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Hemp and marijuana, both Cannabis sativa L., are revitalized crops to U.S. agricultural and horticultural industries. Hemp (Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol content 0.3%), though classified as a Schedule I narcotic by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), is legal in 40 states and the District of Columbia for medical and/or recreational use. Although C. sativa is often promoted as a pest-free crop, multiple diseases and arthropod pests have been identified and confirmed in recent years. There are limited options for control of diseases and pests affecting hemp. A survey of diagnosticians, researchers, and industry leaders conducted in 2021-22 sought to determine the distribution and occurrence of 76 common diseases and pests on C. sativa across the U.S. A total of 148 responses were collected and grouped by U.S. region: Western, Great Plains, North Central, Northeastern, and Southern. Survey results suggest that while some pathogens and pests are widely distributed across the U.S., others occur more frequently in specific regions. This finding may indicate variations in economic importance by region. Results from this survey provide a foundation for regional and national prioritization of research and regulatory activities.

Patients with inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway have low thymic AIRE expression, leading to the development of auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs, and severe viral diseases.

Background: The Body Mass Index also called the Quetelet Index is a measure (kg/m²) used as an indicator of the adequacy of weight for a certain height. The resulting value is interpreted as an indicator of different nutritional situations, both physiological (normal weight) and pathological (low weight, overweight and obesity). Objective: Evaluate the nutritional situation of the students of the “Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla” Elementary School of the Polyuc community of the Mayan municipality of Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo, Mexico, during the period from 6 de March de 2019 to 7 de December de 2020. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross–sectional epidemiological study with no directionality and prospective temporality. In the period from 6 de March de 2019 to 7 de December de 2020, 136 students from the “Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla” Elementary School were evaluated. The Mantel–Haenszel Chi–Square statistic (x²M–H) was used as a hypothesis test or test of statistical significance. Likewise, the Epi Info software for Windows, version 7.1.4.0, was used to obtain the values of both the x²M–H statistic and the probability (p). Results: Seventy–one (52.21%), 54 (39.71%), 9 (6.62%) and 2 (1.47%) students presented low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that the students of the “Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla” Elementary School have health problems with respect to their nutritional situation since 60.29% (82/136) have a pathological nutritional situation (low weight, overweight and obesity).

In 2019 and 2020 we investigated the individual and combined effects of two biofertilizers (manure tea and bioinoculant) and one humic acid (HA) product on cannabis biochemical and physiological parameters and soil CO2 evolution under outdoor conditions. Our hypothesis was that HA would increase the microbial activity in the biofertilizers and synergy of both compounds would promote better plant performance and stimulate soil microbial activity. In 2020, the individual and combined application of biofertilizers and HA increased cannabis height, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, aboveground biomass, and bucked biomass by 105, 52, 43, 122 and 117%, respectively. Impacts were greater under suboptimal growing conditions caused by planting delay experienced in 2020. In 2019, planting date occurred in-between the most favorable period and chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency were the only parameters influenced by the application of biostimulants. The discrepancies between the two growing seasons reinforce the evidence of other studies that biostimulants efficacy is maximized under stress conditions. This study could not conclusively confirm that the combined use of biofertilizer + HA is a superior practice since affected plant parameters did not differ from application of the compounds singly. Similarly, only one biofertilizer + HA treatment increased soil microbial activity. More research is needed to define optimum rates and combinations of biofertilizer and stimulants for cannabis.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a non-invasive precursor to breast cancer, and although associated with an increased risk of developing invasive disease, many women with DCIS will never progress beyond their in situ diagnosis. The path from normal duct to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is not well understood, and efforts to do so are hampered by the substantial heterogeneity that exists between patients, and even within patients. Here we show gene expression analysis from > 2,000 individually micro-dissected ductal lesions representing 145 patients. Combining all samples into one continuous trajectory we show there is a progressive loss in basal layer integrity heading towards IDC, coupled with two epithelial to mesenchymal transitions, one early and a second coinciding with the convergence of DCIS and IDC expression profiles. We identify early processes and potential biomarkers, including CAMK2N1, MNX1, ADCY5, HOXC11 and ANKRD22, whose reduced expression is associated with the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to limit medical students' full reintegration into clinical learning environments, thus exacerbating an ongoing challenge in identifying a robust number of clinical educational activities at excellent clinical sites for all students. Because medical students across the United States were removed from direct patient care activities in mid-March 2020 due to COVID-19, medical centers have prioritized and implemented changes to the process of patient care. As some barriers are being lifted in the face of a highly contagious and deadly infection, the use of telehealth (delivery of health services remotely via telephone, video, and secure messaging), although not new, is rapidly expanding into all aspects of patient care. Health care providers have been encouraged to conduct many interactions at a physical distance. Telehealth largely replaced face-to-face visits for nonemergency care in an attempt to slow viral transmission while enabling physicians to continue to deliver patient education, manage acute and chronic illness, and nurture caring doctor-patient relationships. Health care providers, many of whom were initially reluctant to embrace telehealth technology and logistics, are becoming nimbler and more aware of the many positive aspects of telehealth. The authors suggest that integrating medical students into telehealth activities would help maintain and improve patients' health, extend the capabilities of health care teams and systems during and after the pandemic, and increase medical students' opportunities for experiential learning and professional identity formation. The authors expand on these 3 goals, suggest several concrete student telehealth activities, propose a curricular strategy, and outline opportunities to overcome key barriers to full alignment of telehealth and undergraduate medical education.

The purpose of this work is to implement a novel active radar system for single access point two-dimensional localization system based on 802.11 wireless local-area networks (WLAN). The active radar employes the 802.11 Fine Time Measurement (FTM) Round Trip Time (RTT) as specified in the 2016 update of WIFI Standard to calculate the ranging distance and acquires two channels of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to estimate the azimuthal angle. In this way, real-time two-dimensional localization of Wi-Fi RTT-compatible mobile Internet of Things devices is demonstrated using a single access point operating in the 2.4GHz band. The experimental results performed in anechoic chamber and in a real environment point up a mean positioning error below one meter within a Field of View (FoV) of 60° and distances up to 14 meters, with an acquisition time below 0.5 seconds.

ABanach space B is said to satisfy the Banach-Saks property with respect to a regular summability method if every bounded subsequence has a summable subsequence. We show that if a Banach space satisfies the Banach-Saks property with respect to a Robison-Hamilton regular summability method, for every bounded double sequence there exists a ?-subsequence whose subsequences are all summable to the same limit.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a non-invasive precursor to breast cancer, and although associated with an increased risk of developing invasive disease, many women with DCIS will never progress beyond their in situ diagnosis. The path from normal duct to invasive disease is not well understood, and efforts to do so are hampered by the substantial heterogeneity that exists between patients and even within patients. Using gene expression analysis, we have generated a ‘Timeline’ of disease progression, utilising the variability within patients and combining >2,000 individually micro-dissected ductal lesions from 145 patients into one continuous trajectory. Using this Timeline we show there is a progressive loss in basal layer integrity, coupled with two epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT), one early in the timeline and a second just prior to cells leaving the duct. We identify early processes and potential biomarkers, includingCAMK2N1,MNX1,ADCY5,HOXC11andANKRD22, whose reduced expression is associated with the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer.

Current trends in agriculture have moved toward more sustainable cultivation systems with higher efficiency of input use. A variety of materials, derived from different resources, can serve as a crop nutrient sources. An Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) uses the combined and harmonious use of inorganic, organic and biological nutrient resources to maximize efficiency of inputs. We evaluated the effects of commercial nitrogen (N) fertilizer, humic acid compounds (HA), compost/manure teas and bioinoculants as inorganic, organic and biological resources, respectively and their synergy over three years on corn (Zea mays L.) in the Mid-Atlantic USA. The individual and combined application of HA and biofertilizer following the IPNS influenced corn height and leaf greenness to varying degrees, most likely due to biostimulant effects. In 2017, corn height, NDVI, greenness and vigor responded positively to biostimulant application to varying magnitudes and growth stages, however grain yield and nutrient content were not affected. In combined studies from 2018 and 2019 corn height was not impacted by biostimulant application but NDVI, photosynthetic efficiency, greenness and vigor were increased at different doses and corn growth stages. The combined use of HA + biofertilizer (Microlife Humic + Microgeo) was the only treatment leading to increased grain yield. This study demonstrates that the individual and combined application of HA and biofertilizer can influence corn growth and vigor at various points during the growing season. However, the current study cannot conclusively confirm that the integrated use of HA and biofertilizers (IPNS) is a better practice than the application of each compound individually. Virginia Tech -College of Agriculture and Life Sciences This work was supported by Virginia Tech -College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee

Ensuring food and nutritional security in light of high climate variability and a rapidly growing population remains a challenge. Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is a short duration, drought-tolerant, and ureide-exporting legume crop capable of symbiotic atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Estimates of biological N2 fixation by mungbean in different soil textures have not been extensively studied. We conducted this study to evaluate plant growth and N2 fixation of five mungbean genotypes (Berken, 8735, IC 8972-1, STB#122, 223) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. and grown on loamy sand and silt loam soils under glasshouse conditions. Mungbean dry matter yield, δ15N values, shoot content, amounts of N-fixed, and soil N uptake were all higher on the silt loam soil compared to the loamy sand soil, demonstrating the effects of soil properties on plant growth and N2 fixation potential. Among genotypes, IC 8972-1 produced the highest biomass (7.85 g plant−1), shoot N content (200 mg plant−1), and soil N uptake (155 mg plant−1) than other genotypes. The significant interaction between soil texture and genotypes for root dry matter and %Ndfa indicates the major role of legume root-nodule bacteria in symbiotic N2 fixation. This study demonstrated that N2 fixation in mungbean is affected by both genotypes and soil properties, illustrating the need to consider soil properties in order to maximize N contribution from mungbean to agricultural production systems.

Agroecosystem and ecological cycling loops are open when considering the reutilization of inputs applied in farming areas. Non-renewable resources have been transformed or relocated from the air, water and land into the system and are flowing out as wastes rather than reusable, recyclable resources. This current environmental situation is promoting the development of methods able to optimize nutrient cycling, minimize use of external inputs, and maximize input use efficiency. Some humic products are derived from lignin found in wheat straw and biofertilizers as compost and manure teas can be made using residues. Also, these biostimulants might decrease the necessity of synthetic inputs. This review strives to enhance our understanding of the conjunctive use of humic substances (HS) and biofertilizers. The biostimulant effects of each of these compounds are shown in the literature. Thus, our review question is whether the combined application of HS and biofertilizers can promote synergy between both compounds and potentially more efficacy. The effects promoted by using HS plus biofertilizers on plants and microorganisms are very interconnected, so sometimes these effects can be confounded. For instance, the root elongation promoted by HS might increase hyphal fungi colonization. Therefore, this review as divided in three sections: Responses of plants, fungi and bacteria. The findings indicate that the source and application rate of HS will have a strong impact on whether plant growth and microbial activity significantly improved. The microbial species and plant type also influence the response to HS. The prospects of the conjunctive use of and biofertilizers to stimulate plant development and microbial activity in agricultural systems are theoretically substantial when considering the total number of studies included in this review.

The study area covers 1,300 km2 in southeastern Abu Dhabi and focuses on the Aptian (Apt.) 5 Upper Shuaiba progradational clinoform system. The Shuaiba Formation has been well-studied at the regional level, but with comparatively less focus on the Apt. 5 system. Studying depositional trends and shoal facies distributions within the Apt. 5 is critical for predicting reservoir presence and quality. Given the complexity of the Apt. 5 system, understanding the key controls over depositional environments, such as paleowind direction, is an important first step. This study combined regional context and geological understanding with previous studies to confirm existing clinoform interpretation, while also delineating four additional clinoform sequences using a reprocessed depth migrated 3-D seismic volume. Isochron maps were also used to group clinoforms into three packages distinguished by common morphologies possibly linked to their respective dominant reservoir facies. Preliminary observations suggest early clinoforms had more rudist build-ups, whereas the later clinoforms were dominated by narrow-shoal beaches. Coalescing clinoform shoal patterns, observed in the spectral decomposition and amplitude extraction maps, likely result from a combination of Bab Basin morphology, longshore current, and dominant paleowind direction during the Early to Middle Cretaceous. Existing interpretations of dominant paleowind direction vary significantly, ranging between E-W and S-N. Interpretations from this study are most consistent with prevailing paleowind out of the east-southeast. The Arabian plate was likely near the equator around 10°S latitude during the Aptian, which supports the southeast wind hypothesis when considering modern Coriolis patterns. Consistent wind influence on shallow water shoal environments would have winnowed mud and increased the proportion of grain-dominated sediment preserved relative to lower energy areas. The grain-dominated facies appear to be reflected in amplitude responses around the coalescing clinoforms, and in the amplitude variations along strike coincident with clinoform edges. Reservoir presence and quality uncertainty can be reduced if these observations can be confirmed. An improved understanding of the Apt. 5 clinoform system in southeast Abu Dhabi, and possible influences on reservoir distribution and quality, will help develop a better understanding of risk for prospect maturation.

Objectives/Scope Aptian (Shuaiba-Bab) and Cenomanian (Mishrif-Shilaif) intra-shelf basins were extensively studied with their genesis focused on environmental/climatic disturbances (Vahrenkamp et al., 2015a). Additionally, local tectonic events can also affect the physiography of these basins, especially the Cenomanian intra-shelf basin subjected to NE compressional regime. As this ongoing regime increased at Late-Cretaceous and Miocene, it led to more tectonic-driven basin physiography. This paper investigates the areal extent, interaction, and commonalities between the extensional Aptian intra-shelf basin, compressional Late-Cretaceous intra-shelf basin, Late-Cretaceous-Paleogene foreland basin, and Late Oligocene-Miocene salt basin. Methods, Procedures, Process To understand the genesis, driving forces, and distribution of these basins, we used a combination of several large-scale stratigraphic well correlations and seismic, together with age dating, cores, and extensive well information (ADNOC proprietary internal reports). The methodology used this data for detailed mapping of 11 relevant time stratigraphic intervals, placing the mapped architecture in the context of the global eustatic sea level and major geodynamic events of the Arabian Plate. Results, Observations, Conclusions Aptian basin took place as a consequence of environmental/climatic disturbances (Vahrenkamp et al., 2015a). However, environmental factors alone cannot explain isolated carbonate build-ups on salt-related structures at the intra-shelf basin, offshore Abu Dhabi. Subsequently, the emplacement of thrust sheets of Tethyan rocks from NE, and following ophiolite obduction (Searle et al., 1990; Searle, 2007; Searle and Ali, 2009; Searle et al., 2014), established a compressional regime in the Albian?-Cenomanian. This induced tectonic features such as: loading-erosion on eastern Abu Dhabi, isolated carbonate build-ups, and reactivation of a N-S deep-rooted fault (possibly a continuation of Precambrian Amad basement ridge from KSA). This N-S feature was probably the main factor contributing the basin axis change from E-W Aptian trend to N-S position at Cenomanian. Further compression continued into the Coniacian-Santonian, leading to a nascent foreland basin. This compression established a foredeep in eastern Abu Dhabi, separated by a bulge from the northern extension of the eastern Rub’ Al-Khali basin (Ghurab syncline) (Patton and O'Connor, 1988). Numerous paleostructures were developed onshore Abu Dhabi, together with several small patch-reefs on offshore salt growing structures. Campanian exhibits maximum structuration associated to eastern transpression related to Masirah ophiolite obduction during India drift (Johnson et al., 2005, Filbrandt et al., 2006; Gaina et al., 2015). This caused more differentiation of the foredeep, onshore synclines, and northern paleostructures, which continued to cease through Maastrichtian. From Paleocene to Late-Eocene, paleostructure growth intensity continued decreasing and foreland basin hydrological restriction began with the Neotethys closure. Through Oligocene until Burdigalian this situation continued, where the Neotethys closed with the Zagros Orogeny (Sharland et al., 2001), causing a new environmental/climatic disturbances period. These disturbances prevented the continued progradation of the carbonate factory into the foredeep, leading to conspicuous platform-basin differentiation. Additionally, the Zagros orogeny tilted the plate northeastward, dismantling the paleostructures generated at Late-Cenomanian. Finally, during an arid climate in the Burdigalian to Middle-Miocene, the confined Neogene sea filled the foredeep accommodation space with massive evaporites. Novel/Additive Information Little has been published about the outline and architecture of these basins in Abu Dhabi and the detailed circumstances that led to their genesis using subsurface information.