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Abstract The incorporation of digital pathology in clinical practice will require the training of pathologists in digital skills. Our study aimed to assess the reliability among pathologists in determining tumor percentage in whole slide images (WSI) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using digital image analysis, and study how the results correlate with the molecular findings. Pathologists from nine centers were trained to quantify epithelial tumor cells, tumor-associated stromal cells, and non-neoplastic cells from NSCLC WSI using QuPath. Then, we conducted two consecutive ring trials. In the first trial, analyzing four WSI, reliability between pathologists in the assessment of tumor cell percentage was poor (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.09). After performing the first ring trial pathologists received feedback. The second trial, comprising 10 WSI with paired next-generation sequencing results, also showed poor reliability (ICC 0.24). Cases near the recommended 20% visual threshold for molecular techniques exhibited higher values with digital analysis. In the second ring trial reliability slightly improved and human errors were reduced from 5.6% to 1.25%. Most discrepancies arose from subjective tasks, such as the annotation process, suggesting potential improvement with future artificial intelligence solutions.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting cellular heterogeneity and understanding the intricate biology of diseases, including cancer. Endometrial cancer (EC) stands out as the most prevalent gynecological malignancy in Europe and the second most diagnosed worldwide, yet its cellular complexity remains poorly understood. In this review, we explore the contributions of scRNA-seq studies to shed light on the tumor cells and cellular landscape of EC. We discuss the diverse tumoral and microenvironmental populations identified through scRNA-seq, highlighting the implications for understanding disease progression. Furthermore, we address potential limitations inherent in scRNA-seq studies, such as technical biases and sample size constraints, emphasizing the need for larger-scale research encompassing a broader spectrum of EC histological subtypes. Notably, a significant proportion of scRNA-seq analyses have focused on primary endometrioid carcinoma tumors, underscoring the need to incorporate additional histological and aggressive types to comprehensively capture the heterogeneity of EC. By critically evaluating the current state of scRNA-seq research in EC, this review underscores the importance of advancing towards more comprehensive studies to accelerate our understanding of this complex disease.

Abstract Increased recruitment of transitional and non-classical monocytes in the lung during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with COVID-19 severity. However, whether specific innate sensors mediate the activation or differentiation of monocytes in response to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 but not nucleoprotein induce differentiation of monocytes into transitional or non-classical subsets from both peripheral blood and COVID-19 bronchoalveolar lavage samples in a NFκB-dependent manner, but this process does not require inflammasome activation. However, NLRP3 and NLRC4 differentially regulated CD86 expression in monocytes in response to Spike 1 and Nucleoprotein, respectively. Moreover, monocytes exposed to Spike 1 induce significantly higher proportions of Th1 and Th17 CD4 + T cells. In contrast, monocytes exposed to Nucleoprotein reduce the degranulation of CD8 + T cells from severe COVID-19 patients. Our study provides insights in the differential impact of innate sensors in regulating monocytes in response to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which might be useful to better understand COVID-19 immunopathology and identify therapeutic targets.

Introducción. La Comisión Nacional de Residencias Médicas (CONAREM) es el principal sistema de admisión para la tutoría clínica de residencias médicas en Paraguay, avalado por Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Objetivos. Determinar la relación entre el puntaje final obtenido y el promedio de grado en postulantes a convocatorias CONAREM 2019-2023. Metodología. Estudio transversal con variables sociodemográficas, académicas, puntajes del examen y puntaje final. Se aplicaron métodos descriptivos y pruebas de Kolmogórov-Smirnov, t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis y correlación de Spearman; utilizando software Stata© 17.0 de StataCorp LLC. Se consideraron significativos cuando p

The development of lung fibrosis is a major concern in patients recovered from severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This study aimed to document the evolution of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) to the fibrosing pattern and define the transcriptional programs involved. Morphological, immunohistochemical and transcriptional analysis were performed in lung samples obtained from autopsy of 33 severe COVID-19 patients (median illness duration: 36 days). Normal lung and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were used for comparison. Twenty-seven patients with DAD and disease evolution of more than 2 weeks had fibrosis. Pathways and genes related with collagen biosynthesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis and degradation, myofibroblastic differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) were overexpressed in COVID-19. This pattern had similarities with that observed in IPF. By immunohistochemistry, pathological fibroblasts (pFBs), with CTHRC1 and SPARC expression, increased in areas of proliferative DAD and decreased in areas of mature fibrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated constitutive expression of cadherin-11 in normal epithelial cells and a similar pattern of cadherin and catenin expression in epithelial cells from both normal and COVID-19 samples. Transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of the Hippo pathway, concordant with the observation of YAP overexpression in hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells. Progression to fibrosis in severe COVID-19 is associated with overexpression of fibrogenic pathways and increased in CTHRC1- and SPARC-positive pFBs. Whereas the Hippo pathway seemed to be implicated in the response to epithelial cell damage, EMT was not a major process implicated in COVID-19 mediated lung fibrosis.

Abstract Objectives The aim of LungBEAM was to determine the value of a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation test in blood based on BEAMing technology to predict disease progression in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first‐ or second‐generation EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs). Another goal was to monitor the dynamics of EGFR mutations, as well as to track EGFR exon 20 p.T790M (p.T790M) resistance during treatment, as critical indicators of therapeutic efficacy and patient survival. Methods Stage IV NSCLC patients with locally confirmed EGFR‐TKI sensitizing mutations (ex19del and/or L858R) in biopsy tissue who were candidates to receive first‐ or second‐generation EGFR‐TKI as first‐line therapy were included. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and every 4 weeks during treatment until a progression‐free survival (PFS) event or until study completion (72‐week follow‐up). The mutant allele fraction (MAF) was determined for each identified mutation using BEAMing. Results A total of 68 of the 110 (61.8%) patients experienced a PFS event. Twenty‐six patients (23.6%) presented with an emergent p.T790M mutation in plasma at some point during follow‐up, preceding radiologic progression with a median of 76 (interquartile ratio: 54–111) days. Disease progression correlated with the appearance of p.T790M in plasma with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48–2.54; p

Reliable neurotrophin kinase (NTRK) fusion assessment is of special relevance since durable responses to targeted therapies have been observed regardless tumor type, NTRK gene or fusion partner. The most prevalent NTRK fusion in solid tumors is the ETV6-NTRK3, although alternative NTRK3 translocations with new partners are increasingly described across a wide variety of tumor types.NTRK fusions occur at low frequencies in non-small-cell lung cancer and are less common than other gene rearrangements. Here we describe a novel TRIM24-NTRK3 fusion in a lung adenocarcinoma patient that was missed by immunohistochemistry and DNA-based NGS but detected using a commercial targeted RNA-based NGS panel. To the best of our knowledge, this fusion has never been previously reported in any cancer type and allowed eligibility of patient for treatment with a small molecule inhibitor. This case also remarks the role of NGS in reliable detection of challenging novel NTRK fusions.

El uso social de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación es un elemento central en las dinámicas culturales contemporáneas. Estas tecnologías están configurando estructuras políticas, económicas y causando cambios al nivel de la identidad y de la intimidad. Dentro de las ciencias sociales pueden encontrarse perspectivas tanto pesimistas como optimistas. Aquellas teorías que analizan la modernidad en términos de procesos de individualización, centradas en las cuestiones de los estilos de vida y de la subjetividad, están especialmente relacionadas con el tema. Mientras se generalizan dichas tecnologías, es mayor el interés por su uso y el desarrollo de una nueva cultura en torno al mismo, especialmente entre la población joven. Este interés es paralelo a la percepción social según la cual las tecnologías pueden afectar negativamente a las personas, generando incluso adicción. Este artículo aborda el uso problemático de las nuevas tecnologías desde la perspectiva de la antropología social. La primera parte reúne datos sobre el uso de nuevas tecnologías y aborda la discusión sobre cómo se está aplicando el término de «adicción». La segunda parte explica por qué es necesaria la perspectiva socioantropológica en el contexto del debate científico actual. Finalmente, se presentan los resultados de una investigación antropológica en curso.

El hemitruncus arterioso es una cardiopatía congénita rara caracterizada por el origen anómalo de alguna de las ramas de la arteria pulmonar a partir de la aorta ascendente. En la mayoría de los casos su diagnóstico se realiza durante la infancia; además, por su elevada morbimortalidad es extremadamente inusual su evolución asintomática y supervivencia hasta la etapa adulta. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 30 años con antecedente de cierre quirúrgico de persistencia del conducto arterioso en la infancia, que cursó asintomático hasta hace un año, y se le diagnosticó hemitruncus arterioso a partir de episodios recurrentes de hemoptisis.

Ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Despite current chemotherapeutic and surgical options, this high lethality can be attributed to multiple factors, including late-stage presentation. In order to optimize OEC treatment, it is important to highlight that it is composed of five main subtypes: high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC), endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (EOC), ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCOC), and mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC). These subtypes differ in their precursor lesions, as well as in epidemiological, morphological, molecular and clinical features. OEC is one of the tumours in which most pathogenic germline mutations have been identified. Accordingly, up to 20% OC show alterations in BRCA1/2 genes, and also, although with a lower frequency, in other low penetrance genes associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), mismatch repair genes (Lynch syndrome) and TP53. The most important prognostic factor is the 2014 FIGO staging, while older age is also associated with worse survival. HGSOC in all stages and CCC and MOC in advanced stages have the worse prognosis among histological types. Molecular markers have emerged as prognostic factors, particularly mutations in BRCA1/2, which are associated with a better outcome. Regarding treatment, whereas a proportion of HGSOC is sensible to platinum-based treatment and PARP inhibitors due to HRD, the rest of the histological types are relatively chemoresistant. New treatments based in specific molecular alterations are being tested in different histological types. In addition, immunotherapy could be an option, especially for EOC carrying mismatch repair deficiency or POLE mutations.

Abstract Background Immunohistochemistry (IHQ) is commonly used for the detection of mismatch repair proteins deficiency (MMRD). One very infrequent abnormal pattern of MMR protein expression is the loss of PMS2 and MSH6, with intact expression of MLH1 and MSH2. Case presentation We review the frequency of this MMRD IHC pattern among 108 colorectal (CRCs) and 35 endometrial cancers in our files with loss of expression of at least one protein, and present two CRCs showing loss of PMS2 and MSH6 protein expression (1.9% of CRCs). NGS analysis of these tumours identified PMS2 mutations (R134* germline mutation in one tumour and M1R and c.1239delA somatic mutation in the other) as the primary event and somatic MSH6 mutation (c.3261dupC) as the secondary event in both tumours. Conclusions This study suggests that Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) tumour analysis should be considered in the algorithm of Lynch syndrome screening to detect MMR gen somatic mutation in inconclusive cases.

Gasdermins (GSDM) genes play complex roles in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Gasdermin-B (GSDMB) is frequently upregulated in human cancers, especially in HER2-amplified breast carcinomas, and can promote diverse pro-tumor functions (invasion, metastasis, therapy-resistance). In particular, the GSDMB shortest translated variant (isoform 2; GSDMB2) increases aggressive behavior in breast cancer cells. Paradoxically, GSDMB can also have tumor suppressor (cell death induction) effects in specific biological contexts. However, whether GSDMB has inherent oncogenic, or tumor suppressor function in vivo has not been demonstrated yet in preclinical mouse models, since mice lack GSDMB orthologue. Therefore, to decipher GSDMB cancer functions in vivo we first generated a novel knock-in mouse model (R26-GB2) ubiquitously expressing human GSDMB2. The comprehensive histopathological analysis of multiple tissues from 75 animals showed that nucleus-cytoplasmic GSDMB2 expression did not clearly affect the overall frequency nor the histology of spontaneous neoplasias (mostly lung carcinomas), but associated with reduced incidence of gastric tumors, compared to wildtype animals. Next, to assess specifically the GSDMB2 roles in breast cancer, we generated two additional double transgenic mouse models, that co-express GSDMB2 with either the HER2/NEU oncogene (R26-GB2/MMTV-NEU mice) or the Polyoma middle-T antigen (R26-GB2/MMTV-PyMT) in breast tumors. Consistent with the pro-tumor effect of GSDMB in HER2+ human breast carcinomas, R26-GB2/MMTV-NEU GSDMB2-positive mice have double breast cancer incidence than wildtype animals. By contrast, in the R26-GB2/MMTV-PyMT model of fast growing and highly metastatic mammary tumors, GSDMB2 expression did not significantly influence cancer development nor metastatic potential. In conclusion, our data prove that GSDMB2 in vivo pro-tumor effect is evidenced only in specific biological contexts (in concert with the HER2 oncogene), while GSDMB2 alone does not have overall intrinsic oncogenic potential in genetically modified mice. Our novel models are useful to identify the precise stimuli and molecular mechanisms governing GSDMB functions in neoplasias and can be the basis for the future development of additional tissue-specific and context-dependent cancer models.

The exact role of viral replication in patients with severe COVID-19 has not been extensively studied, and it has only been possible to demonstrate the presence of replicative virus for more than 3 months in a few cases using different techniques. Our objective was to study the presence of RNA SARS-CoV-2 in autopsy samples of patients who died from COVID-19 long after the onset of symptoms. Secondary superimposed pulmonary infections present in these patients were also studied. We present an autopsy series of 27 COVID-19 patients with long disease duration, where pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples were obtained. In addition to histopathological analysis, viral genomic RNA (gRNA) and viral subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) were detected using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, and viral protein was detected using immunohistochemistry. This series includes 26 adults with a median duration of 39 days from onset of symptoms to death (ranging 9–108 days), 92% of them subjected to immunomodulatory therapy, and an infant patient. We detected gRNA in the lung of all but one patient, including those with longer disease duration. SgRNA was detected in 11 out of 17 patients (64.7%) with illness duration up to 6 weeks and in 3 out of 9 patients (33.3%) with more than 6 weeks of disease progression. Viral protein was detected using immunohistochemistry and viral mRNA was detected using in situ hybridization in 3 out of 4 adult patients with illness duration of 2 weeks. A remarkable result was the detection of viral protein, gRNA and sgRNA in the lung cells of the pediatric patient after 95 days of illness. Additional pulmonary infections included: 9 acute bronchopneumonia, 2 aspergillosis, 2 cytomegalovirus, and 1 BK virus infection. These results suggest that in severe COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 could persist for longer periods than expected, especially in immunocompromised populations, contributing to the persistence of chronic lung lesions. Additional infections contribute to the fatal course of the disease.

The recent European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) 2020 consensus classification proposes criteria to define coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), including mycological evidence obtained via non-bronchoscopic lavage. Given the low specificity of radiological findings in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, this criterion makes it difficult to differentiate between invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and colonization. This unicenter and retrospective study includes 240 patients with isolates of any Aspergillus species in any respiratory samples during a 20-month study (140 IPA and 100 colonization). Mortality was high in the IPA and colonization groups (37.1% and 34.0%, respectively; p = 0.61), especially in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, where mortality was higher in colonized patients (40.7% vs. 66.6.%; p: 0.021). Multivariate analysis confirmed the following variables to be independently associated with increased mortality: age > 65 years, acute or chronic renal failure at diagnosis, thrombocytopenia (Aspergillus spp. in respiratory samples, whether associated with disease criteria or not, is associated with high mortality, especially in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and suggests an early initiation of treatment given its high mortality rate.

The role of SARS-CoV-2 as a direct cause in the cardiac lesions in patients with severe COVID-19 remains to be established. Our objective is to report the pathological findings in cardiac samples of 30 patients who died after a prolonged hospital stay due to Sars-Cov-2 infection. We performed macroscopic, histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the hearts of 30 patients; and detected Sars-Cov-2 RNA by RT-PCR in the cardiac tissue samples. The median age of our cohort was 69.5 years and 76.6% were male. The median time between symptoms onset and death was 36.5 days. The main comorbidities were arterial hypertension (13 patients, 43.3%), dyslipidemia (11 patients, 36.7%), cardiovascular conditions (8 patients, 26.7%), and obesity (8 patients, 26.7%). Cardiovascular conditions included ischemic cardiopathy in 4 patients (13.3%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 2 patients (6.7%) and valve replacement and chronic heart failure in one patient each (3.3%). At autopsy, the most frequent histopathological findings were coronary artery atherosclerosis (8 patients, 26.7%), left ventricular hypertrophy (4 patients, 13.3%), chronic epicardial inflammation (3 patients, 10%) and adipose metaplasia (2 patients, 6.7%). Two patients showed focal myocarditis, one due to invasive aspergillosis. One additional patient showed senile amyloidosis. Sars-Cov-2 RNA was detected in the heart of only one out of 30 patients, who had the shortest disease evolution of the series (9 days). However, no relevant cardiac histological alterations were identified. In present series, cardiac pathology was only modest in most patients with severe COVID-19. At present, the contribution of a direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on cardiac lesions remains to be established.

Introducción. Un colectivo muy indicado para aprender maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar básica (RCP-B) es el del profesorado, sin embargo, la posibilidad de formarse sobre este tema durante sus estudios universitarios es escasa. Objetivo. Analizar la efectividad de una sesión formativa de corta duración de RCP a corto y largo plazo en futuro profesorado de educación física. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental sin grupo control en el que participaron estudiantes universitarios del grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte en 4 momentos diferentes: 1º evaluación de la calidad de RCP-B antes de la formación; 2º sesión de formación en RCP-B; 3º evaluación de la calidad de RCP-B tras la formación, y 4º evaluación de la retención del aprendizaje adquirido tras 6 meses de desentrenamiento. La formación consistió en una sesión teórico-práctica de 45 minutos con instructores y maniquís de entrenamiento. Resultados. Participaron 24 estudiantes universitarios (41.6 % mujeres). Tras la formación recibida se mejoró de forma significativa la calidad global de las compresiones (53.4 vs. 66.9 %; p = .006); la profundidad media alcanzada (43.4 vs. 48.5 mm; p

Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized by mesenchymal – epithelial transition component and awful prognosis. In this report, based on a case of stage IV lung sarcomatoid carcinoma with an extraordinary evolution and survival over 4 years, we address unresolved questions about the treatment of this cancer. We also make a literature review about the key factors that characterize this histology and that should be considered when treating those patients. Sarcomatoid carcinoma presents with mutations as KRAS, EGFR, ALK or MET in up to 70% of cases, and an important expression of PD-L1 (also called B7-H1), which can influence treatment of those patients with new drugs as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapy has changed the horizon of patients with stage IV lung cancers without driver mutations, as their survival has improved extraordinary. Moreover, radical treatments are being considered in long survivors with oligometastatic disease. In this report, we review targeted and radical therapy, treatment duration and the mechanisms responsible of disease evolution of sarcomatoid tumors. Keywords: Sarcomatoid, Pleomorphic, Immunotherapy, Long survivor, Lung cancer

La feminización de la pobreza ha dado lugar a un aumento del número de mujeres sin hogar. El objetivo de este trabajo, basado en una investigación cualitativa, es conocer la presencia de experiencias de victimización en población sin hogar femenino tanto de manera previa a la situación de calle como durante la misma. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto el impacto que tiene la vulnerabilidad y violencia de género en sus trayectorias biográficas. Asimismo, muestran cómo la vulnerabilidad sexual está muy presente en la experiencia de sinhogarismo femenino entendida como una particularidad de género de esta población.

El crecimiento de la demanda en los sistemas eléctricos de potencia ha creado la necesidad de la expansión en todos sus niveles, el problema de la planeación de la óptima expansión de los sistemas eléctricos de transmisión es, considerar todos los factores y restricciones que se involucran como: confiabilidad, cargabilidad máxima, desviación angular, perfil de voltaje, método de resolución, contingencias y pérdida del sistema; en busca de una óptima expansión de los sistemas de transmisión la presente investigación es orientada hacia el método de flujos óptimos de potencia AC; por lo tanto, se realizó un levantamiento de información de artículos científicos relevantes que permitan ser la base del inicio de futuras investigaciones, permitiendo robustecer el sistema de transmisión a bajos costo, con el fin de mantener el sistema eléctrico de potencia con estabilidad y confiabilidad.

Abstract Background Breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) is infrequent, being most reported cased described as ductal invasive carcinomas. Invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) is a distinct morphological variant of invasive lobular carcinoma characterized by higher nuclear atypia and pleomorphism than the classical type. In the best of our knowledge, a PLC with OGCs has not been previously reported. Case presentation We report the case of a 72-year-old woman presenting with a pleomorphic tumor of the left breast with a dense infiltration by OGCs and T lymphocytes with a 10:1 predominance of CD8+ over CD4+ cells. The diagnosis of a lymphoid or mesenchymal neoplasia was excluded after demonstrating keratin expression by the neoplastic cells. The absence of E-cadherin expression and the morphological features were consistent with the diagnosis PLC with OGCs. In addition, we demonstrated the deleterious mutation C.del866C in CDH1gene, but no mutations in any of the other 33 genes analyzed by next generation sequencing. Conclusions Breast carcinoma with stromal osteoclast-like giant cells is a very rare tumor, for that reason, the use of the cytologic features and growth patterns in combination with immunohistochemically studies is mandatory for a correct diagnosis of lobular carcinoma. In addition, further studies are necessary to clarify the influence of OGCs in the prognosis of these patients.

Precision medicine is an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person. Precision medicine is transforming clinical and biomedical research, as well as health care itself from a conceptual, as well as a methodological viewpoint, providing extraordinary opportunities to improve public health and lower the costs of the healthcare system. However, the implementation of precision medicine poses ethical-legal, regulatory, organizational and knowledge-related challenges. Without a national strategy, precision medicine, which will be implemented one way or another, could take place without the appropriate planning that can guarantee technical quality, equal access of all citizens to the best practices, violating the rights of patients and professionals and jeopardizing the solvency of the healthcare system. With this paper from the Spanish Societies of Medical Oncology (SEOM), Pathology (SEAP), and Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) we highlight the need to institute a consensual national strategy for the development of precision medicine in our country, review the national and international context, comment on the opportunities and challenges for implementing precision medicine, and outline the objectives of a national strategy on precision medicine in cancer.

La articulación de viejas y reinventadas espiritualidades con prácticas alternativas ligadas a la salud, constituye una pieza clave para abordar las transformaciones culturales en las formas de vida actuales. Este trabajo es esencialmente una propuesta de reflexión teórica, aunque se apoya en la presentación de algunos aspectos incidentales extraídos de procesos etnográficos desarrollados durante los últimos años, que muestran claramente el carácter ubicuo, difuso y elusivo de estas prácticas, especialmente cuando se trata de elaborar miradas explicativas de conjunto. La idea central de estas reflexiones será básicamente: ¿qué podemos aprender de esta fragmentariedad?, ¿qué ocurre con los aspectos de estas nuevas articulaciones diseminados en otros tipos de prácticas? Con base en esto, trataremos de delimitar los principales perfiles y problemáticas que ofrece este complejo e interesante objeto antropológico de reflexión, apoyándonos en propuestas conceptuales posestructuralistas.

El sinhogarismo femenino representa una problemática dentro del contexto español que requiere ser analizada. En los últimos años, la llamada feminización de la pobreza ha puesto de manifiesto un auge del número de mujeres sin hogar, que hace necesario desarrollar estudios empíricos sobre la cuestión. Por ello, la finalidad de este trabajo basado en una investigación cualitativa ha sido conocer la experiencia femenina del sinhogarismo, tratar de dilucidar el modo en que las violencias sociales y la vulnerabilidad de género se inscriben en las historias de vida de estas mujeres. Del mismo modo, también se ha prestado atención a los efectos del entramado y de la praxis asistencial en la condición del sinhogarismo femenino. Los resultados obtenidos revelan el impacto que tienen las experiencias de victimización en las trayectorias biográficas de las mujeres sin hogar, donde las situaciones de violencia de género y maltrato son recurrentes. Las narrativas de estas mujeres permiten reconocer las carencias del modelo de intervención asistencialista exponiendo los efectos negativos que el entramado asistencial genera.

Este texto tiene como objetivo básico sintetizar las respuestas recolectadas en la encuesta que origina este número de la Revista Murciana de Antropología, en torno a la doble cuestión de la definición de la identidad disciplinar de la Antropología, y de sus perspectivas de futuro. Además, trataré de contextualizar brevemente el tema del cuestionamiento por su futuro en el marco de la historia reciente de la disciplina, y de ofrecer un breve comentario personal al respecto, centrado en el interés de incorporar al conjunto de estrategias actuales la reflexión sobre el futuro de nuestras sociedades.

The current curriculum for elementary education in the autonomous community of Galicia includes the importance of Galician traditional and popular games and sets the content to work on all this educational stage, mainly based on recognition, practice, research, history and cultural value that this type of practice has for the students of this community. The skittles´s game in Boiro in the past had a great repercussion among the people, being probably the principal entertainment of the Boiro´s people in the first third of the 20th century. The objective of this study is to analyze the promotion, dissemination and practice of popular and traditional games in general and the skittles´s game in particular into the elementary schools of the municipality of Boiro, using qualitative techniques for data collection, the personal interview to be the main tool used for this purpose. The results of the study show the need to deepen the work of these recreational practices in education centers, nowadays more oriented to comply with the minimum laid down in the official curriculum that give true meaning to games that are part of the history and culture of the village of Boiro, still skittles´s game clearer reference in this regard. Public administrations must be coordinated to implement a much more ambitious project of recovery of this kind of practice, in which the school should be considered as the starting point.

El presente estudio analiza las publicaciones existen- tes acerca de los juegos y deportes populares y tradi- cionales en los últimos años, centrándose en el juego de bolos y su práctica registrada en España. Se realiza un trabajo cualitativo de tipo descriptivo para el análisis de documentos y literatura científica, con el objetivo de identificar y conocer las aproximaciones teóricas y metodológicas acerca de este juego secular. La revisión de las bases de datos de Teseo, Isbn, Iacobus, Dialnet, Sport Discus, y Wok nos muestra un total de 4.515 docu- mentos después de la búsqueda inicial, de los cuales se seleccionaron 389 para su posterior estudio. Las publica- ciones analizadas hacen referencia, sobre todo, a aspec- tos socioculturales y educativos de los juegos y deportes populares y tradicionales. Del juego de bolos destacan las tesis doctorales sobre esta modalidad en la comarca del Plá d ́Urgell (Lleida) y la Comunidad Autónoma de Asturias, además de diversas tesinas y memorias presen- tadas en el INEF de Madrid entre los años 1977 y 1982.

El monocultivo del olivar en Jaén, al sur de España, constituye una verdadera curiosidad tanto por sus implicaciones sociales como por sus impactos ecológicos. Este trabajo trata de proponer algunas reflexiones sobre dicho objeto y su proceso histórico de conformación, desde una perspectiva ecológica y cultural. Además, se plantearán los principales retos que éste sistema debe enfrentar en un futuro no muy lejano, desde varios puntos de vista: ecológico, político y de conciencia. El autor se apoya en una experiencia etnográfica pasada, además de en procesos reflexivos más recientes sobre un sistema cultural que tiene para él especiales implicaciones por ser «nativo».

KRAS mutations represent one of the most prevalent oncogenic driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For many years we have unsuccessfully addressed KRAS mutation as a unique disease. The recent widespread use of comprehensive genomic profiling has identified different subgroups with prognostic implications. Moreover, recent data recognizing the distinct biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of different KRAS subgroups have allowed us to explore different treatment approaches. Small molecules that selectively inhibit KRAS G12C or use of immune checkpoint inhibitors based on co-mutation status are some examples which anticipate that personalized treatment for this challenging disease is finally on the horizon.

The genus Troglobius (Collembola: Paronellidae: Cyphoderinae) is known only from the Southern Hemisphere, the two species found so far were described from caves in Madagascar and Brazil. In this paper we describe a new Brazilian species and complement the descriptions of the previously known species. The new species is a troglomorph and was collected in a single cave, in iron formations in the state of Minas Gerais. Brazil. The original diagnosis of the genus is supplemented with new characters based on observations of the new species.

A new species of Tullbergia from Argentina is described and illustrated; it is differentiated from Tullbergia paranensis by the number of vesicles of postantennal organ, pseudocelli shape and its formulae and the number of dorsal sensilla on Ant. IV. In addition a key for the identification of the members of the family from Argentina is included.

El estudio buscó identificar y analizar las prácticaslúdicas de los habitantes del noroeste de España y la relaciónque se establece con las diferentes vías marítimo-terrestresdel Camino de Santiago que penetran en Galicia. Los datos seobtuvieron a través de una metodología cualitativa, utilizandola entrevista semiestructurada y la revisión bibliográfica. Seconstató un gran paralelismo entre las vías de entrada delCamino de Santiago en Galicia y los municipios donde siguevigente el juego de bolos, verificando las influencias de losperegrinos en su camino a Santiago con fines espirituales,trasladando sus costumbres y tradiciones.

The new genus Mexicaphorura, and its type species M. guerrerensis sp. n. are described from marine littoral sand. The new genus is similar to Sensilatullbergia Thibaud & Ndiaye, 2006 invery big sensilla on sensorial organ of antennal segment III, but of different shape, the kind of postantennal organ, with simple vesicles in Mexicaphorura versus composed vesicles in Sensilatullbergia and formulae of the pseudocelli.

Este trabajo recoge un conjunto de reflexiones sobre el turismo residencial que surgen tras la finalización de un proyecto de investigación. Fundamentalmente estas se articulan en un sentido crítico, pues intentan analizar vacíos o limitaciones teóricas en las formas de abordar este fenómeno desde las ciencias sociales, especialmente en todo lo relacionado con sus dimensiones sociopolíticas. Así el trabajo trata de problematizar ciertas convenciones habitualmente ligadas a la representación teórica del turismo residencial, como ciertos excesos en su caracterización global, o la presencia acrítica de retóricas asociadas a la libertad o la creatividad. Además también señalamos la necesidad de ahondar en la crítica socio-histórica de lo que el turismo ha supuesto y supone en sociedades como la española.

Los tumores mucosos apendiculares tienen baja incidencia y comúnmente se diagnostican en el estudio anatomo-patólogico después de la apendicectomía. Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 41 años de edad, con un cuadro clínico de ocho meses de evolución, caracterizado por dolor abdominal de tipo opresivo, difuso y de gran intensidad en el hemiabdomen inferior, acompañado de náuseas. Después de cinco meses de iniciado este cuadro clínico, se evidenció una masa en la fosa iliaca derecha; el dolor se agudizó e intensificó, y las náuseas continuaron, por lo cual fue remitida al hospital. En los exámenes practicados se observó una masa quística compleja abdomino-pélvica de origen indeterminado, y la tomografía computadorizada de abdomen fue sugestiva de mucocele apendicular. Con estos hallazgos, se optó por el tratamiento quirúrgico por laparotomía, consistente en hemicolectomía derecha, con resección parcial de íleon, epiplectomía, histerectomía y salpigooforectomía bilateral

A new species of Pseudachorutes is described and illustrated from Nicaragua. Pseudachorutes nica sp. n. is very easy to distinguish from other members of this genus from Central America, because its chaetotaxy consists of macro and microsetae and a postantennal organ with multiple vesicles (close to 20).

An ecological study of the microarthropod communities from Las Sardinas cave was undertaken. Four different biotopes were studied over the course of a year: bat guano, litter, soil under the chemoautotrophic bacteria colonies and as a control, plain soil without litter or guano. A total of 27,913 specimens of a total of 169 species were collected. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that there is a significant effect of biotope on the recorded density, and the post hoc Tukey’s test showed that guano is the most different biotope with the highest value of density recorded. The interaction between season and biotope variables was not significant. In the most extreme case, 99 percent of the microarthropods in soil under chemoautotrophic bacteria were mites, mainly in the family Histiostomidae.

El propósito central de este artículo es presentar algunas reflexiones de carácter crítico sobre las relaciones entre las transformaciones en el campo de la salud y los procesos de globalización. Para ello partimos de los aportes de nuestra disciplina de origen, la Antropología social, pero también ocupan un papel central las teorías del filosofo francés M. Foucault. La idea es que estas reflexiones puedan abrir un espacio de debate con otros profesionales del campo socio-sanitario. En la primera parte el texto plantea el reto que supone pensar acerca de los nuevos procesos sociales ligados a la salud, debido a la aparición de modelos explicativos y de intervención en los cuales determinados aspectos que podríamos denominar "culturales" parecen haber pasado a ocupar un lugar central. Después pasa a sugerir, desde una perspectiva procesual las dinámicas emergentes que podrían estar tomando los procesos ahora globales de medicalización de la vida, tratando de apuntar sus paradojas, como el desbordamiento de los límites tradicionales de los saberes sanitarios y el ensamblaje de nuevas practicas que parecen traducir al campo medico realidades hasta ahora fuera de su alcance.The core proposal of this article is to present a series of reflections of a critical nature on the links between changes in the field of health care and processes of globalisation. A lot of our work is founded on our discipline of social anthropology; however, the theories of the French philosopher M. Foucault also play a central role in this paper. Our intention is that these reflections may contribute to subsequent debate among professionals in the social-health arena. The first part of this article talks about the challenge that supposes to think about the new social processes related to the health, due to the appearance of explanatory and interventional models, in which some aspects that we could denominate "cultural" seem to occupy a central place. Later, the text suggests, from a processual perspective, the emergent dynamics that could be taking the global medicalization processes of the life now, trying to point his paradoxes as the underflow of the traditional limits of the medical knowledges and the assemblage of new practices that they seem to translate to the medical field realities outside of his reach until now.

A compilation of the information on the genus Pseudosinella from Mexican caves was undertaken and one new species from Puebla State is described and illustrated: P. rochezi, sp. nov. It is similar to P. bonita Christiansen, 1973 and displays typical troglomorphic characters. An identifi cation key for all Mexican cave species of the genus is presented.

El objeto de este trabajo es apuntar algunas líneas de reflexión sobre los aspectos simbólicos y de carácter ritual que presentan las comunidades terapéuticas de rehabilitación de alcohólicos, Alcohólicos Anónimos (AA). Para ello parto del trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en agrupaciones de AA en Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, al norte de México. Estas comunidades de apoyo a alcohólicos, desde una posición de subalternidad y marginalidad, ante una problemática casi siempre obviada por la sociedad y el gobierno mexicano, ofrecen una “salida” de corte espiritual a quienes se acercan a ellas, por lo que resultan interesantes para la reflexión sobre el ritual en contextos actuales. Por otro lado, estas comunidades presentan muchos de los aspectos clave en el análisis etnográfico comparativo de los ritos.

Se han efectuado medidas indirectas de la densidad de la madera mediante métodos no destructivos, como la penetración de una varilla con penetrómetro o el arranque de tornillos, sobre probetas procedentes de 395 vigas de tamaño estructural de Pinus radiata D. Don (155), Pinus sylvestris L (120), y Pinus nigra Arn (120). El objeto es tratar de establecer una metodología, para la estimación en obra de la densidad, cuando se realizan tareas de mantenimiento, rehabilitación o restauración. Se han obtenido relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre los valores obtenidos en los ensayos no destructivos y la densidad real de las piezas. Se proponen tres modelos para la estimación de la densidad basados en el resultado del ensayo no destructivo de arranque de tornillos con coeficientes de determinación (R2) de 48,5%, 49,5% y 49,9%. Por ultimo, se plantea, si se desconoce la especie, el uso de un modelo común, que permite estimar la densidad con un R2 de 48,6%. Este dato, permite posteriormente la estimación, junto con los sistemas de ultrasonidos, del módulo de elasticidad de las piezas y su clasificación.

El presente trabajo es un intento de reflexión antropológica sobre la relación de las políticas, discursos y prácticas de desarrollo para con las estructuras del capitalismo tardío, entendido éste como un sistema mundializante, en extensión, que generalmente se ve bajo miradas ligadas a los intereses de la globalización y el postmodernismo, vinculado a prácticas e ideologías identitarias ligadas al consumo, pero que igualmente, funciona también incrustándose en formas de producción y lógicas culturales, en las que el desarrollo representa un espacio de interacción puramente cultural entre mundos no solo socioeconómicos. Se parte de dos espacios con interesantes puntos de comparación si se acepta una idea del capitalismo como estructura cultural hibridizante, con interesantes paradojas y contrapuntos al aproximarse a los ejercicios y discursos modernizadores, al integrarse en las lógicas de sus espacios nacionales, regionales y globales con un rol periférico y dependiente.

La idea central de este trabajo consiste en intentar construir algunas reflexiones antropológicas sobre el capitalismo a partir de dos ejemplos etnográficos de producción agrícola. Para ello se trabaja sobre una visión del capitalismo que traspasa lo social, proponiéndose como un orden cuasi cultural, cuya potencia es pasada muchas veces por alto en las ciencias sociales debido a sus propias cartografías epistemológicas, dado que de algún modo ambas comparten las mismas condiciones socio-históricas de posibilidad, el mismo sistema social. De ahí que ambas lógicas coinciden en la dicotomización de ciertos dilemas que constituyen puntos estructurales para pensar este tipo de cuestiones.