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Aim: To develop a liquid formulation based on Bacillus subtilis-34 using rice to evaluate the shelf life under refrigerated and room conditions and to evaluate the effect of different addition times of the formulation on the control of Meloidogyne javanica and growth of lettuce plants. Statistical Design: The design was completely randomized, with five treatments and eight replicates. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott Knott test with 5% error probability. Location and Duration of the Experiment: The experiment was set up during the period from 02/13/2018 to 03/20/2018 in a greenhouse located at the State University of Montes Claros, municipality of Janaúba, MG, Brazil. Methodology: Treatments consisted of drench in the substrate of tubes at 8 and 15 days; drench in the substrate of tubes at 8 and 15 days and in pot at 25 and 35 days; irrigation in pot only at 25 and 35 days after transplanting and 2 controls (Onix® and absolute control). All pots with plants were inoculated with 5000 nematode eggs. At 45 days of transplanting, the following nematological variables were evaluated: number of galls, number of egg mass, number of eggs per gram and reproduction factor, and agronomic variables fresh and dry biomass. Results: Additions in the tube and pot and in the pot only were efficient for the reduction in the reproduction of M. javanica and for the improvement of lettuce plant growth. Conclusion: B. subtilis-34 remains viable until 9 months in formulation stored under the refrigerator and up to 7 months under room conditions.

Objective: To evaluate under controlled conditions the effect of alternative liquid Bacillus subtilis isolate 34 formulation on Meloidogyne javanica and tomato growth promotion. Statistical Design: The design was completely randomized block with five treatments and eight replicates. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and the averages compared by the Tukey test with 5% error probability. The statistical package used in the analysis of the data was the program "Sisvar" Location and Duration of the Experiment: The experiment was set up during the period from February 13, 2018 to April 20, 2018 in greenhouse located at the State University of Montes Claros, municipality of Janaúba, MG, Brazil. Methods: Treatments consisted of different times of application of bacteria in tomato seedlings: application of bacteria in the tube at eight and fifteen days after emergence; application of bacteria in the tube at eight and fifteen days after emergence and in pots at 25 and 35 days after transplanting; application of bacteria at 25 and 35 days after transplantation in the pot; Onix® commercial product (Bacillus methylotrophicus-UFPEDA20) and control. After 60 days of transplanting, the number of egg masses, number of galls, number of eggs, number of second-stage juveniles (J2) and reproduction factor, height, fresh and dry shoot mass and fresh root mass of tomato plants were evaluated. Results: There was a reduction in the number of J2, eggs pre root, and eggs per gram of root when the bacteria formulation was applied in the tube + pot and in pot only. The application of the bacteria in the tube + pot and in only pot only presents the highest increase of fresh and dry shoot mass and fresh root mass. Conclusion: The application of the liquid B. subtilis isolated 34 formulation to the soil in the pot and tube + pot reduced the reproduction of M. javanica and promoted greater tomato development.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are responsible for various significant crop losses, which require taking integrated control measures. The present study aimed to identify a possible sustainable approach to the management of Meloidogyne javanica in vegetable crops using an organic compound based on pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit residues. A pot experiment was conducted using cultivars of tomato and lettuce susceptible to M. javanica, with three amendments including inorganic fertiliser, cattle manure and five doses of organic compost with pequi residues. All treatments were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. javanica to simulate the root-knot nematode disease in field conditions. Increasing doses of organic compost with pequi residues from 5 kg m-3 to 30 kg m-3 promoted a significant decrease in the nematode population in both cultures evaluated. Organic compost (30 kg m-3) reduced the numbers of galls and eggs of M. javanica by 41.6 and 46.5% in tomato roots, and by 80.3 and 59.2% in lettuce roots, respectively, compared with non-treated control. Organic compost also increased crop development considerably. In general, there was a 43.0% increase in plant development compared to non-treated control. Hence, organic compost of pequi residues could be an alternative to toxic chemical nematicides and recommended as eco-friendly management of M. javanica in vegetable crops. Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) Department of Plant Pathology, Lavras - MG Montes Claros State University (Unimontes) Center of Agricultural Sciences, Janaúba - MG São Paulo State University (UNESP/FCA) Department of Plant Protection, Botucatu - SP São Paulo State University (UNESP/FCA) Department of Plant Protection, Botucatu - SP

Os nematoides do genero Meloidogyne sao responsaveis por perdas elevadas no pepineiro em campo e cultivo protegido. Devido a ausencia de cultivares resistentes, o uso de silicato de calcio pode ser uma alternativa para o controle dos nematoides. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiencia de diferentes doses de silicato de calcio em solo de textura arenosa e argilosa no controle de M. javanica em pepineiro. Para a avaliacao do efeito das doses de silicato de calcio no controle de M. javanica em pepino de conserva em solo arenoso foram avaliadas quatro doses de silicato de calcio, 0 (testemunha), 1: 0,5g.kg -1 , 2: 0,8g.kg -1 , 3:1,1g.kg -1 de solo. Para a avaliacao em solo argiloso utilizou-se as seguintes doses: 0 (testemunha), 0,2 g.kg -1 , 0,5 g. kg -1 , 0,8 g.kg -1 . O delineamento estatistico foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repeticoes e cada repeticao composta por dois vasos, para os dois ensaios. Com relacao ao numero de juvenis de segundo estadio (J2) por 100 cm3 de solo no ensaio realizado em solo arenoso constatou-se reducao de 74,29% na dose de 1,1g/kg de solo quando comparado a testemunha. No ensaio em solo argiloso foi observado efeito significativo das doses de silicato de calcio na reducao do numero de ovos. Nao houve efeito sobre o desenvolvimento da planta.

The umbuzeiro is a native Brazilian semi-arid plant with great agroindustrial potential. The characterization of the fruit, as well as the development or improvement of technologies for value aggregation are fundamental for its conservation, dissemination and culinary expansion. The objective was to characterize physically and chemically fruits of umbu and to define the access with greater commercial potential. A completely randomized design was used, with 10 replications, in a total of 4 accessions of umbuzeiro. The fruits were selected prioritizing uniformity of fruit size and maturation stage. Fruit peel color was analyzed; diameter and length; mass of the fruit, the bark, the pulp and the seed; firmness of the fruit, soluble solids contents; pH; titratable acidity and solids/acidity ratio. The values of the pulp yield and the technological index were determined. Significance was verified for all variables, except for soluble solids and pH. The average value of the titratable acidity was 1.3 mg of citric acid 100 mL-1 of juice. The diameter of the fruits varied between 4.0 and 4.5 cm. Fruit mass varied from 33.00 to 43.62 g and access to EPAMIG-C06 was the heaviest. The accesses EPAMIG-C06 and EPAMIG-C18 presented the highest technological index. Based on the results, it was concluded that the accesses present potential to the pulp industry due to the size and characteristics of the fruits. The umbu accesses under study presented small variation for solubility and pH. For in natura consumption and/or processing, the access EPAMIG-C06 stands out due to attributes of commercial interest.

RESUMO: Agentes de controle biológico associados com matéria orgânica é uma estratégia que pode potencializar o controle dos nematoides-das-galhas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de materiais orgânicos e rizobactérias sobre Meloidogyne javanica em tomateiro. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x2+1, sendo quatro materiais orgânicos (turfa, biofertilizante, esterco bovino e composto orgânico de casca de pequi), dois isolados de rizobactérias (Bacillus pumilus -1 e B. pumilus - 76) e adubação mineral (tratamento adicional), com oito repetições. Mudas de tomateiro foram transplantadas para vasos contendo solo arenoso, ao qual incorporaram-se os diferentes materiais orgânicos. As suspensões das rizobactérias (OD 540=0,5) foram aplicadas ao solo via rega. O solo de cada vaso foi infestado com aproximadamente 3000 ovos e eventuais juvenis de segundo estádio de M. javanica. Todos os materiais orgânicos associados às rizobactérias reduziram o número de galhas e massas de ovos de M. javanica em comparação à adubação mineral. Já o número de juvenis (J2) foi menor nas combinações pequi + B. pumilus-1 e B. pumilus-76 e turfa + B. pumilus-1. O número de ovos e o fator de reprodução foram influenciados pela interação entre as rizobactérias e os compostos. Para o composto de pequi, B. pumilus-1 promoveu menor número de ovos por grama de raiz, enquanto para turfa, B. pumilus-76 foi a mais eficiente. Para o fator de reprodução, apenas o esterco foi influenciado pela bactéria, sendo que B. pumilus-1 foi a que proporcionou menor capacidade reprodutiva do nematoide. ABSTRACT: Biological control agents associated with organic matter is a strategy that can enhance the control of root-knot nematode. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic materials and rhizobacteria on Meloidogyne javanica on tomato. We used the randomized block design, in a 4x2+1 factorial scheme, four organic materials (peat, bio-fertilizer, manure and organic compound of pequi hulls), two isolates of rhizobacteria (Bacillus pumilus-1 and B. pumilus-76) and mineral fertilization alone (additional treatment), with eight replications. Tomato seedlings were transplanted to pots containing sandy soil, in which the different organic materials were incorporated. Suspensions of rhizobacteria (OD 540=0,5) were applied to soil by means of irrigation. The soil in each pot was infested with approximately 3,000 eggs and eventual second stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. All organic materials associated with rhizobacteria reduced the number of galls and masses of M. javanica eggs compared to mineral fertilizer. The number of juveniles (J2) was lower in combinations pequi + B. pumilus-1 and B. pumilus-76 and peat + B. pumilus-1. The number of eggs and the reproduction factor were influenced by the interaction between rhizobacteria and organic materials. For the compound of pequi, B. pumilus-1 produced a lower number of eggs per gram of root, while for peat, B. pumilus-76 was the most efficient. For the reproduction factor, only the manure was influenced by the bacterium, and B. pumilus-1 was the one that provided lower reproductive capacity of the nematode.

The effects of treating seeds of the common bean with rhizobacteria before sowing associated with different nitrogen (N) doses on the control of the nematode Meloidogyne javanica was evaluated. The assay was carried out in a greenhouse in random blocks, with a factorial arrangement of 5 × 5 + 1: five N doses (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 kg/ha); five isolates: Bacillus pumilus (1, 60 and 76), Bacillus subtilis.-34, Bacillus sp.-36, and one control treatment. The plants were inoculated with 3,000 nematode eggs/pot. After 60 days the assay was evaluated. In the absence of N, B. pumilus-60 promoted a reduction of more than 50% in the number of galls and egg masses compared to the control. B. pumilus (1 and 76) and Bacillus sp.-36 reduced the number of galls in combination with increased N doses. Treatment of seeds with Bacillus in combination with N fertilization contributed to a reduction in the number of galls and nematode egg masses. B. pumilus (60 and 76) reduced the number of galls and egg masses in the absence of N, indicating a nematicidal effect. The treatments had no effect on the number of second-stage juveniles, eggs, or the plant parameters.

Pequi waste added to soil can lead to promising results in the management of plant nematodes. This study evaluated the effect of organic compost of pequi fruit waste in the control of Meloidogyne javanica in okra plants. The compost was comprised of cattle manure, sugarcane straw, and pequi rind waste in the ratio 1:1:1. Treatments were five doses of organic compost (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 g dm-3) and two additional controls: manure (20 g dm-3) and mineral fertilizer (100 mg dm-3 of N), arranged in randomized block design with 10 repetitions. Different treatments were incorporated into pots containing 3 dm-3 of sandy soil infested with 5,000 eggs of M. javanica. Seedlings were transplanted five days later, and evaluated after 60 days of transplanting. Organic compost with pequi waste incorporated to soil increased shoot dry weight and root weight, and reduced the number of egg masses, galls and eggs of M. javanica per gram of root, and reproduction factor. Doses of 20 and 30 g dm-3 increased plant development and reduced the reproductivity of M. javanica compared to mineral fertilizer.

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se quantificar a produção de matéria seca e os conteúdos de B, Ca e Mg na cultura da soja cultivada em solos com diferentes texturas que receberam doses crescentes de B e calagem, e correlacionar o conteúdo de B absorvido pela planta com o teor de B recuperado com água e CaCl2 ferventes sob influência de doses de boro e a calagem aplicadas em três solos distintos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 6, consistindo de três solos: textura arenosa (RQ), textura média (LVA1) e textura argilosa (LVA2), com e sem calagem, e seis doses de B (0; 1,5; 3; 6; 9 e 15 mg dm-3), em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Determinou-se o teor de B no solo extraível com água e CaCl2 ferventes após 45 dias da adição das doses de B aos solos, massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e os teores de B, Ca e Mg na soja. Os teores de B recuperado, tanto pela água fervente, quanto pelo CaCl2 fervente foram semelhantes nos três solos estudados e, apresentaram altas correlações com o conteúdo de B e o peso de matéria seca. As doses de B adicionadas aumentaram a sua absorção pelas plantas, mas causaram redução na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea nos solos RQ (textura arenosa), LVA1 (textura média) e o LVA2 (textura argilosa) com calagem, neste último solo, o efeito é minimizado na presença de maior teor de argila. This work aimed to quantify the dry matter production and the contents of B, Ca and Mg in soybean plants grown in soils with different textures, which received increasing doses of B, and liming. Additionally, it was correlated the B contents in the plants with the B recovered from the soil with boiling water and CaCl2. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a factorial 3 x 2 x 6 (three soils: sand texture (RQ), loamy sand (LVA1) and clayey (LVA2) textures; with and without liming; and six B doses: 0; 1,5; 3; 6; 9 and 15 mg dm- 3 ) arranged in a entirely randomized block design with three replications. It was determined the soil B extracted with boiling water and CaCl2 45 days after the addition of the B doses to the soil. The shoots dry matter weight and theer B contents in the soybean plants were determined. The mean concentrations of B recovered by both boiling water and boiling CaCl2 were similar for the three soils and were highly correlated with the B contents in the plants and with the dry matter production. The B doses added increased B concentration in the plants, but they decreased dry matter production in the RQ soil, and in the LVA1 and LVA2 soils with liming. The detrimental effect of high B in the dry matter production was lowered in the soils with higher clay and organic matter concentrations.

O fósforo é primordial para as plantas forrageiras enquanto a adubação combinada com fontes fosfatadas reativas e naturais podem aumentar a qualidade e a produção do capim Piatã. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção e a relação entre os componentes do capim Piatã submetido a diferentes combinações de fosfato reativo e natural. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação sob blocos casualizados, com sete repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro combinações de fontes de fosfato reativo e natural (equivalente a 70 kg ha-1 de P2O5): ausência de adubação fosfatada (controle); adubação com fosfato natural reativo Argélia; adubação com 50% de fosfato natural reativo Argélia e 50% de superfosfato simples e adubação com superfosfato simples. O capim Piatã foi cultivado durante três cortes para caracterização da produção de matéria seca de perfilhos, folhas, pseudocolmo, raízes e relações entre folha/pseudocolmo e parte aérea/raiz. A adubação fosfatada, independentemente da fonte, propiciou incremento na produção da matéria seca das folhas, pseudocolmo e da parte aérea do capim Piatã nos segundo e terceiro cortes avaliativos e na média dos cortes, indicando aumento da produção de forragem. Phosphorus is essential for forage crops and fertilization combined with reactive and natural sources of phosphorus can increase the quality and yield of Piata grass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and the relationship between the components of Piata grass subjected to different combinations of reactive and rock phosphate. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design with seven replications. Treatments consisted of four combinations of sources and reactive phosphate rock (equivalent to 70 kg ha-1 of P2O5): absence of phosphate fertilizer (control); fertilization with Algeria reactive rock phosphate; fertilization with 50% of Algeria reactive rock phosphate and 50% fertilization with single superphosphate and single superphosphate fertilization. The Piata grass was grown for three cuttings for characterization of dry matter production of tillers, leaves, pseudostem, relations between roots and leaf/pseudostem and shoot/root part. Phosphorus fertilization, regardless of the source, provided an increment in the production of dry matter of leaves, pseudostem and shoots of Piata grass in the second and third cuttings of evaluation and on the average, indicating increased forage production.

As informações referentes às taxas de recuperação do boro pelo extrator em razão das doses adicionadas são escassas e necessárias para os sistemas de recomendação de adubação e corretivos. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de determinar as taxas de recuperação desse nutriente com água fervente e CaCl2 fervente em solos dos Estados da Bahia e Minas Gerais, na ausência e na presença de calagem. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, utilizando tratamentos em esquema fatorial (6 × 2 + 9) × 6, correspondendo a seis solos com e sem calagem, nove solos sem calagem e seis doses de B. Utilizaram-se blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por 0,6 dm3 de solo. A calagem foi calculada com base na análise de solo, seguindo a recomendação de calagem usada para o Estado de Minas Gerais. Após 15 dias de incubação, os solos receberam doses de B (0,0; 1,5; 3,0; 6,0; 9,0; e 15 mg dm-3), fazendo-se uma nova incubação por um período de 45 dias. Usou-se ácido bórico como fonte de B. Terminada a incubação, o teor de B disponível foi extraído com água fervente e CaCl2 5 mmol L-1 fervente, sendo a dosagem feita com azometina-H. Foram feitas análises de regressão e correlação para as diversas variáveis. O B extraído do solo com água fervente e o CaCl2 fervente, independentemente da calagem, aumentou linearmente com a elevação das doses aplicadas desse nutriente aos solos. Os extratores água fervente e o CaCl2fervente não são sensíveis à calagem. As taxas de recuperação de B dos solos pelos extratores usados variam de acordo com os teores de matéria orgânica, a quantidade e qualidade de argila e pelo equivalente de umidade. Os extratores utilizados foram altamente correlacionados entre si na extração do B do solo. Information on rates of nutrient recovery by extractants as a function of added doses of the nutrients is scarce, yet necessary for fertilization and liming recommendation systems. The aim of this study was to determine boron recovery rates by boiling water and boiling CaCl2, with and without liming, in soils of the States of Bahia and Minas Gerais, Brazil. We set up three experiments under greenhouse conditions using a (6 × 2 + 9) × 6 factorial arrangement, consisting of six soils with and without liming, nine soils without liming, and six application rates of B. A randomized block design was used, with three replicates. Experimental units consisted of 0.6 dm3 of soil. We calculated the liming rate based on soil analysis, following the recommendation for the State of Minas Gerais. After 15 days of incubation, the soils received different application rates of B (0, 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 15 mg dm-3); they then underwent an additional 45-day incubation period. Boric acid (H3BO3) was the B source. After incubation, available B contents were extracted by boiling water and boiling 5 mmol L-1CaCl2. Azomethine-H reagent was used for B detection. Regression and correlation analyses for the variables were carried out. The B extracted from the soil by boiling water and boiling CaCl2, regardless of liming, increases in a linear manner with the increase in the application rates of this nutrient in the soils. The boiling water and boiling CaCl2extractants proved not to be sensitive to liming. Rather, the rates of B recovered from the soils by the extractants used vary according to organic matter content, clay quantity and quality, and the moisture equivalent. The extractants used had high correlation in extraction of B from the soil.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de compostos orgânicos no controle de Meloidogyne javanica, e no desenvolvimento de mudas de bananeiras 'Prata-Anã. O experimento foi conduzido em DIC, com dez repetições, e os tratamentos consistiram em quatro compostos constituídos de diferentes matérias-primas (restos da cultura da banana, cana-de-açúcar, esterco bovino, cascas de banana, plantas daninhas, capim andropogon), o esterco bovino, a torta de mamona e testemunhas (adubação mineral), carbofuran e testemunha absoluta (sem adição de composto orgânico). Em cada vaso, foram colocados 3 kg de solo autoclavado, incorporado com cada um dos tratamentos avaliados e inoculado com suspensão contendo 4.000 ovos de M. javanica. Após quatro dias, transplantou-se uma muda de bananeira 'Prata-Anã' micropropagada, e aos 60 dias, avaliaram-se: altura das plantas, diâmetro, número de folhas e peso de matéria seca da parte aérea, e número de galhas, massas de ovos, número de ovos e o número de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2), por 100 cm³ de solo. Testou-se in vitro o efeito das frações húmicas dos quatro compostos (que não causaram fitotoxidez) e esterco bovino sobre a mortalidade e motilidade de J2 de M. javanica. O ensaio foi montado em placas de ELISA em DIC, com cinco repetições. Os compostos orgânicos e o esterco bovino aumentaram o desenvolvimento das mudas. A torta de mamona provocou efeito fitotóxico às mudas. Menor número de variáveis nematológicas foi proporcionado pela torta de mamona e pelo carbofuran. O número de J2 também foi menor nas parcelas tratadas com carbofuran e também pelo Composto 3, constituído por plantas daninhas+restos de cana-de-açúcar+ esterco bovino e pelo adubo mineral. Para o teste in vitro, as substâncias húmicas conferiram efeito nematicida e nematostático. Dentre os compostos, o C3 mostrou-se promissor por reduzir o desenvolvimento do nematoides e não apresentar efeito fitotóxico. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic compounds in the control of Meloidogyne javanica, and in the development of 'Prata-Anã' banana seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with ten replicates, and treatments consisted of four compounds made from different raw materials (remnants of bananas crop, sugar cane, cattle manure, banana skins, weeds, Andropogon grass), the manure, the castor bean cake, and controls (mineral fertilizer; 'carbofuran' and absolute control (no added organic compounds). It was placed in each pot 3 kg of soil, autoclaved, mixed with each one of the treatments and inoculated with a suspension containing 4,000 eggs of M. javanica. After four days one 'Prata-Anã' micropropagated seedling was transplanted and at 60 days it was evaluated: plant height, diameter, number of leaves, dry matter weight of shoots, number of galls, egg masses, number of eggs and the number of second-stage juveniles (J2) per 100 cm³ of soil. It was tested in vitro the effect of humic fractions of the four compounds (which did not cause phytotoxicity) and cattle manure on mortality and motility of J2 of M. javanica. The essay was set on ELISA plates in a completely randomized design with five replications. Organic compounds and manure increased the growth of plantlets. The castor bean cake caused phytotoxic effect on the seedlings. Less number of nematological variables was provided by the castor bean cake and by the 'carbofuran'. The number of J2 was also lower in plots treated with 'carbofuran' and also by the Compound 3 constituted of weed + sugar cane residues + cattle manure and by the mineral fertilizer. For the in vitro test, the humic substances presented nematicide and nematostatic effects. Among the compounds, the C3 showed itself promise for reducing the development of the nematode and for not present phytotoxic effect.

Os murundus são micro-relevos muito comuns na região do Vale do Gorutuba. A sua presença desvaloriza a terra e indica solos de fertilidade inferior. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar física e quimicamente os murundus localizados na região do Vale do Gorutuba, nos municípios de Janaúba e Nova Porteirinha, Minas Gerais. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro áreas sob vegetação de mata nativa, para cada uma das áreas foram determinadas as coordenadas geográficas, altitude, altura, diâmetro e distância entre murundus vizinhos. Os solos foram amostrados nas camadas de 0-20, 20-40 e de 40-60 cm, nas porções de topo e entre os murundus. Nessas amostras foram efetuadas análises textural, matéria orgânica, pH, Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Al e H+A. Os resultados mostraram que os solos das áreas estudadas apresentaram características físicas e químicas diferentes, estas diferenças podem ser atribuídas ao material de origem. A fertilidade de solo foi superior na P4, em relação às demais áreas estudadas, e isto provavelmente se explica pelos seus murundus, de cor vermelha, originarem-se de material calcário sendo, assim, mais férteis. Portanto, a destruição de murundus e incorporação de solo ao cultivo tende a propiciar resultados mais satisfatórios na P4, uma vez que a superioridade das propriedades químicas do solo é compatível com um menor gasto de adubação, o que pode aumentar a lucratividade da atividade agrícola. Os materiais de origem das outras áreas são siltitos, contendo baixos teores de nutrientes, formando murundus com baixa fertilidade.Palavras-chave: solos, fertilidade, manejo do solo ABSTRACT: PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MICRO RELIEF OF LITTLE HILLS "MURUNDUS" IN THE REGION OF JANAÚBA, NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS. Murundus is very common micro relives in the Vale do Gorutuba region. Its presence devaluates the land and indicates soil of inferior fertility. The present research aimed to characterize physically and chemically murundus in the Vale do Gorutuba region, in Janaúba and Nova Porteirinha counties. The study was carried out in four areas under vegetation of native forest, determining for each one the geographic coordinates, altitude, height, diameter and distance between murundus. The soil samples were collected at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, in the portions of top and between murundus. Texture, organic substance, pH, Ca, Mg, K, In, P, Al and H+Al were analyzed. For the results, the soil of the studied areas presented different physical and chemical characteristics, being attributed these differences to the origin material. The soil fertility was superior in P4, in relation to the other studied areas, and this probably justifies for its murundus, from red color, from limy material being, thus, more fertile. Therefore, the destruction of murundus and incorporation of soil to the culture tends to propitiate response more satisfactory in P4, because the superiority of the chemical properties of the soil is compatible with a lesser expense of fertilization, what can increase the profitability of the agricultural activity. The materials of origin of the other areas are siltitos, contend low content of nutrients, forming murundus with low fertility.Keywords: soil, fertility, soil management

Determinou-se o rendimento forrageiro no estabelecimento do capim marandu submetido a diferentes fontes de fósforo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Janaúba (MG). O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e sete blocos, totalizando 28 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos avaliados no cultivo da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu foram: ausência de adubação fosfatada (testemunha); aplicação do fosfato natural reativo Argélia (FN); aplicação da mistura de 50% de fosfato natural reativo Argélia e 50% de superfosfato simples (SS); e aplicação do superfostato simples. Em todos os tratamentos foram aplicadas doses equivalentes a 70 kg ha-1 de P2O5. A adubação com fósforo utilizando fosfato natural reativo Argélia, superfosfato simples ou a associação de ambos, incrementa de maneira similar a produção de matéria seca de raízes e a altura do capim marandu em relação ao tratamento em que não se fez adubação com fósforo. A adubação com fósforo incrementa a produção de matéria seca do pseudocolmo, sem, contudo, influenciar o número e peso de perfilhos, bem como a produção de matéria seca total da parte aérea.

Elevadas concentrações de metais pesados no solo podem comprometer o crescimento das plantas. Uma alternativa para diminuir a disponibilidade de metais pesados no solo e minimizar os seus efeitos é a utilização de resíduo pirolisado, denominado biocarvão. Neste estudo, biocarvões de lodo de esgoto (BLE) e de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BBC) foram caracterizados e testados quanto à capacidade de diminuir a toxicidade de do alumínio e do cádmio na germinação de sementes de Sorghum bicolor L. Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG, campus Montes Claros-MG. Para cada um deles, adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em fatorial 5X2, sendo 5 doses (0; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4 mmol L-1) do contaminante e 2 condições (com e sem o biocarvão), com 7 repetições. Cada tratamento foi composto por unidades experimentais montadas com placas de Petri (10 cm) de diâmetro, contendo papel germitest, 5ml da solução do metal e 10 sementes de sorgo. As placas de Petri foram fechadas com plástico filme e mantidas em câmara de germinação tipo B.O.D com temperatura de 25±1ºC, na ausência de luz por 10 dias. No quarto dia, foram realizadas as avaliações: velocidade de germinação, percentagem de germinação e plântulas normais. No décimo dia, avaliaram-se os comprimentos e massas secas de raízes e de parte aérea. A caracterização dos biocarvões indicou maiores valores de pH e CTC para o BLE, condições favoráveis para a retenção do alumínio e cádmio no meio de cultivo. Os biocarvões não apresentaram efeito sobre a velocidade e percentual de germinação das sementes na presença dos metais, no entanto o Al apresentou maior toxicidade para as plântulas. A adição dos biocarvões, nos meios de cultivo, proporcionou maior sobrevivência e crescimento das plântulas de sorgo, embora o BLE tenha sido mais eficiente no processo de remediação dos metais. High concentrations of heavy metals in the soil can compromise plant growth. An alternative to reduce the availability of heavy metals in the soil and to minimize their effects is the use of pyrolyzed residue, called biochar. In this study, sewage sludge biochar (BLE) and sugarcane bagasse (BBC) were characterized and tested for the ability to reduce the toxicity of aluminum and cadmium in seed germination of Sorghum bicolor L. Four experiments were conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Institute of Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros-MG campus. For each of them, the completely randomized design was adopted (DIC), in factorial 5X2, being 5 doses (0; 0,5; 1; 2 and 4 mmol L-1) of the contaminant and 2 conditions (with and without the biochar), with 7 replicates. Each treatment was consisted of experimental units assembled with Petri plates (10 cm) in diameter, containing germitest paper, 5 ml of the metal solution and 10 seeds of sorghum. The Petri plates were closed with plastic film and kept in the germination chamber type B.O.D with temperature of 25±1ºC, in the absence of light for 10 days. On the fourth day, the evaluations were carried out: germination speed, percentage of germination and normal seedlings. On the tenth day, the lengths and dry masses of roots and shoot were evaluated. The characterization of the biochars indicated higher values of pH and CTC for BLE, favorable conditions for the retention of aluminum and cadmium in the culture medium. The biocharcoal had no effect on the speed and percentage of germination of the seeds in the presence of metals, however, the Al presented higher toxicity to the seedlings. The addition of biochar, in the culture media, provided greater survival and growth of sorghum seedlings, although the BLE was more efficient in the metals remediation process.