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Resumen Introduccion El textbook outcome (TO), o resultado de libro, es una medida multidimensional para evaluar la calidad de la practica asistencial. Esta viene reflejada como el resultado quirurgico «ideal», atendiendo a una serie de indicadores o puntos de referencia establecidos que se adaptan en funcion de la patologia quirurgica que queramos analizar. Son pocas las referencias bibliograficas y las series publicadas al respecto, todas ellas muy recientes. Objetivo Valorar el grado de cumplimiento del TO y su impacto sobre la supervivencia. Metodo Estudio observacional retrospectivo de todas las neoplasias gastricas intervenidas en nuestro centro. Periodo: desde enero del 2015 hasta diciembre del 2020. Se determinaron los siguientes criterios TO: margenes R0, > 15 ganglios linfaticos en el estudio histologico, sin complicaciones mayores (Clavien-Dindo > IIIa), estancia hospitalaria Resultados Se intervinieron 93 pacientes. Alcanzamos el TO en un 34,1% de los pacientes. La variable > 15 ganglios linfaticos fue la que mas afecto a conseguir un TO Al realizar el analisis de supervivencia, observamos que el grupo en que se obtuvo el TO presento mayor supervivencia (p Conclusion En nuestra serie, la obtencion del TO tiene impacto sobre la supervivencia con un grado de cumplimiento del 34,1%.

Purpose A preoperative estimate of the risk of malignancy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) is important. The present study carries out an external validation of the Shin score in a European multicenter cohort. Methods An observational multicenter European study from 2010 to 2015. All consecutive patients undergoing surgery for IPMN at 35 hospitals with histological-confirmed IPMN were included. Results A total of 567 patients were included. The score was significantly associated with the presence of malignancy (p < 0.001). In all, 64% of the patients with benign IPMN had a Shin score < 3 and 57% of those with a diagnosis of malignancy had a score >= 3. The relative risk (RR) with a Shin score of 3 was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.07-1.77), with a sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 64.4%. Conclusion Patients with a Shin score

Bleeding is an intraoperative and postoperative complication of liver surgery of concern, and yet evidence to support utility and reproducibility of bleeding scales for liver surgery is limited. We determined the reproducibility of the clinician-reported validated intraoperative bleeding severity scale and its clinical value of implementation in liver surgery.In this descriptive and observational multicenter study, we assessed the performance of liver surgeons instructed on the clinician-reported intraoperative bleeding severity scale using training videos that covered all 5 grades of bleeding severity. Surgeons were stratified according to years of surgical experience and number of surgeries performed per year based on a median split in low and high values. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement was assessed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W).Forty-seven surgeons from 10 hospitals in Spain participated in the study. The overall intraobserver concordance was 0.985, and the overall interobserver concordance was 0.929. For "high experience" surgeons, the intraobserver and interobserver agreement values were 0.990 and 0.941, respectively. For "low experience" surgeons, the intraobserver and interobserver agreement was 0.981 and 0.922, respectively. Regarding the annual number of surgeries, intraobserver and interobserver agreement values were 0.995 and 0.940, respectively, for surgeons performing35 surgeries per year, with 0.979 and 0.923, respectively, for surgeons who perform ≤35 surgeries year.The clinician-reported intraoperative bleeding severity scale shows high interobserver and intraobserver concordance, suggesting it is a useful tool for assessing severity of bleeding during liver surgery; years of surgical experience and number of annual procedures performed did not affect the applicability of the clinician-reported intraoperative bleeding severity scale.

Textbook outcome (TO) is a composite measure that reflects the most desirable surgical results as a single indicator. The aim of this study was to assess the achievement of TO at a hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery unit in a Spanish tertiary hospital. Methods: Retrospective observational study of all consecutive patients who underwent HPB surgery over a 4-year period. Morbidity (defined according to the Clavien-Dindo classification) and mortality at 30 days, hospital stay, risk of morbidity and mortality according to the POSSUM scale and readmissions at 90 days were recorded. TO was considered when a patient presented no major complications (³IIIA), no mortality, no readmission, and not prolonged length of stay (LOS: £ 75th percentile of the sample). Results: A total of 283 patients were included (median age: 65 years, 65.4% men). Morbidity >IIIA was reported in 21.6%, and 5.7% died; median postoperative stay was 4 days. TO was achieved in 56.2% of patients. Comparing patients that presented TO with those that did not, significant differences were recorded for the type of procedure and the expected risk of morbidity and mortality calculated according to the POSSUM scale. There were significant differences between patients with major resections (TO rates of 46.3% in major hepatectomy and 52.5% in major pancreatectomy) and those with minor resections (rates of 67.7% in minor hepatectomy and 40.7% in minor pancreatectomy). Conclusion: The rate of TO in our series (56.2%) was like those published internationally. TO is a very useful management tool for assessing postoperative results.

BACKGROUND: Textbook outcome (TO) is a multidimensional quality management tool that uses a set of traditional surgical measures to reflect an "ideal" surgical result for a particular pathology. The aim of the present study is to record the rate of TO in patients undergoing elective surgery for colon cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of all patients undergoing scheduled colon cancer surgery at a Spanish university hospital from September 2012 to August 2016. Patients with rectal cancer were excluded. The variables included in the definition of TO were: R0 resection, number of isolated nodes ≥12, no Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIa complications, no prolonged stay, no readmissions, and no mortality in the first 30 days. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty-four patients were included in the study. TO was achieved in 49.8%. The sample had a mean age of 69 ± 11 years, and 60% were male. Female sex (OR 1.61; 95% CI 2.30-1.13), T3 and T4 classification (OR 2.50, 95% CI 4.59-1.36, and OR 2.55, 95% CI 5.21-1.24 respectively) and laparoscopic approach (OR 1.53, 95% CI 2.33-1.00) were independent factors that were significantly associated with achieving a TO. Patients who achieved TO had higher overall survival (p=0.008) than those who did not. However, with regard to disease-free survival, no statistically significant differences were found (p=0.303). CONCLUSION: TO is a useful, easy-to-interpret management tool for measuring oncological results and for predicting patient survival. The study was registered in the public accessible database clinicaltrials.gov with the ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05675904. Public release date: 01/05/2023.

Distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR) is a surgical procedure with high morbidity and mortality performed in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Preoperative embolization of hepatic artery (PHAE) has been postulated as a technical option to increase resection rate.comparison of morbidity and mortality at 90 days, operative time, hospital stay and survival between patients that performed DP-CAR with and without PHAE.Observational retrospective multicentre study.patient operated in Spanish centers with DP-CAR for pancreatic cancer from April 2004 until 23 June 2018. Preoperative (PHAE, neodjuvant treatment), intraoperative (operative time and blood loss) and postoperative data (morbidity, hospital stay, R0 and survival) were studied. Complications were measured with Clavien classification at 90 days. Specific pancreatic complications were measured using ISGPS classifications. Data were analyzed using R version 3.1.3 (http://www.r-project.org). Level of significance was set at 0.05.41 patients were studied. 26 patients were not embolized (NO-PHAE group) and 15 patients received PHAE. Preoperative BMI and percentage of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were the only preoperative variables different between both groups. The operative time in the PHAE group was shorter (343 min) than in the non-PHAE group (411 min) (p 0.06). Major morbidity (Clavien IIIa) and mortality at 90 days were higher in the PHAE group than in the non-PHAE group (60% vs 23% and 26.6% vs 11.6% respectively) (p 0.004). No statistical difference in overall survival was observed between both groups (p = 0.14).In our study PHAE is not related with less postoperative morbidity. Even more, major morbidity (Clavien III-IV) and mortality was higher in PHAE group.

Graphical Abstract fx1, Resumen español Introducción: La pandemia COVID-19 ha tenido una repercusión extraordinaria sobre los hospitales españoles, que han reorganizado sus recursos para tratar a estos pacientes, limitando su capacidad de atender otras patologías frecuentes. El presente estudio analiza la repercusión sobre el tratamiento de la colelitiasis y la colecistitis aguda. Métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio nacional descriptivo mediante una encuesta online voluntaria, realizada en Google Drive™, distribuida por correo electrónico desde la Asociación Española de Cirujanos (AEC) a todos los cirujanos miembros. Resultados: Se han recibido 153 encuestas (una por centro). El 96.7% de ellos han suspendido las colecistectomías electivas. El tratamiento conservador de la colecistitis aguda no complicada se ha realizado en un 90% de los casos (siendo previamente del 18%) y, en las colecistitis intervenidas, el 95% ha optado por abordaje laparoscópico. Un 49% realiza algún test preoperatorio para SARS-CoV-2, y el 57% comunican haber tenido casos de confirmación postoperatoria tras alguna intervención, con peor evolución postoperatoria en el 54%. Conclusiones: Esta encuesta revela que las mayorías de los centros están siguiendo las recomendaciones de las sociedades quirúrgicas durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Sin embargo, se observan algunos datos que precisan ser tenido en cuenta en la fase sucesivas de la pandemia.

Resumen Introduccion Los parametros clinicos y analiticos de la apendicitis aguda (AA) son la base diagnostica. Se analiza la diferencia de sus valores segun la histologia para distinguir las AA simples de las complicadas. Metodos Analisis observacional retrospectivo que incluye pacientes (> 14 anos) que ingresan con diagnostico de AA desde el 1 abril 2014 al 31 julio 2016. Histopatologicamente se dividen en AA complicada (perforada y/o gangrenada) y AA no complicada (flemonosa). Entre los 2 grupos se compara sexo, edad, temperatura al ingreso, duracion de sintomatologia, recuento leucocitario preoperatorio (WBC), porcentaje de neutrofilos, volumen plaquetario medio (VPM), indice de distribucion de plaquetas (PDW), proteina C-reactiva (PCR) y estancia hospitalaria. Resultados Se analizan 335 pacientes y se incluyen 284, de los cuales 194 (68,3%) tienen AA no complicada (AAnc) y 90 (31,7%) AA complicada (AAc). La edad, la duracion de sintomatologia, el porcentaje de neutrofilos, la PCR y la estancia hospitalaria son mayores en la AAc (p Conclusiones El modelo predice la posibilidad de desarrollar AAc, pero debe validarse de manera prospectiva.

Two-stage liver resections were described to increase the resectability of liver tumors in patients with insufficient future liver remnant. The ALPPS procedure, described in 2011, has represented a breakthrough in the field of hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery. This technique accelerates the hypertrophy of the future liver remnant and reduces the interval between the two surgeries compared with previous techniques. ALPPS has gained popularity rapidly, with more than 1200 patients included in the world registry. Recommendations about indications, patient selection and surgical standardization have been discussed twice in international expert meetings. Although ALPPS has proven to be superior in terms of resectability (80-100% versus 60-90% of twostage hepatectomy), its rapid implementation has been punished with high morbidity and mortality reaching up to 40% and 9%, respectively, in the published series. The current evidence on the possible benefits and disadvantages is mainly based on observational studies. We present a historical review, describing the different technical modifications that have been carried out since its description, with a rigorous review in terms of morbidity, mortality, and oncological outcomes.

Objetivos: La lesión del nervio laríngeo recurrente es una grave complicación en cirugía tiroidea. El propósito del presente estudio es analizar la utilizad de la neuromonitorización vagal continua intraoperatoria en un hospital terciario.Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo que recoge pacientes intervenidos de cirugía tiroidea con neuromonitorización en un periodo de 14 meses. La pérdida de señal se define como amplitud final nerviosa < 100 µV, realizándose laringoscopia postquirúrgica ante la sospecha de lesión nerviosa. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS® V25,0, con p < 0,05.Resultados: Se incluyeron 120 pacientes intervenidos, registrándose en el 24,2 % pérdida de señal. Factores de riesgo para lesión fueron bocio intratorácico (OR 5,31; IC 95 % 1,56 – 17,99; p = 0,007), cirugía cervical previa (OR 5,76; IC 95 % 0,64 – 51,97; p = 0,119) y patología maligna (OR 1,44; IC 95 % 0,16 – 12,79; p = 0,743). Fue posible el cambio de estrategia quirúrgica en 7 casos. En el seguimiento posterior se cuantificó parálisis recurrencial transitoria en 27 pacientes y permanente en 4.Discusión: La neuromonitorización parece reducir la incidencia de parálisis laríngea porque aumenta la seguridad en la identificación del nervio recurrente y reduce su manipulación durante la cirugía.Conclusiones: La neuromonitorización intraoperatoria es útil para identificar el nervio laríngeo recurrente y advierte del riesgo potencial de lesión, permitiendo cambiar la estrategia quirúrgica para evitar la parálisis bilateral de cuerdas vocales.

Introduction Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been shown to facilitate discharge, decrease length of stay, improve outcomes and reduce costs. We used this concept to design a comprehensive fast-track pathway (OR-to-discharge) before starting our liver transplant activity and then applied this protocol prospectively to every patient undergoing liver transplantation at our institution, monitoring the results periodically. We now report our first six years results. Patients and methods Prospective cohort study of all the liver transplants performed at our institution for the first six years. Balanced general anesthesia, fluid restriction, thromboelastometry, inferior vena cava preservation and temporary portocaval shunt were strategies common to all cases. Standard immunosuppression administered included steroids, tacrolimus (delayed in the setting of renal impairment, with basiliximab induction added) and mycophenolate mofetil. Tacrolimus dosing was adjusted using a Bayesian estimation methodology. Oral intake and ambulation were started early. Results A total of 240 transplants were performed in 236 patients (191♂/45♀) over 74 months, mean age 56.3±9.6 years, raw MELD score 15.5±7.7. Predominant etiologies were alcohol (n = 136) and HCV (n = 82), with hepatocellular carcinoma present in 129 (54.7%). Nine patients received combined liver and kidney transplants. The mean operating time was 315±64 min with cold ischemia times of 279±88 min. Thirty-one patients (13.1%) were transfused in the OR (2.4±1.2 units of PRBC). Extubation was immediate (p=0.015) in the fast-track group. Patient survival was 86.8% at 1 year and 78.6% at five years. Conclusion Fast-Tracking of Liver Transplant patients is feasible and can be applied as the standard of care

Introducción El número de citas se considera un indicador indirecto del mérito de un artículo, revista o investigador, aunque no es un método infalible para determinar la calidad científica. Nuestro objetivo es determinar las características de los artículos más citados sobre páncreas y laparoscopia. Métodos Realizamos una búsqueda de todos los artículos publicados en cualquier revista sobre páncreas y laparoscopia hasta septiembre de 2019 y seleccionamos los 100 artículos más citados. Registramos el número de citas, la revista, el año de publicación, el cuartil, el factor de impacto, la institución, el país, el tipo de artículo de los autores, el tipo de cirugía, el tema y el área. Resultados El top 100 suma 10.970 citas. La revista con más artículos es Surgical Endoscopy y 2007 es el año con el mayor número de artículos en el top 100. El porcentaje de publicaciones de América y Europa es similar. Las series de casos son el tipo de artículo más frecuente, los resultados/morbilidad es el tema más discutido y la pancreatectomía distal es el tipo de cirugía más frecuente. Conclusiones Este estudio bibliométrico sobre páncreas y laparoscopia está condicionado por el factor tiempo, ya que la laparoscopia ha llegado más tarde a la cirugía pancreática, probablemente debido a la morbimortalidad asociada a la cirugía pancreática y a la necesidad de una alta especialización en este campo. La literatura es reciente y escasa. Se necesitan más estudios y de mayor calidad en este campo. Introduction: The number of citations is considered as an indirect indicator of the merit of an article, journal or researcher, although it is not an infallible method to determine scientific quality. Our goal is to determine the characteristics of the articles most cited about pancreas and laparoscopy. Methods: We performed a search of all articles published in any journal about pancreas and laparoscopy until September 2019 and selected the 100 most cited papers. We recorded number of citations, journal, year of publication, quartil, impact factor, institution, country, authors type of paper, type of surgery, topic and area. Results: The top 100 citations account 10, 970 citations in total. The journal with the most articles is Surgical Endoscopy and 2007 is the year with the highest number of articles in the top 100 citations. The percentage of publications from America and Europe are similar. Case series is the most frequently paper, outcomes/morbidity is the most frequently discussed topic, and distal pancreatectomy is the most frequently type of surgery. Conclusions: This bibliometric study on pancreas and laparoscopy is conditioned by the time factor, since laparoscopy has arrived later at pancreatic surgery, probably due to the morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic surgery and the need for a high specialization in this field. The literature is recent and scarce. More and better-quality studies are needed in this field.

Introduction The number of citations is considered as an indirect indicator of the merit of an article, journal or researcher, although it is not an infallible method to determine scientific quality. Our goal is to determine the characteristics of the articles most cited about pancreas and laparoscopy. Methods We performed a search of all articles published in any journal about pancreas and laparoscopy until September 2019 and selected the 100 most cited papers. We recorded number of citations, journal, year of publication, quartil, impact factor, institution, country, authors type of paper, type of surgery, topic and area. Results The top 100 citations account 10,970 citations in total. The journal with the most articles is Surgical Endoscopy and 2007 is the year with the highest number of articles in the top 100 citations. The percentage of publications from America and Europe are similar. Case series is the most frequently paper, outcomes/morbidity is the most frequently discussed topic, and distal pancreatectomy is the most frequently type of surgery. Conclusions This bibliometric study on pancreas and laparoscopy is conditioned by the time factor, since laparoscopy has arrived later at pancreatic surgery, probably due to the morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic surgery and the need for a high specialization in this field. The literature is recent and scarce. More and better-quality studies are needed in this field.

Background: the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting response has varied globally. The European and African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (E-AHPBA), the premier representative body for practicing HPB surgeons in Europe and Africa, conducted this survey to assess the impact of COVID-19 on HPB surgery. Methods: an online survey was disseminated to all E-AHPBA members to assess the effects of the pandemic on unit capacity, management of HPB cancers, use of COVID-19 screening and other aspects of service delivery. Results: overall, 145 (25%) members responded. Most units, particularly in COVID-high countries (>100,000 cases) reported insufficient critical care capacity and reduced HPB operating sessions compared to COVID-low countries. Delayed access to cancer surgery necessitated alternatives including increased neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and colorectal liver metastases, and locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. Other aspects of service delivery including COVID-19 screening and personal protective equipment varied between units and countries. Conclusion: this study demonstrates that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound adverse impact on the delivery of HPB cancer care across the continents of Europe and Africa. The findings illustrate the need for safe resumption of cancer surgery in a “new” normal world with screening of patients and staff for COVID-19., NA

Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can lead to secondary pancreatic tumors even years after nephrectomy was performed. Surgical resection in selected patients shows appropriate survival rates. Methods A systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. This review finished in May 2019 and included patients with resected pancreatic metastasis(es). The main purpose was to evaluate the results of surgical resection of pancreatic tumors secondary to kidney cancer. Results After the screening process of articles, 21 were selected for the systematic review, which included 354 patients, whose disease-free interval (DFI) was 105.11 (0–361.56) months. Of these patients, 34.6% had additional metastases elsewhere at the time of the surgery, and 48.6% were symptomatic. Postoperative morbidity was 40.2%, The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 53.9% (26–75). Conclusion Pancreatic surgery for the resection of RCC metastasis(es) is considered safe and shows low morbidity and mortality rates among selected patients in medical institutions where this type of procedure is commonly performed.

Post-operative morbidity of pancreatectomies occurs in up to 40-50% of patients, even in modern series. There is a need to find a simple scale in order to identify patients with increased risk of developing major post-operative complications after pancreatic resections. Many studies have been published on sarcopenia and surgical outcomes. Aspects of sarcopenia are presented, along with a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines, in order to search for articles about sarcopenia and pancreatic surgery. The impact of sarcopenia on morbidity and mortality in pancreatic resections is still unclear. The studies presented have been carried out over long periods of time, and many of them compare patients with different diseases. There are also different definitions of sarcopenia, and this can influence the results, as some of the reviewed articles have already shown. It is necessary to unify criteria, both in the definition and in the cut-off values. Prospective studies and consensus on sarcopenia diagnosis should be achieved.

Background: The initial management of patients with acute pancreatitis impacts both morbidity and mortality. Point-of-care decisions have been reported to differ from clinical guideline recommendations. Methods: An online anonymous questionnaire was distributed through scientific associations and social media using REDCap. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the characteristics of participants associated with compliance with the recommendations. Results: A total of 1054 participants from 94 countries completed the questionnaire; median age (IQR) was 39 (32–47) years; 30.7% were women. Among the participants, 37% opted for nonmoderate flow of i.v. fluid, 31% for fluid type other than Ringer’s lactate; 73.4% were in favor of nil per os to patients who could eat, 75.5% for other than enteral feeding to patients with oral intolerance; 15.5% used prophylactic antibiotic in patients with severe acute pancreatitis, 34.1% in necrotizing acute pancreatitis, and 27.4% in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome; 27.8% delayed cholecystectomy after biliary acute pancreatitis. Participants with publications in PubMed on acute pancreatitis showed better compliance (OR, 1.62; 95% CI: 1.15–2.32; P =.007) with recommendations of the clinical guidelines. Conclusions: Feeding and nutrition require the greatest improvement efforts, but also the use of prophylactic antibiotics and timing of cholecystectomy should be improved.

Combined hepatic and inferior vena cava (IVC) resection is the only potentially curative treatment for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) involving the IVC. Most of the existing data come from case reports or small case series. In this paper, a systematic review based on the PICO strategy was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Papers from January 1980 to December 2022 were searched in Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library databases. Articles considered for inclusion had to present data on simultaneous liver and IVC resection for CRLM and report surgical and/or oncological outcomes. From a total of 1175 articles retrieved, 29, including a total of 188 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 58.3 ± 10.8 years. The most frequent techniques used were right hepatectomy ± caudate lobe for hepatic resections (37.8%), lateral clamping (44.8%) for vascular control, and primary closure (56.8%) for IVC repair. The thirty-day mortality reached 4.6%. Tumour relapse was reported in 65.8% of the cases. The median overall survival (OS) was 34 months (with a confidence interval of 30–40 months), and the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS were 71.4%, 19.8%, and 7.1%, respectively. In the absence of prospective randomized studies, which are difficult to perform, IVC resection seems to be safe and feasible.

A 70-year-old male with a large abscessed GIST is reported. Symptoms, laboratory results, diagnostic imaging and surgical field information are provided. It is a rare initial presentation of a GIST which we believe to be academically interesting.

Background The aim of international health cooperation projects is to alleviate the deficiencies in the area of health in low resource settings. Hernia surgery is a procedure that is well suited to these missions, due to its low morbidity, the fact that it can be performed on an outpatient basis, and the improvement in quality of life that it provides. Objective To describe the results of Benefica Chirurgia (BC), a Spanish non-profit humanitarian association in hernia pathology. Methods Five one-week surgical campaigns were carried out in Ecuador between 2015 and 2019, involving anesthetists, general and pediatric surgeons. Surgical and medical equipment was provided and transported by BC. ASA I/II patients underwent surgery. Results Surgery was performed on 240 patients with hernia pathology on 27 days. Sixty-three per cent of patients were male and the mean age was 48.2 years (range: 1–83). Hernia location was inguinal in 113 patients, umbilical in 101, and other in 26. The anesthetic technique used was spinal in 185 patients (77.1%), local plus intravenous sedation in 31 (12.9%), and general in 24 (10%). The surgical technique used was hernioplasty in 191 patients, herniorrhaphy in 31, incisional hernia repair in 15 and herniotomy in three. Surgery was performed on an outpatient basis in 98.4% of cases. Morbidity was 2%. Long-term postoperative evaluation is very complex. Conclusion These campaigns make a significant contribution to health in low resource settings and provide great personal satisfaction for those involved. Standards achieved in the immediate postoperative period were similar to those obtained at the surgeons’ centers in Europe. However, it is difficult to establish the rates of recurrence and chronic pain.

Revisional bariatric surgery (RS) is indicated if there is weight regain or insufficient weight loss, no improvement or reappearance of co-morbidities, or previous bariatric surgery complications. It has been associated with higher postoperative morbidity.To evaluate the early postoperative complications (lt;30 d) of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass RS (RYGB-RS) after primary sleeve gastrectomy (SG-1) compared with primary RYGB (RYGB-1) at a bariatric surgery referral center.Department of General and Digestive Surgery of General Universitary Hospital of Alicante, Spain.Retrospective cohort study comparing RYGB-RS after SG-1 and RYGB-1 between January 2008 and March 2021. Postoperative complications, hospital stay, mortality, and readmissions were analyzed.Six hundred and twenty-eight RYGB surgeries (48 RYGB-RS, 580 RYGB-1) were studied. The mean age of patients undergoing RYGB-RS was 50 years, compared with 46 years in the RYGB-1 group (P = .017). Mean initial body mass index was 44.2 kg/msup2/sup(RYGB-RS) versus 47.6 kg/msup2/sup(RYGB-1; P = .004). Cardiovascular risk factors were higher in the RYGB-1 group (Plt; .05). Indications for RS were weight regain or insufficient weight loss (72.9%), weight regain or insufficient weight loss plus gastroesophageal reflux disease (14.6%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (12.5%). There were no differences in the frequency of complications (RYGB-RS 22.9% vs RYGB-1 20.5%) or in their severity (Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIa; RYGB-RS 10.4% vs RYGB-1 6.4%; Pgt; .05). There were no differences in emergency room visits (RYGB-RS at 12.5% vs RYGB-1 at 14.9%) or in readmissions (RYGB-RS at 12.5% vs RYGB-1 at 9.4%).No differences were observed between primary RYGB and revisional RYGB in early morbidity, mortality, emergencies, or readmissions. Revisional bariatric surgery is a safe procedure at referral centers and must be done by expert hands.

Resumen Los tumores neuroendocrinos pancreáticos representan menos del 3% de neoplasias pancreáticas. Su asociación con pancreatitis puede ser causal por obstrucción ductal tumoral, pero puede ser casual por coexistencia de ambas entidades. Presentamos un caso de asociación casual de pancreatitis crónica y tumor neuroendocrino pancreático y realizamos una revisión sistemática. Se obtuvieron 325 artículos y se seleccionaron 6, todos casos clínicos, donde esta relación no estaba justificada por obstrucción tumoral. En conclusión, la coexistencia pancreatitis crónica-tumor neuroendocrino pancreático en ausencia de causa obstructiva tumoral es un hallazgo excepcional cuya fisiopatología está por esclarecer. Marcadores inmunohistoquímicos y moleculares podrían ayudar a definirla.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is the third cause of cancer related deaths; 80% of the HCC are associated with cirrhotic livers or chronic liver diseases, which constitute the main risk factor. Chronic inflammation, necrosis and regeneration due to these conditions produce genetic mutation and development of tumor cells. Yet, 10% develop in non-cirrhotic healthy livers without precipitating factors. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the characteristics and survival of patients with diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver and absence of a history of liver cirrhosis or chronic liver disease undergoing surgery in two hepato-pancreato-biliary units between January 2007 and January 2016. Results: Mean age was 65 years and 13 patients were men. Abdominal pain was the most common clinical presentation. Liver panel was normal in 60% of the cases and alpha-fetoprotein was elevated in only 16%. The diagnosis was made by imaging tests in 61% of the cases. Mean tumor size was 110.6 cm. All the patients underwent surgery. Complications were observed in 36.8% of the patients and survival at 5 years was 62.3%. Conclusion: hepatocellular carcinoma is usually diagnosed as a large lesion in imaging tests ordered due to abdominal pain. Surgery provides curative treatment, and large resections can be safely performed, with low perioperative morbidity and mortality and low incidence of postoperative liver failure,since the liver remnant is healthy and liver function is maintained.