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Bakgrunn: Det gjennomføres få systematiske undersøkelser om pasientenes tilfredshet med tilbudet i barne- og ungdomspsykiatrien (BUP). Hos Folkehelseinstituttet nner vi mange undersøkelser fra somatikken og en god del fra voksenpsykiatrien (VOP), men nesten ingen fra BUP. I tillegg er det mangel på pasientenes perspektiv da det oftest er foreldrene som er blitt spurt. Hensikt: Hensikten med studien er økt kunnskap om brukertilfredshet i BUP. Vi ville også nne ut om det er noen sammenheng mellom brukertilfredshet i BUP og egenrapportert helse, økonomi, utdanningsnivå, avbrutt utdanning og/eller uførhet i ung voksen alder. Metode: Dataene til studien vår er hentet fra Helseundersøkelsen i BUP-klinikk ved St. Olavs hospital, som var en longitudinell kohortstudie med tre måletidspunkter. Ved det første tidspunktet deltok 717 ungdommer på 13–18 år i undersøkelsen, hvorav 650 unike ungdommer svarte på spørsmål om brukertilfredshet ved minst ett av tre måletidspunkter. Resultat: Brukertilfredsheten synker over tid, og gruppen med aektive lidelser har størst fall i tilfredshet. Ungdommene som rapporterte om høy brukertilfredshet, rapporterte også om bedre helse, bedre økonomi, høyere utdanningsnivå og færre avbrudd i en påbegynt utdanning. Sannsynligheten for å motta hel uføretrygd i ung voksen alder er imidlertid uavhengig av hvor tilfreds de var med det tilbudet de kk i BUP. Konklusjon: Ungdommer som er lite tilfreds med tilbudet de får i BUP, strever på mange livsarenaer som unge voksne. Det kan gi varige følger for deltakelsen i arbeids- og samfunnslivet og bidra til økt utenforskap og segregering i samfunnet. Det er nødvendig med mer kunnskap om hvordan vi kan hjelpe denne gruppen ungdommer. En god start vil være å innføre systematiske målinger av brukertilfredshet i BUP, slik Grøvli-utvalget foreslo for ti år siden. Brukertilfredshet i BUP fra ungdom til voksen

The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of self-esteem in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over time. The study has a qualitative retrospective design. We drew on data from a broader qualitative retrospective study that explored adolescents’ experiences living with ADHD. From the data of eight adolescents, we performed a narrative analysis to explore the phenomenon of self-esteem. The three narratives of adolescents with ADHD reflect (a) using their strength to overcome difficulties, (b) access to arenas for coping and achievements, and (c) being surrounding by significant others. From a resilience perspective, this study shows that adolescents can develop positive self-esteem through transformative processes sustained by protective factors. These factors are essential to promote positive self-esteem from adolescence into adulthood. We suggest that professionals working with adolescents with ADHD focus beyond their deficits and notice adolescence’s strengths when supporting them in school and everyday life.

This cohort study examines the association between preterm birth and psychotropic drug prescriptions during adolescence and young adulthood., Key Points Question Do adolescents and young adults who were born preterm receive more prescriptions of psychotropic drugs compared with those who were born full term? Findings In this cohort study in Norway of 505 030 individuals followed up from ages 10 to 23 years, all degrees of preterm birth were associated with higher rates of prescription of psychotropic drugs during adolescence and young adulthood compared with those born at term. Meaning These findings provide further evidence for increased risk of mental health impairment among individuals born preterm., Importance Individuals born preterm have increased risk of mental health impairment compared with individuals born at term. The associations between preterm birth and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism are well established; for depression, anxiety, psychotic and bipolar disorder, studies show divergent results. Objective To compare the prescription of psychotropic drugs in adolescence and young adulthood between those born preterm and those born at term. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used registry data to identify all Norwegians born after 23 weeks of completed gestation between 1989 and 1998. Included individuals were those without registered birth defects, alive at age 10 years, and with available maternal data. Individuals were followed up from 2004 to 2016. Psychotropic drug prescriptions received from age 10 to 23 years were compared between preterm groups and peers born at term. Individuals were compared with their siblings to control for shared family confounding. Data analyses were performed from August 2018 through February 2020. Exposures Gestational age at birth (GA) was categorized in 4 groups: extremely preterm (GA, 23 weeks and 0 days to 27 weeks and 6 days), very preterm (GA, 28 weeks and 0 days to 31 weeks and 6 days), moderately or late preterm (GA, 32 weeks and 0 days to 36 weeks and 6 days), and full term (GA, 37 weeks and 0 days to 44 weeks and 6 days). Main Outcomes and Measures Prescriptions of psychotropic drugs (ie, prescriptions specifically of psychostimulants, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics or sedatives, or antipsychotics or prescriptions of any of these 5 drugs) among preterm groups were compared with prescriptions among peers born at term and among siblings. Results Among 505 030 individuals (259 545 [51.4%] males; mean [SD] birth weight, 3533 [580] g), 762 individuals (0.2%) were extremely preterm, 2907 individuals (0.6%) were very preterm, 25 988 individuals (5.1%) were moderately or late preterm, and 475 373 individuals (94.1%) were full term. Individuals born preterm had increased risk of psychotropic drug prescription, with a dose-response association between GA and prescription. The extremely preterm group had higher rates of prescription for all drug types compared with peers born at term, with odds ratios from 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4-2.1) for antidepressants to 2.7 (95% CI, 2.1-3.4) for psychostimulants. The elevated odds of prescription of all types were less pronounced in the moderately to late preterm group, including odds ratios of 1.1 (95% CI, 1.0-1.1) for antidepressants and 1.2 (95% CI, 1.1-1.2) for psychostimulants. The increases in odds were smaller in the sibling comparison, and increases were not significant for several groups. For example, the OR for any prescription in the sibling analysis was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.8) in the very preterm group and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.9-1.1) in the moderately or late preterm group. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found higher rates of prescription of psychotropic drugs throughout adolescence and young adulthood among individuals with all degrees of preterm birth compared with those born at term. These results provide further evidence for an increased risk of mental health impairment among individuals born preterm and suggest that this is not restricted to the most preterm groups.

OBJECTIVE: ADHD is a disorder associated with impairment and comorbid psychiatric problems in young adulthood; therefore, factors that may imply a more favorable outcome among adolescents with ADHD are of interest.METHOD: This study used a longitudinal design to assess whether adolescent personal resilience characteristics during adolescence protected against psychosocial impairment, depression, and anxiety 3 years later. Self-reported protective factors were used as baseline measures in the assessment of 190 clinically referred adolescents with ADHD. A semi-structured diagnostic interview was performed at the follow-up.RESULTS: In a group of youth with ADHD, personal resilience characteristics were associated with better psychosocial functioning in young adulthood, and less depression and anxiety.CONCLUSION: Although further research is needed, these results indicate that personal resilience characteristics may be protective factors in the transitional period from adolescence to early adulthood.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the role of protective factors as mediators and/or moderators of the relationship between coexisting emotional and conduct problems and quality of life (QoL) among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The sample consisted of 194 adolescents with ADHD. Participants completed measures of individual competencies, family cohesion and social support, and QoL. Coexisting emotional and conduct problems were assessed using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: Individual competencies and social support mediated the association between emotional and conduct problems and QoL. Family cohesion was associated with both emotional and conduct problems. No moderating effects of protective factors and coexisting problems were found. Conclusions: The assessment of individual competencies, social resources, and family cohesion may identify potential treatment goals for adolescents with ADHD and coexisting problems, and may contribute to improvements in QoL. Keywords: ADHD, Adolescence, Coexisting problems, Protective factors, QoL. © 2015 Schei et al.; licensee BioMed Central. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of self-reported emotional and conduct problems on family functioning and quality of life (QoL) among adolescents with ADHD. Method: The ADHD group ( N = 194) was divided into the following groups: without additional emotional or conduct problems, with emotional problems, with conduct problems, and with both problem types. The cross-sectional study included parent and adolescent reports. Results: Adolescents with ADHD and both problem types reported significantly lower QoL and family functioning than all other ADHD groups. Parents reported better QoL for the ADHD group without additional problems, but similar family functioning for all groups. Conclusion: A higher level of coexisting psychiatric problems had a significant impact on adolescents’ reports of family functioning and QoL. However, coexisting problems showed no association with parent reports of family functioning. Adolescents with ADHD might add important information in clinical assessment.