There is limited evidence relating interval imaging in the absence of clinical deterioration to management change that alters morbidity, mortality, quality of life, or resource use. Progression-free survival is confounded as an outcome measure when using structural MRI in glioma. Uncertainty from imaging causes distress for some patients and their caregivers, while for others it provides an important indicator of disease activity. Any study design that changes imaging regimens should consider the potential for influencing current or planned therapeutic trials, ensure that opportunity costs are measured, and capture indirect benefits and added value.ConclusionEvidence for the value, and therefore utility, of regular interval imaging is currently lacking. Ongoing collaborative efforts will improve trial design and generate the evidence to optimise monitoring imaging biomarkers in standard of care brain tumour management.

Photovoltaic (PV) electricity is widely used because of its positive environmental impact. To properly feed this energy into the grid, an electronic power converter, known as a PV inverter, is needed, which may or may not use a transformer. This article details the analysis and design of a transformerless photovoltaic inverter topology for grid-connected applications. This converter offers high efficiency, a low number of elements, and negligible leakage current, which makes it a good alternative for this application. The converter has been validated through an experimental prototype and compared with other topologies with similar characteristics.

Este estudo apresenta o relato de uma pesquisa realizada em uma escola municipal do Rio de Janeiro sobre as expectativas e concepções dos alunos da EJA (Educação de Jovens e Adultos) utilizando o ensino de ciências como viés investigativo. Foi realizada uma entrevista que coletou dados sobre a percepção dos alunos sobre o ensino de ciências e uma roda de conversa onde se buscou ampliar as concepções identificadas na entrevista. Este estudo contou com o contributo de autores como Pozo e Gómez Crespo (2009), Freire (2005), Bizzo (2012) e outros, para subsidiar a análise dos dados e a compreensão dos processos identificados.

A proposta deste estudo bibliográfico foi reconhecer exemplos das relações da Química com a qualidade de vida e o meio ambiente, na procura de consonâncias com as orientações promulgadas na atual Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) para a organização do currículo. Em seguida, procurou-se identificar quais as propostas dos autores para que um professor de química/ciências possa trazer aproximações com os princípios do enfoque Ciência–Tecnologia–Sociedade (CTS) em suas práticas de sala de aula, tendo como temas principais a produção de álcool, alimentos e fármacos. Por fim, verificou-se que em todos os textos analisados, apesar de propostas contextualizadas para um envolvimento crítico dos estudantes, o que se prioriza é a aprendizagem de conceitos disciplinares da Química Orgânica e Química Inorgânica. Reconheceu-se a importância de se potencializar o enfoque CTS, trazido nos temas com questões sociocientíficas (QSC), em situações de atualização curricular, de forma que os estudantes sejam motivados para uma evolução não apenas cognitiva, mas para ações vividas no cotidiano.

A citologia é um conteúdo dentre os mais abstratos da biologia. A referência a micrografias e fotografias é recorrente no ensino deste conteúdo. Vislumbrando o processo de inclusão de alunos deficientes visuais, este trabalho traz propostas de atividades que promovam o ensino de citologia de uma forma diferenciada, com a utilização de uma modelo celular didático artesanal e aulas dialogadas. Neste trabalho são propostas quatro atividades que envolvem o ensino de citologia direta ou indiretamente. O potencial destas atividades para promover a inclusão se fundamenta no modelo utilizado, que tem estímulo tátil/visual e nas características específicas que ele possui. Destacamos aqui a preocupação com o ensino de ciências no cenário inclusivo, especialmente nos conteúdo mais abstratos, que demandam uma combinação de recursos para que promova não só a inclusão, mas que facilite o aprendizado de todos os alunos.

O trabalho corrobora a importância social dos conhecimentos em Ciência e Tecnologia na vivência de crianças, e foi desenvolvido por licenciandos em química fundamentados nos estudos sobre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa, de caráter interpretativo e de natureza aplicada. Os protagonistas foram alunos do 4º ano de uma escola municipal. A intervenção teve como tema gerador a Slime, onde os objetivos foram analisar os riscos da sua fabricação caseira, por meio de vídeos e relatos de experiências, propor soluções para reduzi-los, e apresentar sua produção, de modo consciente. Os dados obtidos revelam a importância de fornecer aos alunos experiências ativas em contextos reais onde possam exercer um papel crítico e reflexivo. O reconhecimento das percepções que a criança possui se constitui como um fator importante para a significação dos conteúdos científicos relacionados aos fenômenos observados.

Sugarcane crops are grown in almost all regions of Brazil, in various types of soil and under the influence of different climate conditions, which results in diverse production environments as climate factors directly influence the yield and technological quality of a sugarcane crop. The present study evaluated the agronomic and technological characteristics of sugarcane cultivars grown in Af climate conditions. The agronomic traits (natural matter production and the number, length, and diameter of stalks) and technological attributes (Brix, purity, Pol, reducing sugars, total reducing sugars, moisture, and fiber content) of three sugarcane cultivars, IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486, and SP79-1011, were determined in a three-year experiment with a randomized block design using four blocks and two repetitions per block. The cultivars IACSP93-6006 and SP79-1011 exhibited superior agronomic traits compared to RB83-5486, showing better adaptation to the soil and climate conditions of the study area. However, the technological attributes, which were below the minimum standard levels required by the sugar and ethanol industry, were not statistically different among the studied cultivars. The abundant rainfall and high temperatures, characteristics of an Af climate, were not favorable for sucrose accumulation in the IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486, and SP79-1011 cultivars. Therefore, despite the high yield, sugarcane intended for industrial purposes should not be grown under Af climate conditions, owing to the insufficient technological parameters.

Progressive diseases tend to be heterogeneous in their underlying aetiology mechanism, disease manifestation, and disease time course. Here, Young and colleagues devise a computational method to account for both phenotypic heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity, and demonstrate it using two neurodegenerative disease cohorts.

Este artigo apresenta e interpreta práticas de rock desenvolvidas em Salvador, no bairro do Rio Vermelho, a partir de uma chave de leitura que articula engajamentos afetivos aos territórios ocupados e apropriados por integrantes da cultura rock. O estudo é focalizado em três práticas específicas: o Rock no Vacachorro, evento que ocorreu no Largo de Santana, mais conhecido como Largo da Dinha; o Bate Papo Saco de Vacilo, na casa de show Bardos e Bardos, e o Faça Você Mesma, no Mercadão C.C. São apresentados os afetos que se expressam nessas práticas, as formas de engajamento dos integrantes e construções de territorialidades diversas no bairro do Rio Vermelho

In this paper we present a discussion about the chiptune scene, in a perspective of "appropriation" and mutual adaptation between users and technology, from a systematization of different discourses (film and bibliography). From this we extract a perception about the anthropological dimension of the experience of play (play of the game) and present some scene members practices, with its proper interpretations.

The present article aims to discuss Brazil’s current educational scenery, regarding, specially, the research and its succeeding publications about Chemistry teaching and what could be considered innovative in light of recent legislation. To do that, five publications in the area were reviewed in order to classify their articles according to themes that could be considered innovative, knowingly: African and Native History and Culture, Human Rights Education and Green Chemistry. The analyses presented in this article argues that there is still a long way to run for chemistry teaching to be more in sync with social and culture themes and that for this to ever happen, we must pay closer attention to the early stages and to the continuity of teacher training.

This research focuses on the adjustments in systolic and diastolic functions that are not fully understood in dogs submitted to athletic training. Beagle dogs carried out an endurance training program (ETP) prescribed from the external training load, corresponding to 70–80% of the lactate threshold (VLT) velocity. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: control (C, n = 8), active dogs that did not perform any forced exercise, and trained (T, n = 10), submitted to the ETP during eight weeks. All dogs were evaluated before and after the ETP period using two-dimensional echocardiography, M-mode, Doppler, and two-dimensional speckle tracking. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the echocardiographic variables was performed. The ETP improved the left ventricular internal dimension at the end of diastole (LVDd), the left ventricular internal dimension at the end of diastole to aorta ratio (LVDd: Ao), and the strain rate indices. PCA was able to capture the dimensionality and qualitative echocardiography changes produced by the ETP. These findings indicated that the training prescribed based on the lactate threshold improved the diastolic and systolic functions. This response may be applied to improve myocardial function, promote health, and mitigate any injuries produced during heart failure.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential use of fruticulture waste as an additive in elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cultivar Napier silage at different densities, defining the effect of fermentative quality, microbiological characteristics and bromatological composition. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, comprising a control, banana waste (BW), mango waste (MW), and passion fruit waste (PFW) at three densities (400, 500 and 600 kg green matter [GM] m-3). The effect of ensiling density was greatest in the exclusively elephant grass silage, where a compaction of 600 kg GM m-3 contributed to improvements in fermentation and microbiological processes. The addition of banana waste to the elephant grass silage promoted improvements only in bromatological composition, raising the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) content and reducing fiber components (neutral detergent fiber [NDFap] and acid detergent fiber [ADFap] corrected for ash and protein), but the addition of banana waste did not favor the fermentative or microbiological processes. The addition of passion fruit and mango by-products promoted increased DM and favored the fermentative, microbiological, and bromatological silage processes, regardless of density.

Este artigo descreve um relato de experiência com 22 alunos de uma turma do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental, na faixa etária de 8 aos 12 anos, de uma escola municipal do terceiro distrito de Duque de Caxias (RJ). O desenvolvimento decorreu de atividades discursivas por meio da roda de conversas, tendo como eixo norteador as discussões um clássico dos Irmãos Grimm, “A Branca de Neve” na versão de Ana Maria Machado (2010). Os relatos iniciais das crianças indicaram o conceito atribuído à química como algo nocivo. Ao longo das conversas e das problematizações, novas respostas foram atribuídas quanto os benefícios ou malefícios que a química produz na vida das pessoas, chegando ao ponto de atribuírem ao homem a responsabilidade sobre o que fazer com o conhecimento científico produzido. O objetivo do enfoque CTS no ensino pode ser observado na construção do texto coletiva e nas representações criança sobre por meio do desenho.

This article presents the results of research of a professional master's degree, with a qualitative methodological approach, with an interpretative nature, with participant observation developed with 24 children of the 3rd year of elementary school in a municipal school. The objective of the research was to investigate the contributions that the context involving the school garden provides to socio-scientific discussions in the phase in which the child learns to read and write. Initially the theoretical discussions that support this study are presented. The development of the activities was guided by didactic sequences that contemplate the protagonism of children and talk wheels. The results indicate that children have a critical and attentive look at social issues related to the development of science and technology, and that the work of the teacher must include the child in the decision-making processes, sharing responsibilities and exercising training for citizenship.

Synthesising computed tomography (CT) images from magnetic resonance images (MRI) plays an important role in the field of medical image analysis, both for quantification and diagnostic purposes. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in image-to-image translation for brain applications. However, synthesising whole-body images remains largely uncharted territory, involving many challenges, including large image size and limited field of view, complex spatial context, and anatomical differences between images acquired at different times. We propose the use of an uncertainty-aware multi-channel multi-resolution 3D cascade network specifically aiming for whole-body MR to CT synthesis. The Mean Absolute Error on the synthetic CT generated with the MultiResunc network (73.90 HU) is compared to multiple baseline CNNs like 3D U-Net (92.89 HU), HighRes3DNet (89.05 HU) and deep boosted regression (77.58 HU) and shows superior synthesis performance. We ultimately exploit the extrapolation properties of the MultiRes networks on sub-regions of the body.

Ventricular systolic dynamics involves the contraction of transverse and longitudinal myocardial fibers. Unfortunately, only the activity of the transverse myocardial fibers is foreseen by the standard systolic echocardiographic parameters. Although strain and strain rate have been used to assess the radial, circumferential and longitudinal planes of cardiac contraction, such analysis requires advanced equipment which is not always available in veterinary medicine. On the contrary, some unusual parameters may be recorded via standard methodology, allowing for the specific evaluation of left ventricular longitudinal contractility. In this study, the longitudinal contractile activity was evaluated using the long-axis fractional shortening and the mitral annulus motion, which were compared with several standard echocardiographic parameters in 14 beagles, including seven with asymptomatic mitral valve disease. The long-axis fractional shortening was positively correlated with both the mitral annulus motion and the end-diastolic left-ventricular diameter. Also, a significant correlation was found to exist between the mitral annulus motion and the left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter, which is likely supportive of its preload dependency. Even though no difference was documented in either mitral annulus motion or long-axis fractional shortening between healthy dogs and dogs with mitral valve disease, the latter only included animals with minimal cardiac remodeling, with no overt compromise of systolic function. Since it is possible to obtain these two parameters with any echocardiographic equipment, their inclusion in the routine exam would probably add information regarding the activity of the longitudinal myocardial fibers, whose functional deterioration supposedly occurs prior to the impairment of transverse fibers.

ABSTRACT Background: Once a biliary injury has occurred, repair is done by a hepaticojejunostomy. The most common procedure is to perform a dilatation with balloon with a success of 70 %. Success rates range using biodegradable stents is from 85% to 95%. Biodegradable biliary stents should change the treatment of this complication. Aim: To investigate the use of biodegradable stents in a group of patients with hepaticojejunonostomy strictures. Methods: In a prospective study 16 biodegradable stents were placed in 13 patients with hepaticojejunostomy strictures secondary to bile duct repair of a biliary surgical injury. Average age was 38.7 years (23-67), nine were female and four male. All cases had a percutaneous drainage before at the time of biodegradable stent placement. Results: In one case, temporary haemobilia was present requiring blood transfusion. In another, pain after stent placement required intravenous medication. In the other 11 patients, hospital discharge was the next morning following stent placement. During the patient´s follow-up, none presented symptoms during the first nine months. One patient presented significant alkaline phosphatase elevation and stricture recurrence was confirmed. One case had recurrence of cholangitis 11 months after the stent placement. 84.6% continued asymptomatic with a mean follow-up of 20 months. Conclusion: The placement of biodegradable stents is a safe and feasible technique. Was not observed strictures caused by the stent or its degradation. It could substitute balloon dilation in strictures of hepaticojejunostomy.

O presente artigo apresenta propostas experimentais didáticas para a realização de testes de chama com materiais do cotidiano para o ensino de conteúdos disciplinares, visando à incorporação de elementos comuns à vivência do aluno e favorecendo ao professor salientar a interface Química/Sociedade. Esta proposta foi levada a professores de Química de uma escola técnica estadual do Rio de Janeiro, para ser avaliada, com resultados positivos pelos professores que realizaram os ensaios de chamas com suas turmas. Os testes mostraram a eficácia do uso de materiais de fácil obtenção e baixo custo, e podem ser aplicados, tanto na identificação qualitativa de espécies iônicas, como recursos para incrementar discussões acerca da estrutura atômica. Além disso, podem agregar vantagens técnicas e ambientais, com possibilidades de contextualização e interdisciplinaridade a partir da realização do experimento, possibilitando assim, um ensino de química com elementos concretos que fazem parte da cultura do estudante.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados iniciais de um projeto de iniciação científica em desenvolvimento em um curso de Licenciatura em Química. O projeto busca novas abordagens para aulas de ciências/química destinadas a alunos dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O objetivo é promover discussões sobre o uso de diversos recursos didáticos e metodológicos no que diz respeito à abordagem de conceitos químicos presentes no cotidiano das crianças. Os dados obtidos evidenciam a importância em aproximá-las desde seus primeiros anos de escolarização à atividade de investigação sobre os fenômenos químicos observados em seu cotidiano, de modo que a construção de conceitos ocorra de maneira significativa e contextualizada.

Fungal invasive infections are rare in general population but are an emergent cause of infection in the immunocompromized population, especially in the solid organ transplant recipients. Herein the authors report a clinical case of a liver transplanted patient suffering a cutaneous co-existent infection with A. alternata as well as A. infectoria. To our knowledge this is the first case of cutaneous concomitant infection due to those two species reported not only in Portugal but also worldwide. The patient was treated with surgical excision of the lesions and oral itraconazol without relapse.

O trabalho propõe a ideia de que temas químicos devem ser abordado de forma integrada aos demais conhecimentos, propiciando uma interface desde os primeiros anos de escolaridade, auxiliando a fomentar nos alunos seu espírito investigativo e o interesse pela área de ciências. Como objetivos bases da pesquisa destacam-se: identificar os conceitos químicos, vinculados aos desenhos animados, que são pertinentes ao currículo de ciências nas primeiras séries da Educação Básica; mostrar que conceitos químicos podem ser discutidos de forma contextualizada para esse segmento da educação. Foram usados sete episódios dos desenhos animados “Sid o Cientista” e “Cocoricó”, por despertarem interesse na faixa etária do primeiro segmento do ensino fundamental. Concluiu-se que os desenhos escolhidos se tornam recursos didáticos em potencial por encantar o público infantil, constituindo uma estratégia facilitadora na abordagem de vários assuntos relacionados à química, e que cotidianamente são vivenciados pelas crianças, sendo necessário trabalhá-los de forma coerente com os temas propostos.

O presente artigo é parte de uma dissertação de mestrado em Ensino de Ciências, em uma pesquisa realizada com licenciandos em química, do Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), campus Nilópolis, cujo objetivo principal foi investigar como professores de química em formação podem se apropriar de propagandas televisivas como recurso didático. A pesquisa foi qualitativa, com análise interpretativa das informações obtidas nos encontros que ocorreram em uma das oficinas pedagógicas. Todos os registros das discussões foram feitos em áudio, e os resultados analisados segundo a metodologia da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), observando-se as contribuições do seu desenvolvimento para a prática pedagógica dos licenciandos em questão e consequentemente para a formação de professores. Os participantes da pesquisa realizaram ensaios de intervenção pedagógica com propagandas televisivas, onde foram organizados grupos de discussões sobre o uso deste recurso midiático como opção metodológica, e dos problemas atuais no ensino de química, além das dificuldades de se contemplar a Prática como Componente Curricular (PCC) no curso de licenciatura. As discussões em grupo serviram de subsídios para que os licenciandos pudessem pensar e repensar a prática pedagógica, com inserções de atividades e recursos que possibilitem, em um curso formação de professores, à procura de um ensino de Química mais diversificado.

Este estudo analisa a relação entre a exposição à violência familiar e o abuso íntimo juvenil. Para tal recorreu-se à Escala de Sinalização do Ambiente Familiar Natural Infantil e à Escala de Táticas de Conflitos Revisada. Participaram no estudo 505 jovens com uma média de idades de 21.76 (DP = 2.15). Os resultados revelaram altas taxas de prevalência do abuso íntimo, sendo a agressão psicológica a tipologia mais frequente, na perpetração e vitimação (52.3% - 50.4%, respetivamente). Apuraram-se elevadas taxas de violência (80.8%) no contexto familiar, destacando-se a violência emocional (74.3%), seguida do controlo (65.9%), a coerção (34.5%) e por fim, a violência física (16.4%). As análises de associação comprovaram que existe uma relação positiva entre o abuso íntimo e a exposição à violência familiar. Reitera-se, assim, a necessidade de criação de medidas de prevenção e intervenção na violência familiar, atendendo ao seu potencial impacto nas dinâmicas íntimas relacionais.

The association of tiletamine with zolazepam (T/Z) is commonly used in dissociative anesthesia in household pets. This combination induces short-duration somatic analgesia, loss of voluntary movements and myorelaxation caused by the benzodiazepin, with stimulation of the ardiovascular system and maintenance of protective reflexes. Due to the large use of this association in elective neutering of felines and its anesthetic properties, we chose to monitorize and identify electrocardiographic (ECG) and clinical changes during the anesthetic procedure, with and without oxygen supplementation. For this study, 20 female felines were recruited. All animals were young adults, healthy, no specific breed. The subjects underwent clinical, laboratorial and electrocardiographic evaluations prior to anesthesia. Tramadol hydrochloride was given as Preanesthetic medication followed by anesthesia with T/Z. The felines were randomly assigned to either Group 1 (n=10), in which subjects received oxygen supplementation through mask during the anesthetic procedure, or Group 2 (n=10), in which subjects were not supplemented with oxygen. Heart and respiratory rates, systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and pulse oxymetry were monitored in all subjects from both groups. We also obtained recordings of the ECG tracing and derivations for each animal which were posteriorly evaluated and interpreted. The results showed significant differences between the groups in respiratory rate (G1 = 26,8 +/- 2,1 and G2= 38,5+/- 3,2) and pulse oxymetry (G1= 97,3 +/- 2,4% and G2 = 91,2 +/- 1,1%). We also observed on the ECG recordings development of periods of intermittent right branch blockage and S-T elevation in both groups. We therefore concluded that the ECG recordings were identical in both groups despite oxygenotherapy; however, we observed an improvement in the clinical parameters in animals who received oxygen supplementation via mask.