Search

The family Droseraceae is reported for the first time from Costa Rica represented by Drosera capillaris Poiret. The species grows in vernal pools of hyperhumid savannahs of tbe Parque Nacional Amistad, Puntarenas Province. The population was small, of sorne 30 individuals that reduce dipterans to empty exoskeleton s in 82 hr, Glandular secretion in higher when humidity is high and Jight is low. To date, the nearest locality reported for this species was Mexico.

To investigate the biological activities of Justicia pectoralis Jacq. (Acanthaceae), an herbal medicine used in Costa Rica (CR) for the management of menopausal symptoms and dysmenorrhea.The aerial parts of J. pectoralis were collected, dried and extracted in methanol. To establish possible mechanisms of action of JP for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, the estrogenic and progesterone agonists, and antiinflammatory activities were investigated.The methanol extract (JP-M) was tested in ER and PR binding assays, a COX-2 enzyme inhibition assay, the ERbeta-CALUX assay in U2-OS cells, as well as reporter and endogenous gene assays in MCF-7 K1 cells.The JP-M extract inhibited COX-2 catalytic activity (IC(50) 4.8 microg/mL); bound to both ERalpha and ERbeta (IC(50) 50 microg/mL and 23.1 microg/mL, respectively); induced estrogen-dependent transcription in the ERbeta-CALUX; and bound to the progesterone receptor (IC(50) 22.8 microg/mL). The extract also modulated the expression of endogenous estrogen responsive genes pS2, PR, and PTGES in MCF-7 cells at a concentration of 20 microg/mL. Activation of a 2 ERE-construct in transiently transfected MCF-7 cells by the extract was inhibited by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780, indicating that the effects were mediated through the estrogen receptor. Finally, the extract weakly enhanced the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, however this was not statistically significant as compared with DMSO controls.Extracts of J. pectoralis have estrogenic, progestagenic and anti-inflammatory effects, and thus have a plausible mechanism of action, explaining its traditional use for menopause and PMS.

Una nueva especie de Plinia L. (Myrtaceae) con hojas conspicuamente cuspidadas, flores pequeñas y frutos oblados, asimétricos, lisos y fuertemente comprimidos, se describe de la región Caribe sur de Costa Rica

Una nueva especie de Amyris P. Browne (Rutaceae), con hojas muy grandes, opuestas y pinnadas, se describe de la región del Pacífico central y sur de Costa Rica.

Se realizó una revisión morfológica de las especies de Smilax de Costa Rica. Tradicionalmente se han aceptado hasta 14 especies. En este trabajo se reconocen 7: Smilax domingensis, S. mollis, S. panamensis, S. spinosa, S. spissa, S. subpubescens y S. vanilliodora. Los siguientes nombres se tratan como sinónimos: Smilax engleriana y S. kunthii de S. domingensis; S. hirsutior, S. angustiflora y S. candelariae de S. mollis, y S. chiriquensis y S. regelii var. albida de S. vanilliodora. Smilax regelii se excluye como taxon válido y se designa un lectotipo de S. gymnopoda. Se elaboraron claves dicotómicas con características vegetativas y reproductivas (flores y frutos), con base en observaciones de campo y especímenes de herbario. En todas las especies se incluyeron diversos caracteres importantes para la identificación, como el rizoma, el tallo, el tamaño de los tépalos y la variación del color de las bayas a lo largo del desarrollo.

The Alberto Brenes Biological Preserve is located in northwest Costa Rica, situated on the Caribbean slope with elevations ranging from 800 to 1500 m. This area is subject to high rain fall through- out the year (4500 mm), and a somewhat lower rain fall from February to April. The moderate temperatures (due to elevation and cloud coverage) and the ample rainfall result in a Submontane Evergreen Tropical Rain Forest. This forest can also be considered as a transitional one between Montane Cloud Forest, found at higher elevations, and Lowland Rain Forest characteristic of lower elevations, as would be expected at this elevation. We present an annotated checklist for the Preserve accounting for 137 families of Angiosperms in 483 genera and 1294 species. The families with the most species are Araceae (50), Gesneriaceae (52), Melastomataceae (61), Orchidaceae (208), Rubiaceae (75), and Solanaceae (37). The most species-rich monocot genera are Pleurothallis (34), Anthurium (25) and Maxillaria (23); the most species-rich dicot genera are Peperomia (33), Piper (23), Miconia (16), Ocotea (21) and Psychotria s.s. (15).The following species were described as new from the preserve: Drymonia submarginalis (Gesneriaceae), Ocotea gomezii, Ocotea morae, Povedadaphne quadriporata (Lauraceae), Marlierea mesoamaricana (Myrtaceae), Prosthechea ortizii (Orchidaceae, as Encyclia ortizii), Coccoloba porphy- rostachys, Coccoloba liportizii (Polygonaceae), Rudgea monofructus (Rubiaceae) and Ticodendron incogni- tum (Ticodendraceae); the latter described as a new family too. La Reserva Biológica Alberto Brenes está localizada al noroeste de Costa Rica, en la vertiente Caribe, con elevaciones que van de 800 a 1500 m. Esta área está expuesta a altas precipitaciones durante todo el año (4500 mm) con pocas lluvias de febrero a abril. Con temperaturas moderadas debido a la ele- vación, la cobertura de nubes y la alta precipitación dan como resultado un bosque tropical húmedo de pre- montano, que también se puede ubicar como un bosque nuboso de transición entre el bosque nuboso de montano, que se halla en elevaciones más altas, y el bosque tropical húmedo de elevaciones más bajas. Así, por su ámbito altitudinal intermedio, los bosques de la Reserva Biológica A. M. Brenes poseen una diversi- dad notable de especies que pertenecen a zonas bajas y altas de Costa Rica. Se presenta aquí una lista con anotaciones de las plantas de la Reserva distribuidas en 137 familias de angiospermas, representadas por 483 géneros y 1294 especies. Las familias con mayor número de especies son Araceae (50), Gesneriaceae (52), Melastomataceae (61), Orchidaceae (208), Rubiaceae (75) y Solanaceae (37). Los géneros de mono- cotiledóneas con mayor número de especies son Pleurothallis (34), Anthurium (25) y Maxillaria (23). Los géneros de dicotiledóneas con mayor número de especies son Peperomia (33), Piper (23), Miconia (16), Ocotea (21) y Psychotria s.s. (15). Las siguientes especies fueron descritas de la Reserva A.M. Brenes como nuevas para la ciencia: Drymonia submarginalis (Gesneriaceae), Ocotea gomezii, Ocotea morae, Povedadaphne quadriporata (Lauraceae), Marlierea mesoamericana (Myrtaceae), Prosthechea ortizii (Orchidaceae, como Encyclia ortizii), Coccoloba porphyrostachys, Coccoloba liportizii (Polygonaceae), Rudgea monofructus (Rubiaceae) y Ticodendron incognitum (Ticodendraceae); ésta última, una familia nueva para la ciencia.

The bank notes and coffe tokens of Costa Rica include illustrations of several species of plants. The leaf of the Acanthus sp. plant is used as an ornament in paper money from the mid XIX century to the end of the XX century. The most widely known botanical illustration of Costa Rica is the orchid, Guarianthe skinneri, the national flower, featured in the 5 colones bank notes issued from 1968 to 1992. The most common illustration in coins since 1935 is the coffee (Coffea arabica) branch (bandola) with fruits. Coffee tokens, used in Costa Rica since the mid of the XIX century, include a variety of plant forms representing the coffee tree. Coffee tokens also include illustrations of other plants, like the myrtle (Myrtus communis). The coffee industry in Costa Rica had its origins in 1840 with the first coffee exports, and soon coffee became the main crop of the country. In this work we cite some species used in coffee plantations as live fences and shade, and also some common weeds. We also mention several plant fibers used in the elaboration of the canastos, the baskets used to collect the ripe coffee fruits. Los billetes bancarios y los boletos de café de Costa Rica incluyen ilustraciones de varias plantas. La hoja del acanto (Acanthus sp.) es utilizada como ornamentación en muchos billetes desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta finales del siglo XX. La ilustración botánica más conocida es la orquídea Guarianthe skinneri, flor nacional de Costa Rica, incluida en el anverso de los billetes de 5 colones emitidos de 1968 a 1992. El grabado más común desde 1935 en las monedas es la rama (bandola) del café (Coffea arabica) con frutos. Los boletos de café, en uso en Costa Rica desde la mitad del siglo XIX, incluyen varias formas de representar al arbusto del cafeto. También se utilizaron boletos con ilustraciones de varias especies de otras plantas, como el mirto (Myrtus communis). La industria cafetalera en Costa Rica tuvo sus inicios en 1840 con las primeras exportaciones y se convirtió en el principal cultivo del país. En este trabajo citamos los nombres de algunas plantas asociadas a la actividad cafetalera, incluyendo algunas malezas, árboles utiliza- dos para definir los límites de los cafetales y para sombra, así como algunas fibras vegetales utilizadas en la elaboración de los canastos para recoger el fruto maduro.

A new species of Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) sect. Orchidioides is described and illustrated in this paper. U. uxoris is distinguished by its small, delicate habit, and tiny, glabrous, green flowers with a white spur. Una nueva especie de Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae), sect. Orchidioides, se describe y se ilustra en este artículo. U. uxoris se distingue por su hábito delicado, de corta estatura, y sus flores pequeñas, glabras y de color verde, con la espuela blanca.

The life and professional work of the Costa Rican botanist Jorge Gómez Laurito (1947-2014) are here depicted. His 91 scientific publications and 50 new plant taxa (including a family, a genus, and 48 species) represent a long-lasting legacy. The description and publication of Ticodendraceae was his most notable professional achievement.

The chemical composition of the hydrodistilled essential oil of fruits of Siparuna thecaphora (Poepp. et Endl.) A. DC., collected in Turrialba, Costa Rica, was examined by capillary GC-FID and GC/MS. Sixty-three compounds were identified corresponding to ca. 94% of the oil. The major components were 2-undecanone (18.7%), geranial (14.4%), neral (10.7%), citronellal (8.4%), citronellol (6.3%) and β-pinene (6.5%).

Objective: Outcomes from the Women's Health Initiative have demonstrated adverse effects associated with hormone therapy and have prioritized the need to develop new alternative treatments for the management of menopause and osteoporosis. To this end, we have been investigating natural herbal medicines used by Costa Rican women to manage menopausal symptoms. Methods: Seventeen plant species were collected and extracted in Costa Rica. To establish possible mechanisms of action and to determine their potential future use for menopause or osteoporosis, we investigated the estrogenic activities of the herbal extracts in an estrogen-reporter gene estrogen receptor (ER) β-Chemically Activated Luciferase Expression assay in U2-OS cells and in reporter and endogenous gene assays in MCF-7 cells. Results: Six of the plant extracts bound to the ERs. Four of the six extracts stimulated reporter gene expression in the ER-β-Chemically Activated Luciferase Expression assay. All six extracts modulated expression of endogenous genes in MCF-7 cells, with four extracts acting as estrogen agonists and two extracts, Pimenta dioica and Smilax domingensis, acting as partial agonist/antagonists by enhancing estradiol-stimulated pS2 mRNA expression but reducing estradiol-stimulated PR and PTGES mRNA expression. Both P. dioica and S. domingensis induced a 2ERE-luciferase reporter gene in transient transfected MCF-7 cells, which was inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI 182,780. Conclusions: This work presents a plausible mechanism of action for many of the herbal medicines used by Costa Rican women to treat menopausal symptoms. However, it further suggests that studies of safety and efficacy are needed before these herbs should be used as alternative therapies to hormone therapy. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA)

A novel β-hydroxychalcone, galiposin (1), was isolated from the bark of Galipea granulosa. The structure of galiposin was established via spectroscopic analysis, including high resolution one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, as well as mass spectroscopy.

A novel chromone, granulosin (1), has been isolated from the bark of Galipea granulosa. The extract of the bark, as well as granulosin (1), exhibited lethality in the brine shrimp test. The structure of granulosin (1) as 2-propyl-7,8-(methylenedioxy)chromone was established via spectroscopic analysis.

The aporphine alkaloids (+)-isocorydine, (-)-3-hydroxynuciferine, and 3-hydroxy-6a,7-dehydronuciferine were isolated from the alkaloid fraction of an ethanol extract of the leaves of Ocotea brenesii Standley. Although (+)-isocorydine has been isolated from extracts of several Ocotea species previously, this is the first reported isolation of (-)-3-hydroxynuciferine and 3-hydroxy-6a,7-dehydronuciferine from this genus. Finally, to our knowledge, this is the first reported isolation of (-)-3-hydroxynuciferine from nature, although the compound was previously synthesized from nuciferine. In addition, it is only the second reported isolation of 3-hydroxy-6a,7-dehydronuciferine from a higher plant.

The composition of the essential oil from leaves of Siparuna thecaphora (Poepp. et Endl.) A. DC. collected in Turrialba, Costa Rica, was determined by capillary GC/MS. Seventy-six compounds were identified corresponding to ca. 95% of the oil. The major components were germacrene D (32.7%), alpha-pinene (16.3%), beta-pinene (13.8%) and beta-caryophyllene (4.1%). Thirty-one minor compounds were identified for the first time in this genus of plants.

The isolation and identification of aporphinoid alkaloids from two Costa Rican Guatteria species is described. The aporphine alkaloids (−)-anonaine, (+)-isocorydine, (−)-roemerine and the oxoaporphine alkaloid liriodenine were isolated from Guatteria oliviformis while the aporphine alkaloids (−)-anolobine and (−)-roemeroline, along with the oxoaporphine alkaloid O-methylmoschatoline, were isolated from Guatteria tonduzii.

a College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States b Department of Pharmacy Practice, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States c College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States d Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Natural Products Research Center, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica

A new species of Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) with 5-foliolate leaves is described from southern Costa Rica, compared with its closest relative, and illustrated. RESUMEN. Una nueva especie de Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) con hojas 5-folioladas, se describe de la regi6n sur de Costa Rica, se compara con otra especie cercana y se ilustra en este artfculo. Dalechampia L. is a genus of about 115 mostly neotropical species (Burger & Huft, 1995). Eleven species have recently been accounted for in Costa Rica (Burger & Huft, 1995). Except for D. spathulata (Scheidweiler) Baillon, an erect subshrub, the Costa Rican taxa are clambering vines with leaves that vary from simple and unlobed, with 5 palmate veins, to 2-3-lobed, and to trifoliolate. A new Dalechampia with 5-foliolate leaves from southern Costa Rica is described below. Dalechampia burgeriana G6mez-Laurito, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas. Coto Brus, Fila Cruces, entrada de los Atunes y orilla de la quebrada, borde de bosque, pastizales y charrales, 1000-1200 m, 24 July 1995, Isidro Chacdn 279 (holotype, USJ; isotypes, CR, F, MO). Figure 1. Dalechampia regnellii species brasiliensis affinis, a qua imprimis differt basi asymmetrici foliolorum lateralium, stipulis involucralibus 8-10 mm longis, bracteis involucralibus majoribus, sepalis pistillatis 12, ovario glabro, fructu majore. Clambering vines, leafy stems 1-1.3 mm thick, with retrorse appressed hairs and spreading stinging bristles 1-1.5 mm long; stipules 8-10 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at the base, narrowly lanceolate, ciliate along the margin, with 6-7 ascending veins, persisting. Leaves 5-foliolate, petioles 3-10 cm long, ca. 1 mm thick with retrorse appressed hairs and spreading trichomes, stipels stipule-like; petiolules 3-10 mm long with antrorse appressed hairs; leaflets with blades 6.510.5 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, narrowly ellipticoblong to narrowly ovate-elliptic, apex acuminate, margin with short teeth, lateral leaflets asymmetric at the base with a rounded-truncate side and a cuneate side, sparsely pilose on both surfaces, especially on the veins beneath; venation pinnate with 7-8 pairs of major secondary veins. Inflorescence axillary, solitary on axillary short-shoots 47 cm long; short-shoots with retrorse appressed hairs and 1-3 reduced leaves, involucral stipules 8-10 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at the base, narrowly lanceolate, pilose along the margin, with 67 ascending veins; involucral bracts 4-5.5 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide, ovate and 5-lobed, yellowish green, with 7-9 major veins from base, the veins sparsely ciliate outside and strigillose with short appressed hairs on the inner surface, the margin ciliate and with short teeth. Staminate cymules pedunculate, peduncules 3-5 mm long, flattened, sparsely pubescent, involucel cupuliform, 2.5-4 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, with the bracts completely connate; pedicels 3-6 mm long; resiniferous bractlets laminar, margins entire, secreting sticky whitish resin; staminate flowers 8-9; bud oblongelliptic, 2 mm long, 1-1.2 mm broad, acute at tip; calyx lobes 4, becoming reflexed, staminal column 2 mm long, glabrescent, anthers ca. 12, crowded, subsessile, 0.8 mm long, bilocular and dehiscent longitudinally. Pistillate cymules sessile, involucel of 2 bractlets; bractlets glabrous, margins sinuate, densely ciliate with hairs to 1 mm long; pistillate flowers 3, very short-pedunculate at anthesis; peduncles ca. 1 mm long; sepals 12, 3-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, bipinnatifid, margins hispid; ovary ca. 2 mm high, 1.5 mm thick, glabrous, 3locular; stylar column straight, terete, 12-15 mm long, 0.5 mm thick, glabrous, cream-colored, tip slightly dilated and sometimes slightly downturned. Central fruiting-pedicel 2-2.5 cm long, laterals 10-12 mm long; fruiting sepals 12-16 mm long, margins, tentacular processes, and midstrip copiously beset with straight, sharp bristles 1-2 mm long. Capsule 12-14 mm diam., glabrous; columella 12-15 mm long, persisting; seeds globose, ca. 4 mm diam., rugose-verrucate, whitish, palered tinged. This n w species is named in honor of William C. Burge , long-time friend and devoted student of NovoN 10: 368-370. 2000. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.203 on Sat, 10 Jun 2017 18:05:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 10, Number 4 2000 G6mez-Laurito Dalechampia burgeriana from Costa Rica 369 i.. FL_ i: ::: : ??'~:':d

Una Licaria (Lauraceae) de las tierras bajas del Caribe costarricense se describe y se ilustra en este artículo. A new Licaria (Lauraceae) from the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica is described and illustrated here. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Biología

Deherainia lageniformis G6mez-Laurito & N. Zamora, from Costa Rica, is described, illustrated, and compared with its closest relative. RESUMEN. Se describe de Costa Rica una nueva especie de Deherainia (Theophrastaceae), ademis se ilustra y se compara con la otra especie cercana. Deherainia Decaisne (Theophrastaceae) is a small neotropical genus of much-branched treelets with chartaceous leaves and green flowers. According to the most recent account (Stahl, 1989), it comprises just two species: D. matudae Lundell, distributed from Chiapas to Guatemala, and D. smaragdina (Planchon ex Linden) Decaisne, ranging from Veracruz to Belize and Honduras. Deherainia cubensis (Radlkofer) Mez has been relegated to the monotypic genus Neomezia as N. cubensis (Radlkofer) Votsch, endemic to Cuba. A third species of Deherainia from the Cordillera de Tilarn and Cordillera de Guanacaste in northern Costa Rica is described below. This new record provides a considerable range extension of the genus from the nearest known locality in Honduras. Deherainia lageniformis G6mez-Laurito & N. Zamora, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Guanacaste: Cafias, Parcelas Nueva Guatemala, Estribaciones del Volcain Tenorio, 1000 m, 10?37'30"N, 85?00'45"W, 18 ene. 1994, G. Herrera 6779 (holotype, USJ; isotypes, CR, F, INB, MO). Figure 1. D. matudae affinis, praecipue differt foliis junioribus apice aristatis; foliis maturis ellipticis ad oblanceolatis, apice aristatis; floribus majoribus, corolla intra in medio lepidota et in tertio basale pilis glanduliferis provista, staminodiis ellipticis, apice truncatis; fructu ovato ad lageniformi, magno, apice aristato. Trees 5-8 m tall with many branches. Branchlets stiff, angulate to terete, lepidote to glabrescent. Young leaves in 2 verticels around the nodes, 2-10 mm long, setaceous to lanceolate, with a spinelike mucro at the tip. Mature leaves subverticillate, 4 or 5 per node, when fresh with a mint odor of yerbabuena (Haber et al. 11234). Petioles 5-7 mm long, striate, glabrous, greenish yellow. Lamina elliptic to oblanceolate 12-22 X 4-6 cm, glabrous and with minute pits sparsely scattered on both sides, chartaceous, green above and greenish yellow beneath with the middle nerve prominent and lateral nerves slender, with numerous fine, strongly ascending and anastomosing strands of extraxyllary schlerenchyma, entire at the margins, acute at the apex with a short spinelike mucro, attenuate at the base. Inflorescence of 7 or 8 flowers inserted at the ends of the branchlets. Pedicels of mature flowers 25-30 mm long, striate, glabrous. Flowers to 25 mm long, campanulate, unpleasantly scented. Calyx 6-8 mm long, 5-parted, lobes broadly rounded at apex, green, imbricate, glabrous, irregularly dentate, erose and usually brownish at margin, persisting in fruit. Corolla 5-parted, lobes ca. 20 mm long, united basally in a 5-mm tube, elliptic to broadly elliptic, green, yellowish and involute at margin, with minute sunken glandular hairs in the middle, and gland-tipped hairs on the basal third, glabrous outside. Staminodia elliptic, about 2 mm long, obtuse to truncate at the apex, margins involute, sparsely lepidote and with minute gland-tipped hairs in the inner surface. Stamens 5, slightly exserted; filaments 4 mm long, slender, glabrous, flat, broad at base and connate into a very short tube; anthers ca. 2 mm long, suborbicular, truncate at apex, dorsifixed, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary ovate, ca. 3 mm long; style 4 mm long, glabrous with a discoid stigma. Fruits green, pendulous, ovoid to flask-shaped, about 14 cm long and 7 cm broad, green, acute at the tip with NovoN 8: 141-143. 1998. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.166 on Thu, 07 Jul 2016 05:36:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

As a result of the current general inventory of the flora of Costa Rica, six new species of Acanthaceae are described. Three, Justicia aurantiimutata, J. deaurata, and J. peninsularis, are known only from the Osa Peninsula, or nearby. The other three, Habracanthus tilaranensis, Kalbreyeriella rioquebradasiana, and Razisea villosa, are more widespread but still known only from Costa Rica. Collections from relatively well known regions of the tropics, even of easily collected habit types, continue to reveal novelties. In spite of the recency of floristic treatments for the Acanthaceae of Costa Rica and Panama (Durkee, 1978, 1986), numerous additions have since come to light for the region (cf. Daniel, 1993; Daniel & Wasshausen, 1990; G6mezLaurito, 1990; G6mez-Laurito & Grayum, 1991). Three of the six Costa Rican species described below are red-flowered, road or trailside subshrubs of welltraveled areas. The other three are from the longisolated and little-explored Osa Peninsula and have lavender, yellow, or green flowers. Habracanthus tilaranensis G6mez-Laurito, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Esparza, Peias Blancas Refugio de Vida Silvestre, 10?07'50"N, 84?40'25"W, 1,000-1,400 m, 30 Nov. 1986 (fl, fr), G. Herrera et al. 292 (holotype, CR; isotype, MO). Figure 1. Species combinatione foliorum lanceolatorum, inflorescentiarum paniculatarum, 25 cm x 8 cm, corollarum bilabiatarum, flavarum apice rubro, fructuum pilosorum a congeribus distinguenda. Suffruticose shrubs 1-4 m tall, internodes 2-2.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent. Petioles 3-8 cm long, glabrous. Lamina lanceolate, 13-17 cm long, 57.3 cm wide, acuminate at the tip, long attenuate at base, glabrous on both surfaces with ca. 10 pairs of arcuate secondary nerves, margin entire. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal, many-flowered, ca. 25 cm long and 8 cm wide. Peduncles of the panicle NOVON 4: 350-361. 1994. about 10 cm long, quadrangular, short pilose. Branches to 3 cm long, flattened, short puberulous with intermixed glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Secondary branches to 1 cm long. Tertiary branches to 5 mm long. Pedicels 2-3.5 mm long, hirsute with intermixed glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Bracts 1.5-2.5 cm long, ovate, short acuminate at tip, almost sessile. Bracteoles minute, subulate, ca. 1 mm long. Calyx 5-merous, segments lanceolate, 3-5.5 mm long, short puberulous with scattered glandular trichomes, undivided portion 0.5 mm long, swollen. Corolla bilabiate, arched in bud, straight in anthesis, 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, yellow with red tip, sparsely pubescent (eglandular), expanded just above the tube; tube 4 mm long, 1.3 mm wide; throat 2.5 mm diam.; upper lip 1.5 mm long, straight, acute; lower lip 3-lobulate, lobules ca. 1 mm long, acute. Stamens 2, exserted to 6 mm longer than the corolla; filaments flattened, glabrous; anthers dorsifixed, longitudinally dehiscent, locule 2 mm long; pollen spheroidal, ca. 40 um diam. (Fig. 7A). Ovary glabrous, attached on a basal disc; disc 0.8 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, glabrous. Style exserted to 6 mm longer than the corolla, glabrous; stigma simple, capitate. Fruits claviform, 1 cm long, pilose (eglandular), acute at the tip; retinacula acute. Seeds elliptic, 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, truncate at the base, pale yellow, papillose throughout. Habitat and distribution. Known only from moist forest at mid elevations on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera de Tilaran. Paratypes. COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: Abangares, El Dos, 10?22'N, 84054'W, 900 m, 19 Oct. 1986 (fl), Haber & Bello 5996 (CR, MO). Justicia aurantiimutata Hammel & GomezLaurito, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce, Cant6n de Osa, camino nuevo entre Rancho Quemado y Drake, 08?43'N, 83?36'W, 100-350 m, 7 Feb. 1991 (fl, fr), Hammel et al. 18074 (holotype, CR; isotypes, ARIZ, CAS, INB, MO). Figure 2. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.126 on Sat, 24 Sep 2016 04:54:38 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 4, Number 4 1994 G6mez-Laurito & Hammel New Costa Rican Acanthaceae Species

Galipea dasysperma Gomez-Laurito & Q. Jimenez, from the tropical rainforests of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, is described, illustrated, and compared with its closest relatives. The neotropical genus Galipea (Rutaceae-Cuspariinae), comprised of about 10 species, is distributed mainly in northern South America (Elias, 1970; Porter & Elias, 1979; Mabberly, 1987). Galipea trifoliata Aublet, with trifoliolate leaves, reaches the Darien in southern Panama. Galipea granulosa Kallunki, also with trifoliolate leaves, is known from Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and G. panamensis Elias, with unifoliolate leaves, is found in Panama. Two other taxa described from Guatemala and Nicaragua are thought to belong to Angostura Romer & Schultes (Elias, 1970). A fourth species from Central America is herein described as new. Galipea dasysperma G6mez-Laurito & Q. Jimenez, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Peninsula de Osa, Sierpe, camino entre Rancho Quemado y Sierpe, 8?44'10"N, 83?35'30"W, 100 m, 21 jun. 1990, G. Herrera 4228 (holotype, CR; isotypes, F, K, MO, NY, USJ). Figure 1. Galipeae trifoliatae Aublet atque G. jasminifiorae Engler habitu, foliis trifoliolatis etiam inflorescentia corymbosa similis et sine dubio his speciebus proxima; ab eis praecipue corolla longiore marginibus undulatis lobulorum munita, carpellis biseminalibus, seminibus cuneiformibus omnino pubescentibus differt. Shrub or small tree to 6 m high and 12 cm DBH. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate; leaflets entire, glabrous, the venation raised on the upper surface, glandular-dotted, the margins undulate. Terminal leaflet lanceolate, 11-15 cm long, 3.5-4.5 cm wide, acuminate at the tip, basally short-decurrent, with ca. 10 secondary nerves per side. Lateral leaflets lanceolate to ovate, 6-10 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, acuminate at the tip, unequal at the base. Petioles 3.4-5 cm long, semi-terete, canaliculate adaxially, very narrowly winged, glabrous, glandular-dotted with tiny resinous glands. Petiolules 3-10 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence lateral, corymbose, 4-5 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, with 4-8 flowers; peduncles terete, 5-11 cm long, 1 mm diam., the branches 1-2.5 cm long; pedicels 2-5 mm long in flower, glabrous or with few scattered hairs. Calyx campanulate, 4-5 mm long, glandular-dotted, lobes 5, ca. 1 mm long, carinate, tube 2-3 mm long. Corolla 2-2.5 cm long, densely sericeous and glandulardotted without, white to cream color, hirsute within, fragrant, with 5 oblong-ovate lobes 1-1.9 cm long, the margins undulate, acute at the apex; tube 11.2 cm long, narrowed toward the base, straight or slightly curved. Fertile stamens 2, attached near the middle of the tube, filaments ca. 1 cm long; anthers slightly exserted at maturity, oblong, 6 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, acute at the apex, basal appendages minute, flaplike, about 1 mm long; staminodes 56 with pilose filaments, terete, 3-4 mm long, inserted near apex of tube, each with a spherical apical gland. Pollen spheric, granulate, 6.5 ugm diam. Disc cupular, enclosing the ovary. Ovary of 5 free carpels, glabrous, 1 mm long, each with 2 superposed ovules. Style 13 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate. Fruits of 5 mericarps, subglobose, 1.5 cm long, 1.2 cm broad, each axially carinate, dehiscent from the apex to near the middle, glandular-punctate, green when fresh, greenish brown when dry. Seeds 2 per mericarp, cuneate, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, dark brown, pusticulate and pilose with brownish yellow trichomes. Etymology. The epithet refers to the plant's remarkable pubescent seeds. Galipea dasysperma is widely distributed in Costa Rica and Nicaragua in wet and moist forest, on both the Caribbean and Pacific slopes, from 100 to 450 m elevation. It is found in primary and secondary forest associated with Amyris pinnata Kunth NOVON 4: 347-349. 1994. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.180 on Tue, 27 Jun 2017 17:57:14 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Ocotea pharomachrosorum (Lauraceae), of the Ocotea helecterifolia-group from Costa Rica and Panama, is described here. Within the large genus Ocotea Aublet (Lauraceae), this new species belongs to the Ocotea helecterifolia-group. This group contains numerous borderline cases between the genera Ocotea, Nectandra, and Phoebe (Rohwer, 1991; 1992 in litt.). However, its outer tepals are glabrous inside, the inner ones have only a few papillae and the anthers are fleshy and smooth, not papillate, nor hood-shaped; these are all Ocotea-like characters. Although this species was collected for the first time several years ago, the material was insufficient to describe it. This collection was treated by Rohwer (1991) as Ocotea sp. A and by Burger & van der Werff (1991) as "a species of uncertain position." Ocotea pharomachrosorum Gomez-Laurito, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. San Jose: Dota, San Gerardo, Finca de Efrain Chacon, 10?32'20"N, 83?49'05"W, 2,100-2,200 m, 10 feb. 1992, J. Gomez-Laurito, J. A. Lopez, A. Mora & W. Barillas 12160 (holotype, CR; isotypes, F, MO, K, USJ). Figure 1. A speciebus quas Rohwer ad species e turma helecterifolia ascripsit combinatione indumenti densissimi crispati cum basibus foliorum inaequilateralibus et nervis lateralibus utroque 3-5 distinguenda. Trees 8-12 m tall, 30-40 cm D.B.H., trunk straight, terete; bark grayish with transverse lenticels; inner bark yellowish; wood hard. Leafy branchlets densely grayish tomentulous with curled and matted hairs. Leaves alternate, distant; petioles 2.53.5 cm long; lamina 9-19 cm long, 5-7.5 cm broad, narrowly ovate to ovate-elliptic or ovate-oblong, tapering to a short-acuminate apex, obtuse to rounded at the base, the sides of lamina unequal at the base with the sides 2-6 mm distant on the petiole, drying stiffly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, the upper surface glabrous and lustrous but with hairs above the slightly elevated proximal major veins, tertiary venation slightly elevated, lower surface densely yellowish gray or whitish gray tomentulous, the hairs minute (0.1-0.3 mm) and curved, with 3-5 major secondary veins on each side, the basal secondaries often strongly ascending, central secondaries arising at ngles of 35?-500. Young leaves very dense brownish tomentose. Inflorescences solitary and axillary to distal leaves or undeveloped leaves near the shoot tip, paniculate with short lateral branches subtended by conspicuous (4-7 mm) oblong bracts, peduncle, rachis and bracts densely brownish gray omentulous. Flowers white, delicately scented; 6 te als 4-5 mm long, 3 mm wide, externally pubescent, internally scarcely papillose; 9 fertile stamens, 6 outer, 3 inner, subsessile, thick, fleshy, smooth with hairs at base of filaments; glands sessile, 0.6 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Style 1 mm long; stigma capitate. Cup 8-13 mm long, obconic, redtinged. Berry ellipsoid, 3.5 cm long, up to 2 cm wide, green to purple at maturity. This new species and other Lauraceae are an important food source of one of the most beautiful birds in Central America: the resplendent quetzal (Pharomachros mocinno), hence the name. Ocotea pharomachrosorum is easily distinguished by its dense gray tomentum of branchlets and undersides of leaves; unusual long petioles to 3.5 cm long; subcoriaceous leaves with only 3-4 pairs of major veins and sides of the lamina unequal at the base. Moreover, the young leaves and shoots are conspicuously dense brownish tomentose. It is presently known from the Pacific slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica, and adjacent Chiriqui highlands in Panama, from 1,600 to ca. 2,300 m elevation. Paratypes. Same locality as type: Julio Sdnchez s.n. (CR, USJ). PANAMA. CHIRIQUI. Vic. of Boquete, Finca Collins, El Velo, 12 Mar. 1963 (US) Steam et al. 1985. Acknowledgments. I am grateful to William C. Burger (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, U.S.A.) and Jens G. Rohwer (Institut fur Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeografie, Heidelberg, Germany) for critical readings of the manuNOVON 3: 31-33. 1993. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.11 on Mon, 17 Oct 2016 05:33:49 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Frutex vel arbuscula ad 4 m altus omnino glaber ramosus. Folia opposita, lamina lanceolata usque elliptica vel oblanceolata, 7-18 cm longa, 2-9 cm lata, apice acuminata, base angustata usque cuneata, paribus nervorum secundariorum ca. 4-10 regulariter arcuatis, infra elevatis, certeris conspicue reticulatis; petiolis 3-12 mm longis, ca. 2 mm crassis; stipulis succulentis cupuliformibus, deciduis, lingulatis vel ellipticis, 3-10 mm longis, ad apicem fimbriatis fimbriis 0.5 mm longis. Flores solitarii (-3), terminali, odore Gardenia praediti; pedunculis teretibus, 1.5-4 mm longis, ad apicem articulatis, ca. 1 mm crassis; pedicellis 0-28 mm longis, ca. 1 mm crassis, ad apicem articulatis; calyx cupuliformis, 3-13 mm longis, ca. 6 mm diametro, albus, 3-4-lobulatus, lobulis 3-5 mm longis, in fructus persistentibus; corolla alba, salverformis, tubo 5-9 mm longo, 5 mm diametra, lobulis 6, 8-11 mm longis, 2-3 mm crassis, trigonis, carnosis, in tubum gradatim decrescentibus, lobulo calcaris perfecte incurvato apice angusto; stamina 7 in tubo pro parte tertia adnata, filamentis planis, 1 mm longis; antherae anguste oblongae, ca. 3.5 mm longae, basifixae, apiculatae, apiculo 0.4 mm longo; stylus rectus, 11 mm longus, leviter exsertus. Fructus pallido-viridis, demum albus, 1.2-2 cm longus, 1014 mm diametro.

With the exception of some collections made a century ago by Henri Pittier and Adolfo Tonduz, the entire Carribean slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca of Costa Rica has remained relatively unknown bo